Ulwandle olukhulu kakhulu emhlabeni

Kuze kube ngu-1513, abantu babengazi ukuthi ulwandle lukhulu kangakanani. Umgibeli waseSpain uVasco Nunez de Balboa wayenenhlanhla ukuba abe ngowokuqala ukubona ama-expanses amakhulu amanzi. Ulwandle olukhulu kunazo zonke lwabizwa ngokuthi i-Great Ocean. Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa kamuva, ngo-1520, u-seafarer wasePortugal uFernand Magellan wenza uhambo olujikelezayo. Siyabonga kuye kwaziwa ngezinga elivela e-Atlantic kuya elwandle elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni - Ukuthula.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, cishe akekho owakwazi ukuhlala eziqhingini ezingaseningizimu. Kodwa ulwandle olukhulu kunazo zonke (futhi manje) luphawu olubalulekile lweqhinga. Yingakho amakholomu anqoba lezi ziqhingi ikakhulukazi. Kusukela ekucabangeni, namuhla izizwe zomhlaba zizama ukugcina izikhundla zazo endaweni yePacific. Ngakho-ke, iMelika inayo i- Mariana Islands, kanye neziqhingi zaseHawaii nasePalau. I-Russia iyingxenye yeziQhingi zase-Kurile, eFrance - eNew Caledonia, e-Futuna nase-Wallis Islands, eFrench Polynesia. Ezinye zezindawo iBrithani ezithandayo ziphenduke izizinda zasempi.

Ulwandle olukhulu kunazo zonke i-Atlantic kabili. Eduze nasemaphethelweni ase-continent, indawo yalo yamanzi ihlukaniswe ngamanzi. Ngakho-ke, eduze komhlaba ogwini oluseningizimu-ntshonalanga neMpumalanga Asia Selebes naseBanda, amaJapane, aMaSwaya, aseSouth-China namaLwandle aseningizimu asungulwa. Ulwandle lwase-Okhotsk lwakhiwe ogwini lwaseKamchatka , phezulu phezulu (enyakatho) - iBeringovo.

Esikhathini samanzi amanzi asePacific kukhona okujulile emagodini aseLwandle omhlaba. Ngakho, isibonelo, iMariana inamamitha ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye namashumi ayisithupha nambili. Insimu lapho ulwandle olukhulu kunayo luhlanganisa izinkulungwane zeziqhingi ezihlakazekile ezihlukaniswe ngokomzimba zibe yizigaba ezimbili. Iqembu lokuqala lihlanganisa iziqhingi zentaba-mlilo (eJapane, eHawaii, isibonelo). Iziqhingi ezincane zase-Kurile nase- Aleutian zakha "ibhande elivuthayo" enyakatho yendawo yamanzi. Isigaba sesibili sihlanganisa imifula ye-coral. Zitholakala eceleni kwe-equator. Ukubukeka kweziqhingi zase-coral kungenxa yomsebenzi we-polyps.

Indawo yolwandle enkulu kakhulu cishe ngamakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwegagasi, okuqoshwe ngokusemthethweni, ngamamitha angamashumi amathathu nane. Umthamo wamanzi e-Pacific Ocean ungaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ayisikhombisa namashumi amabili.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umhlaba wesilwane nesitshalo samanzi uthuthukile kahle. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kuphawulwe phakathi kwamazwe ase-Australia nase-Asia. Lapha, izindawo ezinkulu kakhulu zakhiwa izigodi zamakhorali, kanye nama-mangrove. Emanzini angajulile, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30 zezitshalo zezimbali kanye nezilwanyana ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine ezihlukene. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ngisho neziqhwaga zangempela, okuphakama kwazo cishe ngamamitha amabili.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili zezinhlanzi ungabona abameleli basendulo, abatholakali kwamanye amanzi. Emanzini asePacific ngokuvamile kutholakala abamele imfuyo. Isibonelo, lapha uhlala tridakna - i-bivalve mollusk enkulu. Isisindo sawo sifike ngamakhilogremu amathathu. Ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nama-oysters amakhulu.

Cishe amaphesenti angamashumi ayisithupha okudoba umhlaba wezinhlanzi awehlela ePacific Ocean. Phakathi kwalezi zentengiselwano kunezembe, i-salmon, i-cod, i-perch, namakhemikhali. E-Pacific Ocean, ama-invertebrates (ama-mollusks, ama-oysters, ama-crabs), izilwane ezincelisayo (izidalwa zamademoni, izilwane zasolwandle), izitshalo (iklabishi yasolwandle, isibonelo) ziyagcinwa. Ngaphansi kwezinto ezinkulu zokulondoloza amaminerali asetshenziswayo. Tin, amafutha, igesi, ithusi, i-nickel, i-cobalt, njll.

Okungabalulekile kakhulu umzila wokuhamba, ogijima endaweni yomanzi futhi uxhuma amazwe ahlukahlukene kakhulu, kuhlanganise neRussia, eChina, eTaiwan, e-United States, eJapane, eCanada nakwabanye.