Umcebo wamanzi ezweni lethu. Izinsiza zaseSiberia kanye neTrassioyarsk Territory

Amandla amakhulu eRussia emnothweni wamanzi abuyele eBrazil kuphela. Mayelana nalokhu, izwe lethu linikezwa umthwalo obalulekile nokukhethekile ngokuphathelene nokuvikelwa, ukulondolozwa nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi.

Okuthile ngezinkinga

Ingabe ukucelela kwamanzi esifundeni sethu kunelungelo lokuphila?

Ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile kukhula emhlabeni jikelele. Izibalo zithi namuhla wonke umuntu wesine ohlala eMhlabeni akanakho iglasi lamanzi. Cishe abantu abangaphezu kwesigamu sezigidi bazizwa bengenako amanzi.

Ukuthuthwa okukhulu kwezwe laseRussia kunemithombo yemvelo ecebile. Imithombo yamanzi esifundeni sethu ingabangela isithakazelo esikhulu nakakhulu emhlabeni wonke kwimithombo yethu.

Izinkinga ezihlobene nokunikezwa kwamanzi nazo zithinta iRussia, njengoba ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye namanzi angaphezulu kulo lonke izwe kungalingani. Abantu abaningi (bakha amaphesenti angu-80 ebalo lonke labantu bezwe) - Izindawo eziphakathi, eziphakathi kwe-Volga nase-Southern - zinamaphesenti angu-10 kuphela wemithombo yamanzi evela kuyo yonke imiqulu. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo nokulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu manje.

Njengezinye izindawo emhlabeni, abathengi abakhulu bamanzi yizinkampani zamabhizinisi ezomnotho. Kodwa-ke, inkinga akulona lokhu, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi inhloko-dolobha yangaphandle ithola amanzi ethu eminyangweni emikhulu. Namuhla, amandla amakhulu emithombo yamanzi yizinkampani zangaphandle (70% noma ngaphezulu). Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi abaphathi baseRussia nabanjiniyela bamabhizinisi ethu bathathelwa indawo ngabangaphandle.

Umcebo wamanzi esifundeni sethu: izibalo

I-Russia - owokuqala eplanethi ngenxa yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba naphansi komhlaba . Lokhu kubandakanya okungaphezulu kwama-20% wezinsiza zomhlaba. Umthamo womfula ogeleza ngonyaka ngamunye eRussia cishe u-4270 km³, okungaba ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30 ngonyaka ngomuntu ngamunye ezweni lakithi.

Ngokuphelele, umcebo wamanzi esifundeni sethu uthola imifula engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2,5 (izinkulungwane ezingu-127 ezisetshenziswa); Amachibi amamiliyoni amabili; Amakhemikhali angama-30 ayizinkulungwane; Amasistimu angu-37 (okukhulu kunawo wonke) kokugeleza kokuphakathi kwamabhasi; Cishe izinkulungwane ezingu-5 zifaka ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Izimpahla zazo zonke ezihlolwe idiphozi ziqukethe cishe ngo-33 km³ ngonyaka.

Imithombo esemqoka yamanzi itholakala eNyakatho YaseYurophu (eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude). Kulezi zifunda kuphela i-1/5 yabantu baseRashiya abaphila futhi, ngokufanele, ingxenye encane yezolimo zezolimo nezamabhizinisi kungenzeka.

Ngamazwi amaningi, izinsiza zamanzi zaseRussia zakhiwe nge-static (ubudala) nezinqolobane ezivuselelekayo.

Ingxenye yemifula yaseRussia ingu-22% wezinga lomhlaba, amachibi - 30%, amaxhaphozi - ngaphezu kwe-1/4, ama-glaciers - angaphansi kuka-1%, namanzi angaphansi komhlaba-angaphezu kwama-5%.

Ezingqikithi zokubaluleka kwamandla, inani lemithombo yemvelo yamanzi ahlanzekile ezweni lakithi lingaphezu kuka-10100 km / ngonyaka. Umthamo omkhulu ukhiwa ngamanzi angenawo amanzi (ngaphezu kuka 41%) namanzi enhlabathi (cishe ama-34%).

