Inkulumo nenhlonipho. Imithetho yokuziphatha. Imithetho esemqoka yokukhuluma nenhlonipho ezimweni ezahlukene inkulumo: izibonelo

inkulumo Human - kubaluleke kakhulu uphawu characterological ku kungenzeka ukunquma izinga lemfundo nje kuphela, kodwa kube sezingeni umthwalo walo nesiyalo. Inikeza maqondana layo kwabanye abantu, ngokwabo, ukuze udaba lwabo. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza ku-enkulumweni yakhe kuyadingeka ukuze noma ubani ofuna ukuba aphumelele lokukhulumisana nabanye abantu. Imithetho yokukhuluma etiquette, sifinyeto okuyinto ngamunye wethu ufunda ebuntwaneni, laba kanjani nesandla ukuqonda kangcono phakathi kwabantu nokusiza ukwakha ubudlelwano.

Umqondo nenhlonipho inkulumo

Ukuziphatha - iqoqo kwezinkambiso imithetho yokuziphatha, ngokuvamile ikhodi engabhaliwe okwakudingeka ukuthi wonke umuntu ifunda kanye namasiko. Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuziphatha inkulumo ngokuvamile asikho isidingo ukuba azoyidlalela umculo imiBhalo noma ngokubhala, kodwa ziyisibopho kuwo wonke umuntu ofuna yokuthuthukisa ubuhlobo bethu nabanye abantu. etiquette Inkulumo sinquma oyifunayo ifomu ngomlomo izimo ejwayelekile zokuxhumana. Le mithetho akekho wacabanga ngamabomu, bona kwamiswa ngokuhamba nokuxhumana womuntu izinkulungwane zeminyaka. etiquette ngamunye amafomula elisuka, izici nezinketho. etiquette Speech, nemithetho yokuziphatha kukhona uphawu muntu ofundile futhi benomusa futhi unganakile ulungise emcondvweni omuhle lomuntu, futhi abomdabu babezisebenzisa.

Umlando nesenzakalo

Igama elithi "nenhlonipho" livela esiGrekini olimini lwesiFulentshi. Etymologically, ke uya emuva emsukeni osho oda, umthetho. E-Fulansi, izwi yasetshenziselwa ubheke ikhadi ekhethekile, lapho imithetho zihlalo nokuziphatha etafuleni wasebukhosini base olubekiwe. Kodwa esikhathini XIV nenhlonipho lomkhuba ngokwaso, yebo, asivelanga, kuba okuningi imvelaphi lasendulo. Imithetho yokuziphatha inkulumo, sifinyeto okungase amazwi athi, "ekukhulumisaneni okuphumelelayo", baqale lapho abantu kwadingeka afunde ukwakha ubudlelwano kanye ukuxoxisana nomunye. Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo kwakukhona mithetho yokuziphatha okuyiyona ukusiza interlocutors ukuba banqobe Ukungathembani mutual ukusungula yokukhulumisana. Ngakho, ikhodi yokuziphatha okuhle kuchazwa imibhalo ngokunqoba kwamaGreki asendulo, abaseGibithe. imithetho Ukuziphatha endulo babe uhlobo isiko, okuyinto utshelwa interlocutors bangabolunye "igazi" ukuthi musa kuwusongo olukhulu. Ngamunye wayenethuba ingxenye isiko ngamazwi nangezenzo. Kancane kancane balahlekelwa incazelo yalo original yezenzo eziningi, kodwa umkhuba futhi ekwakhiweni yayo ngamazwi iyagcinwa futhi uyaqhubeka nokudlala.

