UMargarita Aliger imbongi: Biography, lokusungula

UMargarita Aliger, isithakazelo kabani biography luqotho evela kubalandeli yomsebenzi wakhe - odumile Soviet, baklonyeliswa Stalin Prize besigaba sesibili for the inkondlo "Zoe" feat abanesibindi intombazane Soviet Zoe Kosmodemyanskoy.

ebuntwaneni

Njengoba ayezalelwe edolobheni lase-Odessa, uMargarita Aliger, biography esikubonile, wazalwa ngo-October 7, 1915 ku emkhayeni wamaJuda esikhundleni kwezikhulu eziyize. Umama ukuthi uyinkosikazi, uyise - iyakhona indoda icubungulisise erudite, ukuze ukondla umkhaya wayo, ukuzama ukwenza ngakulahla nganoma iyiphi indlela: akunika izifundo, wakhonza kuzo ezihlukahlukene ideskithophu, elihunyushwe. Rita kwaba ingane yakhe okuwukuphela kwayo nokunye othandekayo. Lapho eseneminyaka engu-9 ubudala, uyise washona.

Metropolitan ukuphila

Kusukela zisencane, intombazane, wayejabula kakhulu ukufunda, zikhetha imisebenzi Pushkin futhi Nekrasov, futhi wenza imizamo yokuqala ukubhala imigqa zezinkondlo. ithalente lakhe tetemibhalo, waqala ukubonisa yonke iminyaka zisesikoleni: kubo bonke namaholide nemicimbi emikhulu. Ngemva iminyaka eyisikhombisa esikoleni ngaqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e chemical esikoleni lobuchwepheshe, wasebenza parallel efektri futhi ukulungele ukuxhumanisa ukuphila kwabo nala kwamakhemikhali. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, uMargarita waqaphela ukuthi emaphakathi ukuphila kwakhe akulula izinkondlo nezincwadi. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-16 wayeka isikole futhi zayiswa eMoscow, lapho yena seziqalile ukusetshenziswa wakhe wobuciko. Ehlulekayo izivivinyo ekolishi, yena wakhumula ekhoneni, wahamba wayosebenza, wokuqala njengomnikelo yezincwadi OGIZ Institute, futhi kamuva iphephandaba endaweni yokukhanda. Ngo-1933, waqala unyatheliswe "Ogonyok" umagazini, ukuba isilaleli njalo izifundo zakhe etemibhalo: Izincwadi zokuqala babe izinkondlo "Imvula" kanye 'nokuphila kwansuku zonke ".

UMargarita Aliger: lokusungula

Ngo-1934, uMargaret owaba umfundi we -Institute of nezincwadi zokufunda yaqanjwa Maxim Gorky, lapho ukuqeqeshwa kwenzeke kuze 1937. ukushicilelwa Active izinkondlo kanye indlela ayebukeka ngayo emphakathini waqala ngo-1935: emhlabeni wabona amaqoqo ezifana "Unyaka yokuzalwa", "Amatshe futhi utshani", "sesitimela". Kusukela ngo-1934 kuya ku-1939, uMargaret uhambo okuningi, wavakashela Leningrad, Karelia, Central Asia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Belarus ne-Ukraine. Lokho kuhanjelwa ziye zaba nomthelela lokuzalwa izinkondlo entsha, eyayibonakala enyatheliswa abamemezeli ahlukahlukene ngokuzithandela. Ukuze umsebenzi wokuhumusha, okusanhlamvu ngesikhathi futhi ladluliselwa iminyaka eminingi, bakhangwa nozakwethu abaphezulu Lugovskoy V futhi P. Antokolsky. izinguqulo Literary UMargarita yasiza umfundi Russian ngijwayele imisebenzi abalobi ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene futhi sithola okwakhe futhi ubuntu ngamunye wabo.

indondo yokuqala

UMargarita Aliger ingenye izimbongi ezine (Simonov, E. Dolmatovsky, M. Matusovsky), waqamba niyincwadi vesi abantu nobuqhawe Spain phakathi nempi yombango kulelo zwe, owawungumnyaka isizathu ukunakwa Stalin nozwela lwakhe imbongi isebenza. Njengabantu abaningi ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe ku 30s Aliger UMargarita losifovna wahlala amandla izinganekwane ezikhona mayelana waseSoviet Union njengenkolo umsunguli sokuvuselela nezwe, umphakathi waseSoviet Union njengenkolo ukujabulisa kakhulu futhi okungcono, mayelana Stalin - njengoba umholi ohlakaniphile futhi omkhulu. Poet wajoyina i-Komsomol, futhi ngo-1938 Margaret kwaba ilungu Writers 'Union nophinde abe yilungu lebhodi esifundeni Krasnaya Presnya. Ngo-1939, imbongi waklonyeliswa umklomelo wokuqala uhulumeni - Order of the Ibheji Ukuhlonishwa.

