Ukuvakasha kweChina: ukuthuthukiswa, izindawo ezidumile

I-Celestial! Yilokho leli zwe elihle kakhulu elibizwa ngokuthi, eliyaziwa ngamasiko alo amakhulu, ubuhle obuhle bemithombo yemvelo, enye yezinto ezimangalisayo zomhlaba - i-Great Wall yaseChina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli zwe liyaziwa wonke umuntu njengelikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ngokubambisana kwabantu. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1! Ngokwemvelo, ukuvakasha eChina kuyinto igatsha elikhulu lomnotho, futhi selifinyelele izinga elikhethekile lentuthuko eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Ngokusho kwenani labavakashi abavakashela uMbuso Wasezulwini (cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-60 ngonyaka), lo mbuso wase-Asia uyingxenye yesithathu emhlabeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hhayi kuphela ukuvakashelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe eChina, kodwa nokuvakasha kwekhaya. Ngonyaka, izakhamizi zezwe, ezingenqamuli imingcele yombuso wazo, zenza izinkathi zokuvakashelwa ezingaphezu kuka-1.5 billion.

Incazelo jikelele

I-China yanamuhla ngokungangabazeki izwe elithuthukile. Lapha, amagatsha anjalo womnotho kazwelonke njengokuhweba, ukwakhiwa, izinsizakalo, imithi, isiko, izindawo ezihlukahlukene zebhizinisi, kufaka phakathi ihotela, zithuthuka ngokuphumelelayo futhi kancane kancane, ezenza ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha eChina. Njalo ngonyaka izithakazelo zabahambi baseRussia kuleli zwe eliyingqayizivele ziyanda. Futhi ludonsela kokubili i-hotbed of culture, futhi njengendawo yokudoba, futhi njengezwe lapho ungahlangana khona nokuphumula noma ukwelashwa. Ngelinye igama, ukuvakasha phakathi kweRussia neChina kuyaqhubeka njalo ngonyaka, okuyiqiniso, okuzuzisa kokubili iqembu leyesibili. I-China eminingi idonsela inqwaba yamaholide amazwe ahlabayo, ahlukaniswa nemikhuba yabo ebalabala futhi yasekuqaleni, ngaphandle kwalokho, umuntu angazicwilisa ngokuphelele emlandweni futhi abe phambili phambili empucuko yabantu.

Izimfihlakalo zaseChina

Ukubambisana kweRussia neChina ekuvakatheni kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukuthi abalingani bethu bavame ukuheha izikhombisi-ndlela, ezivezwa ngokungaqondakali kwazo. Izinto zokuvakasha zoMbuso Wasezulwini ziyingxenye yalesi sigaba. Futhi ngokuvamile, eRussia, eChina iyizwe elingavamile kakhulu. Sonke siyamangala ngokuzikhandla kwabo, ububanzi bemicabango yabo, kahle, nokuchichima kwazo zonke izinto, kusukela ezitolo zokuthenga kuya ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokuzijabulisa kanye namapaki amahle nobuhle. Uma ufika lapha, uba umlutha futhi ufisa ukubuya ngokuphindaphindiwe. Lokhu, kungenzeka ukuthi yimfihlo yempumelelo yezokuvakasha zaseChina.

Imvelaphi yemboni yezokuvakasha

Endaweni ethile phakathi nekhulu lama-20, i-international ejensi yokuhamba yasungulwa kuleli zwe - okokuqala enhloko-dolobha, bese kuthi emizini emikhulu engu-14. Lokhu kwakugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha e-People's Republic of China. Ngemva kweminyaka engaba ngu-15, iBhodi Yezokuvakasha yasungulwa naseBeijing, futhi kwakungokwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, kwaze kwaba ngo-1978, lapho izinguquko ziqala e-PRC, futhi inqubomgomo yokuvuleka yaqala ukusebenza, le mboni ayizange ikhule kakhulu. Kuphela emva kwalokho, ukuvakasha kweChina kwafinyelela esigabeni sokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo nokuqhubekayo. Futhi ngo-1999 isibalo sabantu abafika eMbusweni WaseMbindi bafinyelela kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-63.4. Futhi namuhla leli zwe liyisikhungo esihamba phambili sezokuvakasha saseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, futhi esilinganisweni somhlaba sisendaweni yesithupha.

Izikhangibavakashi

Isikhathi esidlule esingumlando esashiya i-China sinombalwa omkhulu wezikhumbuzo zomlando, futhi phakathi kwazo i-Great Wall yaseChina isendaweni yokuqala. Zijincheng - "Idolobha elingavunyelwe" liyathandwa kakhulu. Abathandi bendalo bemvelo balinde ukuhamba ngezindawo ezidumile zepaki ze-Ikeyuan neBehai. Abathandi bamathafa asezintabeni bahambela izintaba zase-Xiangshan futhi bakhuphukela ethempelini laseZulwini. Kunezinto eziningi zokubheka ezakhiweni ezweni elimangaza umcabango wabakhi bokudala. Kubalandeli besikhathi esidala futhi ikakhulukazi curious kuyoba khona njalo museum ezithakazelisayo lapho ungajwayele umlando isiko Chinese. Ukuvakasha, ukuphumula ezindaweni zokubhuka, uhlelo lohambo lwe-excursion - ama-view of the development of the economy of the country. Yingakho njalo ngonyaka e-China kunezinto eziningi ezahlukene ezihilelekile ebhizinisini lokuvakasha. Noma kunjalo, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibaluleke kakhulu ezweni lonke yiThempeli laseZulwini, iPark of Nationalities, i-Imperial Tomb, i-Peking Okenarium, i-Garden Botanical ne-Zoo, nabanye.