Imisebenzi yokuziphatha inkulumo

Le ndoda yesimanje ngokuvamile kuphakama umbuzo ngokuqondene nalokho kudinga nemithetho yokuziphatha inkulumo? Impendulo - ukujabulisa abanye abantu. Umsebenzi oyinhloko nenhlonipho inkulumo - kunenze nisondelane. Lapho umthombo ihambisana nemithetho jikelele, kwenza uliqonde kangcono futhi esivikelekile, thina ngokungazi baba nokuzethemba okwengeziwe kulokho thina bayawazi. Lenza emuva izikhathi bakudala, lapho izwe emhlabeni kwaba akunasidingo kakhulu futhi yonke indawo usengozini, uma lo mkhosi imicikilisho ethile kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Futhi lapho umlingani zokuxhumana kwenziwa isethi ajwayelekile yezenzo, ethi amagama afanele, it ususa ingxenye Ukungathembani futhi ukuxhumana. Namuhla, inkumbulo zethu zofuzo lisitshela ukuthi umuntu ukuthobela imithetho singamethemba ngaphezulu. Imithetho kanye nemithetho yokuziphatha inkulumo enze umsebenzi wokusungula umoya ngokomzwelo omuhle, esiza ukunikeza nethonya omuhle interlocutor. Inkulumo etiquette njengendlela yokuthola yokubonisa inhlonipho omunye umuntu, ogcizelela isimo izindima phakathi abemukeli futhi isimo isimo zokuxhumana - ibhizinisi, kuchumana ngalokungakahleleki futhi benobungane. Ngakho, imithetho yokuziphatha nenkulumo yithuluzi lokuvikela ingxabano. Ingxenye ukungezwani isuswa elula nenhlonipho amafomula. Inkulumo etiquette njengengxenye esisemthethweni izimiso owenza umsebenzi zokulawula, kuyasiza ukuqala, inomthelela ukuziphatha abantu ezimweni ejwayelekile.

Izinhlobo etiquette inkulumo

Njenganoma yimuphi ulimi, indlela yokuziphatha ukuziphatha ngamazwi ihlukile kakhulu ifomu sawo esilotshiwe kanye ngomlomo. zinhlobo Ibhalwe has imithetho enzima, futhi kuleli fomu le nenhlonipho ifomula kudingeka okwengeziwe ukuze isetshenziswe. Ifomu temlomo is yelinyenti, it ovunyelwe kwezinye izikhala noma esikhundleni amagama nezenzo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngezinye izikhathi esikhundleni "Sawubona", ungathola ngokunqekuzisa ikhanda noma umnsalo okuncane.

Ukuziphatha lisibeka imithetho yokuziphatha ezindaweni ezithile kanye nezimo. It isinqumo ukwaba eziningi izinhlobo ezahlukene nenhlonipho inkulumo. Esemthethweni, ibhizinisi noma ukuhlonipha inkulumo professional ichaza imithetho yokuziphatha womlomo ukusebenza imisebenzi esemthethweni, ezingxoxweni, e nokulungisa amaphepha. Lolu hlobo ngempela semthethweni, ikakhulukazi ezihlukahlukene sawo esilotshiwe. imithetho Russian yokukhuluma nenhlonipho kuzilungiselelo loluhlelekile nalolungakahleleki zingase zishintshe kakhulu, isitshengiselo ushintsho lokuqala zenye kwenye nenhlonipho kungaba ushintsho ukwelashwa phezu "kwakho" ukuvusa 'kuwe. " etiquette Okuvamile nkulumo inkululeko ethe xaxa kunaleyo esemthethweni, lapha kukhona kokuhlukana mkhulu amafomula ukhiye yokuziphatha. Futhi, kukhona izinhlobonhlobo nenhlonipho inkulumo njengoba zamanxusa, ezempi nezenkolo.

Izimiso yokuziphatha enkulumweni yanamuhla

Noma yimuphi imithetho yokuziphatha zisekelwe nezimiso ezisebenza kubo bonke zokuziphatha, akuyona nenhlonipho ngaphandle futhi inkulumo. Umthetho osemqoka yokuziphatha inkulumo kusekelwe isimiso esiyinhloko zokuziphatha, owasungulwa Kant: Ingabe kwabanye njengoba ubungeke ube nabo uyakukwenza ngakuwena. Ngakho, inhlonipho futhi kuzomele sifake amafomula yokuthi umuntu ngokwakhe bazokujabulela ukuzwa. Izimiso eziyisisekelo yokuziphatha nenkulumo ukuhlobana, ukunemba, ukushaya emhloleni kanye nokunemba. Isikhulumi kufanele ukhethe inkulumo amafomula ngokuhambisana isimo, isimo umthombo, degree of ukwazana naye. Kunoma ikuphi kubalulekile ukukhuluma njengoba kafushane ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa qinani ngesikhathi esifanayo okushiwo kuthiweni. Futhi-ke, isikhulumi kumelwe sibe nenhlonipho kuze kube umlingani zokuxhumana, bese uzama ukwakha isitatimende sakho ngokuhambisana imithetho isiRashiya. etiquette Inkulumo kusekelwe ezimisweni ezimbili ezibalulekile: ukuthakazela nokubambisana. umuntu inhlonipho ephatha abanye abantu kwawo kokuqala kube kuhle, ke kumelwe kube qotho futhi enobungane. Abemukeli kufanele kube nhlangothi zombili ukuze wenze yonke into ukuze uxoxe kwaba elikhiqizayo, ezosiza futhi sijatshulelwe yibo bonke ababambiqhaza.