Ukuphila komkhaya Margarity Aliger

Ngo-1937 UMargarita Aliger, ogama biography buhlobene eduze izinkondlo nezincwadi, wadala umndeni umqambi abasha Konstantin Makarov-Rakitin. Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala abahlala ndawonye eshisiwe umndeni ngakhubeka empilweni impahla: ukuphila akusho suffice ngisho ezimbili imifundaze. Ngemva kokufa isifo esibuhlungu futhi isikhathi eside ingane enonyaka owodwa ubudala ambalwa, umyeni ngokuzithandela phambili wabulawa ezinsukwini zokuqala empini. Kumemori ngumkayo, ogama ukufa UMargarita kunzima kakhulu nani, wanikezela le nkondlo "Nge inhlamvu inhliziyo yami, ngihlala emhlabeni" futhi "Umculo." UConstantine wakwazi ukubhala izinkondlo unkosikazi wakhe ambalwa zezingoma upiyano izingcezu: esikhanyayo kanye namanothi. Kule umshado osezandleni Marguerite wahlala indodakazi Tatiana, futhi kamuva ukuxhuma ukuphila kwakhe izinkondlo. Yena wabulawa umdlavuza igazi ngo-1974. Uyise intombazane yesibili Masha kwaba Alexander fadeev, ngesikhathi ngishade Angelina Stepanova - actress YaseMoscow Art Theatre, futhi wazibulala ngo-1956. Indodakazi encane lofakazi - intombazane enhle kakhulu, umndeni nembongi German Hans Magnus Entsensergerom, sayohlala ukuba eJalimane. Ukuphila komkhaya ayisebenzanga, Maria bazinza London, eyingoduso ngokubhala izincwadi nezihloko, ukuhumusha kusuka English, owayemazi ngokuseduze kahle. Kungazelelwe, zonke wazibulala ngo-1991.

UMargarita Aliger: Poems of impi

Kusukela ngo-1938 kuya 1940 Margaritoy Aliger izincwadi ezintathu izinkondlo yashicilelwa, kuhlelwe imiklamo emisha, kodwa lishintshiwe empini, iqhaza ngqo futhi ngokushesha lapho Marguerite wazizwa kanzima, umsebenzi wakhe nsuku zonke kwezimo zempi, okuqukethwe izingane ezimbili futhi uhlala - kuyafana ukuphila kwezigidi eziningi abesifazane Soviet, omama lamasosha, abafelokazi nezintandane. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwempi Aliger UMargarita losifovna wasebenza ovinjezelwe Leningrad umlobeli lempi iphephandaba "Falcons kukaStalin" esabelweni abahleli kokuhamba njalo izingxenye ezahlukene phambi. Amaqoqo izinkondlo zakhe ( "Ngo inkumbulo onesibindi", "Tinkondlo Tinkondlo", "esihlatshelelwayo") Aliger elalinikezelwe labo, imi phambili futhi kokubanga njalo ngeminithi afe ukuvikela izwe lawo; sibonga kuphela kulezi izinhliziyo abanesibindi, yena kanye izigidi zabahlali Soviet angaphila, umsebenzi futhi ukholwa esikhathini esizayo. Ngo-1942 wabhala inkondlo "Zoe," esikhuluma ngokubutha okuyokwenzeka mayelana feat Zoe Kosmodemyanskoy. Ukuze udale le imisebenzi odumile UMargarita impahla ngenkuthalo ukuqoqa, ngahlangana nabantu ababengazi Zoe: noninazala, othisha, abangane bami, abashokobezi komyalelo wokungabi intombazane ukufunda esikoleni umsebenzi izincwadi zakhe, inothi izincwadi, imisebenzi ezaholela isidingo ukubhala mayelana ubuqhawe abesifazane Soviet. Yingenxa kwegama lo mkhiqizo sika Margarity Aliger ayedumile futhi waba uphawu ze yokushisekela izwe. Ukuze inkondlo "Zoe" UMargarita Aliger isimemezelo esisayinwe uStalin ngo-March 21 , 1943 waklonyeliswa Stalin Prize besigaba sesibili. kamuva 2 amaviki, ngo-April 3 nasemaphephandabeni kushicilelwa incwadi evela Marguerite, lapho imbongi engicela ukuba ngiphinde ngiyinikeze le-premium etholwe inani ruble angu-50 000 ukuze izidingo iRed Army futhi uthuthukise izikhali zayo amakhono. Nokho, lesi senzo somusa engashiwongo kuphi. Impumelelo le nkondlo "Zoe 'liphefumulelwe UMargarita ukudala umsebenzi okukhulu enesihloko esifanayo. Ngakho play-idrama "The Tale of iqiniso" yadalwa, eyayintula yimpumelelo enkulu phakathi yaseshashalazini izethameli. Ngemva kokufa kukaStalin, Margaret ezamenyezelwa baxgeki "Okuqukethwe akuzwakali" imbongi.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe imbongi

Ngo-1955, imbongi UMargarita Aliger bahlanganyela ekwakheni "Literary eMoscow" - okubizwa ngokuthi ncibilika lwencwadi, wayeyilungu we-Union of Abalobi RSFSR futhi i-USSR.

Eminyakeni 60-70, imbongi waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe tetemibhalo, imisebenzi yakhe njalo eshicilelwe, Margaret wahambela amazwe amaningi futhi wabhala umjikelezo izinkondlo ezifana "Amanothi Japanese", "imihlangano emibili", "Spain edabukisayo", "Kusukela-Notebook French" "Italy umphefumulo wami", "Poems ekude," "Buyela eChile." Ngonyaka th-70 Yavela-ke eyokuqala imiqulu emibili, okhiphe tinkondlo poems Margarity Aliger, ngo-1984 - iqoqo emithathu ivolumu imisebenzi.

UMargarita Aliger, Umlando womuntu ophilako isithakazelo esiqotho isizukulwane samanje, ofuna uthinte esidlule lempi, wafa Agasti 1, 1992 endaweni yase-villa engozini: wawa emseleni ezijulile. Poet wangcwatshwa emathuneni e Peredelkino eduze namadodakazi abo.