Ukubekwa kwemithombo ensimini yeRussia. Umcebo wamanzi wesifunda sethu, ikhwalithi yayo

Imithombo yamanzi yaseRussia inkulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izindawo eziningi zaseRussia sezivele zinezinkinga ezinkulu ekunikezeni amanzi emnothweni nakubantu. Isizathu ikakhulukazi ekusatshalaliseni okungalingani kwemithombo yamanzi kuyo yonke indawo, engavumelani ngaso sonke isikhathi nezidingo, kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi okuphezulu.

Umcebo wamanzi esifundeni sethu utholakala ikakhulu emifuleni emikhulu: i-Ob (iSiberia); I-Yenisei (eSiberia); ULena (eSiberia); I-Amur (iRussia, iChina, iMongolia); I-Volga (i-Russia, i-Kazakhstan); Kolyma (Yakutia); UDon - omunye wendala kunazo zonke (esifundeni saseTula); I-Khatanga (i-Krasnoyarsk Territory); Indigirka (igeleza e-Arctic Ocean); I-Northern Dvina (isifunda saseVologda); Kama - i-tributary enkulu kunazo zonke emfuleni. I-Volga (ingxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia).

I-Russia inezinsiza zamanzi ezicebile. Into yendawo yethu - umfula ob - unebude obukhulu phakathi kwayo yonke imifula yaseRussia - 5410 km.

Ikhwalithi yamanzi yamanqamu amanengi wamanzi awanelisi. Namuhla, imifula emikhulu elandelayo ihlukaniswa ngokuthi "ingcolile": i-Volga, Kuban, Yenisei, i-Pechora, i-Don, i-Ural, i- Donets yaseSeversky. Isigaba "esingcolile" sihlanganisa: Iset, Moscow, Ob, Miass, Terek nabanye abaningana. Ukungcola kwabo kudlula izinga lempilo yokuphuza.

Izinsiza zaseSiberia, i-Krasnoyarsk Territory

Imithombo yamanzi eNdawo yaseKrasnoyarsk itholakala emgodini we-Arctic Ocean. Izindawo eziyinhloko zomfula omkhulu we-Yenisei: ilungelo - iTuba, Kan, Mana, Bolshoy Pete, Kureika, Angara, i-Podkamennaya Tunguska ne-Lower Tunguska, iKhanayka; I-left-Big Heta, Abakan, Yelogui, Sym, Turukhan.

Lapha futhi ugeleza imifula yeChulym kanye neKet (emiphakathini ephakathi naphezulu), engezansi yomfula. Ob. Enyakatho yeTraskaoyarsk Territory kunemifula emikhulu - iKhatanga (eNyakatho-West yeMpumalanga Siberia), iTaimyr, iPyasina.

Yonke imifula idla ngokuqhaqhazela iqhwa ezintabeni entwasahlobo nasehlobo, futhi ngenxa yemvula. Iningi lemifula ilungele ukugibela kabusha nokuhamba ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamanzi aphezulu. Imifula eminingi inezinsiza zemithombo yamanzi.

Futhi endaweni yesifunda kukhona amachibi amakhulu aseNyakatho-Siberia. Lawa ngamachibi aseTaimyr nasePyasino. Amachibi amaningana ase-Plate Central Siberia (Lama, Keta, Glubokoe, Khantaysk, njll). Emifuleni Yadun naseRireika kunamanzi amakhulu aseRussia.

Imithombo yamanzi ecebile kakhulu yezwe lethu ihluke ngobukhulu kanye nokuhlukahluka, ukusatshalaliswa okungafani kuyo yonke insimu (ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kakhulu ezindaweni ezingenasiphelo esinezimo ezingekho esimweni sezulu, futhi ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuchithwa kwamasheya ezindaweni ezisemisiwe kakade).