isimo ukuhlonipha

Ukuziphatha elawula ukuziphatha etimeni letehlukene. Ngokwesiko, ke siyahluka kakhulu esimweni letihlelekile naletingakahleleki ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, kanye ezihlukahlukene ukhona: ngokubhala noma ngomlomo. Nokho, zikhona imithetho jikelele ukuhlonipha nokukhulunywa ezahlukene izimo inkulumo. Uhlu ezinjalo ukuze yonke imikhakha, amasiko kanye namafomu okufanayo. Izinga etiquette izimo zihlanganisa:

- ukubingelela;

- amehlo nokwelashwa;

- isethulo futhi isingeniso;

- isimemo;

- Iwawo ngohlelo;

- isicelo;

- Council;

- ukubonga;

- kuchithwa nemvume;

- siyakuhalalisela;

- uzwela;

- Uzwela induduzo;

- a ukuncoma.

isimo ngasinye has nenhlonipho isethi ngamandla inkulumo amafomula, okuyinto Kunconywa ukuba isetshenziswe.

etiquette izici kaZwelonke

etiquette Inkulumo kusekelwe jikelele, nezimiso ezisebenza kubo bonke zokuziphatha. Ngakho-ke, ngesisekelo okufanayo abantu bazo zonke izizinda. Lezi zimiso jikelele nobuntu wonke amazwe ezifaka kubanjwa ukubonakaliswa imizwa, ngezilokotho, ulwazi lokwenza umsebenzi kanye ikhono lokusebenzisa ejwayelekile inkulumo amafomula, ezifanele isimo, isimo sengqondo esiqondile ukuba interlocutor. Kodwa ukugcwaliseka ethile yamazinga jikelele ingahluka kakhulu emasikweni ehlukene kazwelonke. Variability ngokuvamile kubonakala yokubhalisa inkulumo ejwayelekile isimo. I jikelele isiko yokuxhumana kuthinta nenhlonipho inkulumo kazwelonke. Ukuziphatha, isibonelo, kuhilela ukugcina ingxoxo ngesiRashiya, ngisho nabantu ongabazi, uma kwenzeka ukuba abe nazo azikhonze endaweni evalelekile (in a gumbi isitimela), kuyilapho Japanese kanye nayo iBritish izozama ukuba bathule e kwezimo ezifanayo, noma ukukhuluma izihloko kokungathathi hlangothi kakhulu. Hhayi ukuba abanjwe lokukhulumisana nabantu bakwamanye amazwe, kufanele kube ukuzilungisa for umhlangano, ubuyekeze imithetho yabo yokuziphatha.

Isimo ukuze ngixhumane

Imithetho eyinhloko yokuziphatha yokukhuluma ekuqaleni ingxoxo ezihlobene ukubhalisa inkulumo bamukelekile kanye nokwelashwa. ifomula eziyisisekelo ukubingelela kuyizwi "sawubona" ukuze isiRashiya. Kungaba lahlotshaniswa nokuba ibinzana "Mina ukwamukela kwakho" nge touch of the zakudala futhi "osukwini oluhle, ekuseni, kusihlwa" ngokomzwelo ngaphezulu, njengoba kuqhathaniswa ekwakhiweni eziyisisekelo. Isiteji ukubingelela ingenye ezibaluleke kakhulu ekusunguleni contact, amagama kufanele liphinyiselwe nge ithoni eqotho, investimenti amanothi imizwelo omuhle.

Esebenzisa amehlo ngayo la mazwi: "ake / imvume yokukhuluma", "uxolo", "uxolo" futhi kokunezela kulo ngesimo lesingakavami kuloko achazayo: izethulo, izicelo, kanye neziphakamiso.

ukusisingatha kahle leso simo

Ukuphatha - esinye sezimo ezinzima kakhulu, indlela yokuziphatha, njengoba akulula ukuthola igama efanelekayo lomuntu ofuna ukusisebenzisa. IsiRashiya kubhekwa namuhla sikhalo jikelele "Mnumzane / Nkosikazi", kodwa inkulumo kungukuthi njalo babhekana ngokuqondene engavumelani nemiBhalo e nenkathi yamaSoviet. Ukwelashwa okungcono - ngegama noma ngegama, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kungenzeka. Zihambe: isikhalazo ngamazwi athi "intombazane", "owesifazane", le "ndoda". Esimweni yokuxhumana professional lungatholakala ngaphansi kwegama izikhundla womuntu, njengokuthi "Mphathi." Imithetho General yokuziphatha inkulumo kungenziwa kanje ngomzamo ukududuza abemukeli. Isikhalazo Noma ngabe yikuphi akufanele ubheke ezinye izici siqu umuntu (ubulili, ubudala, ubuzwe noma ukholo).

Imininingwane isimo ekupheleni

Isigaba sokugcina yokukhulumisana nakho kubalulekile kakhulu, uzokhumbula izinhlangothi kanye nesidingo ukuzama ikuthinte omuhle. Imithetho evamile yokuziphatha inkulumo, izibonelo zazo siyazi kusuka ebuntwaneni, kutuswa ukusebenzisa bendabuko sokuvalelisa ibinzana "avalelise '," ukukubona "," ukuvalelisa. " Nokho, esigabeni sokugcina kumelwe futhi zihlanganisa futhi siyabonga ngokuthatha isikhathi baxoxe, mhlawumbe, ngokubambisana kwabo. Ungase futhi eminye wayezwakalisa ithemba ngokubambisana okwengeziwe, ukusho ebakhuthaza ngamazwi. etiquette Speech, ukuhlonipha Kunconywa ekupheleni loxhumana ukusekela umbono omuhle, ukudala isimo ngokomzwelo obuqotho ukufudumala. Lokhu kusiza ifomula ezinzile: "Kwakumnandi kakhulu ukukhuluma nawe, Ngithemba ngokubambisana okwengeziwe." Kodwa ngelibintana kumele asho kakhulu ngobuqotho nangenjabulo ukuthi baye bathola incazelo bangempela. Kungenjalo, Some ngeke ushiye impendulo ngokomzwelo oyifunayo e memory kumngane.

Imigomo kuhanjiswa nothando

Isimo kufanele amaziyo yokuphathwa kubhekwane. ukuxhumana Business, oxhumana nabantu ongabazi lokucabanga isikhalo "wena." Ngokwe nemithetho yokuziphatha inkulumo, "wena" lingabhekisela nomunye kuphela ngaphakathi zokuxhumana friendly futhi nsuku zonke. Ukumelwa senziwa imishwana enjengethi, "ungivumele ukwethula", "ngijwayele, sicela," "zikuvumela ukuthi uthumele izinto." Ukumela nakho kunikeza incazelo emfushane imelela "isikhundla, igama, indawo yomsebenzi noma ezinye ngemininingwane ephawulekayo ngokukhethekile." Kufanele nakanjani yazi ngaphandle umsindo igama lakhe, uthi amazwi omuhle, "nice to meet you", "limnandi."

Imigomo siyakuhalalisela nokubonga

imithetho yesimanje yokukhuluma nenhlonipho e isiRashiya, ukunikela okunezinhlobonhlobo kahle esikhulu ka amafomula for ukubonga. Kusukela elula "ngiyabonga" futhi "ngiyabonga" ukuze "phakade sibonge" futhi "sibonga kakhulu". It esenzelwe inkonzo enkulu noma isipho ukuze ungeze amazwi okubonga ibinzana omuhle ezengeziwe ezifana, "kumnandi," "Ngithathe wathinta," "Wena umusa kangaka." Siyakuhalalisela amafomula khona kakhulu. Ukubhala bingelela noma ngabe isiphi isikhathi, kubalulekile ukucabanga ngamazwi ngamunye, ngaphandle "Halala," evamile okuyinto zazigcizelela isici isizathu futhi umuntu ohloniphekile. siyakuhalalisela umbhalo kumele kufakwe nanoma iluphi iziphakamiso, kuyatuseka lokuthi ayengakhishwa stereotyped, futhi uhambisane ngokunqoba lowo okonile ngabanye. Waphimisele ukubingelela kufanele kube umuzwa okhethekile, esizonika amazwi yenani elikhulu.

Imithetho isimemo, sipho, isicelo, ukuvuma nokwenqaba

Ukumema othile ukuthatha lutho abathintekayo, kufanele futhi kuhambisane nemithetho yokuziphatha inkulumo. Isimo izimemo, iziphakamiso kanye nezicelo ngokufuna okufana, lapho isikhulumi njalo kancane kunciphisa isimo yendima yayo ekuqhubeleni ukuxhumana futhi ugcizelela ukubaluleka interlocutor. Izinkulumo izimemo kuyinto inkulumo ethi "siba nodumo ukumema", okuyinto waqaphela ukuthi kwakubalulekile ukuba isivakashi esikhethekile. Ukuze izimemo, iziphakamiso kanye ucela ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi "buza", "uma sicela", "sicela". Isimemo kanye sipho kungenziwa olunye wathi mayelana emizweni ayenayo ngama-isimemo, 'bayokujabulela / ujabule ukukubona "," ziyakujabulela ukuzinikela kuwe. " Sicela - isimo lapho isikhulumi encishisiwe ngamabomu isikhundla salo zokuxhumana, kodwa Ungeqisi lokhu, izicelo design bendabuko ngayo la mazwi: "Ngiyakuncenga", "ungakwazi". Imvume nokwenqaba ukuthatha ezahlukene ukuziphatha ngamazwi. Uma kungekho sivumelwano kungaba emfushane kakhulu, ukuthi ukwenqaba qiniseka ukuba ahambe ukwakhiwa opholile abuye esekele, isibonelo, "ngeshwa, kufanele ukuthi cha sipho wakho, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi ...".

Imigomo wokutjhiriya, uzwela futhi siyaxolisa

I izimo amadlingozi futhi esibuhlungu, ukuhlonipha inkulumo, indlela yokuziphatha Kunconywa kuphela ukuveza imizwa ngobuqotho. Ngokuvamile, ukuzisola nozwela kumele sihambisane amazwi esikhuthazo, njengokuthi "oyozwelana nawe ngoba ... futhi ngobuqotho Ngethemba ukuthi ...." Amazwi enduduzo yayenziwa izikhathi kuphela edabukisayo ngempela, futhi afanele ukukhuluma ngemizwa yabo, kufanele banikeze usizo. Ngokwesibonelo, "Ngikuphathele amazwi enduduzo wami oqotho ekulahlekeni ... lokhu kwangenza nenhliziyo ebuhlungu. Ungakwazi ukubala on kimi uma isidingo. "

Imigomo ukwamukelwa nokudumisa

Ukunconywa - kuyingxenye ebalulekile ukwakha ezinhle, lezi imivimbo nomphakathi - ithuluzi eliphumelelayo ekusunguleni ubudlelwane obuhle. Kodwa ukuncoma - kungcono an art. Kusukela ukuthopha degree kwabo avelele ihaba. Compliment - kuyinto nje ihaba kancane iqiniso. Imithetho yokukhuluma nenhlonipho esimweni isiRashiya ukuthi uncoma futhi yokudumisa kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi aphathe umuntu, hhayi izinto, ngakho athi, "njengoba ungulo ingubo" - kokunikezwa kwe-nemithetho yokuziphatha, kodwa a ukuncoma ngempela inkulumo ethi "wena enhle kule agqoke. " Dumisani abantu bangakhuluma futhi kufanele bonke: emakhono, izici, ngokusebenza, ngoba izinzwa.