Umlando omncane

I-China inezinhloko eziyisithupha zasendulo: i-Xian, i-Nanjing, i-Luoyang, i-Kaifeng, i-Beijing ne-Hangzhou. Ocebile kunayo yonke indawo yokubuka yomlando yiyokuqala, okungukuthi, i-Xian. Akuyona kuphela indala kunazo zonke eMbusweni waseCelestial, kodwa futhi enye yezihloko ezine ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni. Emzini kunezinto eziningi ezikhangayo okuthiwa "isimangaliso sesishiyagalombili sezwe", isibonelo, isibalo samasosha aseThun Shihuana. Zenziwe nge-terracotta. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngesikhathi sokumba, kwavela izibalo ezingaphezu kuka-6 000. Futhi lokhu okutholwa kubhekwa njengenhlangano enkulu kakhulu ekhulwini lama-20. Izizinda ezisele zendawo yakudala yaseShayina nazo zinezinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo futhi ziyakhathalela kakhulu izivakashi. Ukuba ngumkhuhlane weplanethi yethu, izwe laseChina liyimfihlakalo. Indaba yakhe yaqala esikhathini esidlule, kodwa iveli le-atiny laqala ukuphakanyiswa. Ngemva kokuphela kwempi neBrithani, ngo-1840, izwe laphinde laqala ukukhuluma ngeChina. Ngaleso sikhathi uHong Kong wadluliselwa ngaphansi kokubusa koMbuso waseNgilandi. Khona-ke uMbuso Wezasezulwini wawela ngaphansi kwethonya lekamu lezenhlalakahle futhi waba izwe elivaliwe.

Ukuvakasha kwe-China Namuhla

Okwamanje, leli zwe lithuthukisa okuqukethwe kanye nezinhlobo zebhizinisi lezokuvakasha, kanye nekhwalithi yesevisi enikezwe izivakashi. Kwakukhona isikhathi lapho iningi labafuduki eMbusweni WaseCelestial laliyiShayina lobuhlanga eziqhingini ze-capitalist eTaiwan naseHong Kong. Lokhu kwenzeka emva kokuqaliswa kwenqubomgomo "yomnyango ovulekile". Futhi amaShayina, azitholela ngaphesheya kwe-Iron Curtain, eziqhingini ezazingaphansi kokulawulwa kweBrithani, zazifuna ukuvakashela izwe lawo lomlando. Kwakungenxa yezidingo zabo amahhotela amasha akhiwa. Abaningi babo bavuselelwa namuhla ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zanamuhla. Namuhla, iChina njengendawo yokuvakasha iye yathandwa izakhamizi zaseBrithani, i-United States, iJapane, njll. Futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuvakasha kweRussia. I-China idonsela izakhamizi zethu njengezwe lapho ungenza khona ukuyothenga okuningi, futhi konke ngaphandle kokuhlukile. Kodwa-ke, kunezivakashi eziningi eziya e-China ukuze ziqonde zonke izinto zomlando, zemvelo nezinye izinto zaleli zwe elisempumalanga. Ngendlela, njalo ngonyaka, ukuzithokozisa okwengeziwe nokuya ezindaweni ezihlala olwandle zaseChina. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kuhlinzekwa ngokukhulisa ingqalasizinda yezokuvakasha nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamasevisi anikeziwe.

Izinguquko

Izinguquko ezihlukahlukene ezenzeka eChina ekuqaleni kweminyaka engu-80, zathonya ukukhula kwemakethe yezokuvakasha kulelizwe. Futhi nokho, kwakungenxa yokuziphendukela kwezepolitiki ku-PRC okwakuthonya ngqo ekuthuthukiseni leli gatsha elibalulekile lomnotho kazwelonke. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, inani lezindawo zokuvakasha liye landa minyaka yonke. Ngo-1986, imizi engu-274 yamaShayina yayifakwe ezindleleni zokuvakasha.

Izindawo ezidumile

Okuthandwa kakhulu yizindawo ezisenyakatho-empumalanga nasenhlabeni yeChina. Kulapha ukuthi izikhangisi zayo eziyinhloko zigxilwe. Kodwa-ke, ingxenye engeningizimu yezwe inabalandeli bayo. Lapha, imvelo enhle kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuvakasha kwebhishi ngeke kuphele ngaphandle kwefashini. Iziqhingi eziseduze nodolobha zizohlala ziheha izakhamuzi zamanye amazwe.

Iziqhingi

O. Hong Kong iyakhambela izivakashi ngokuyinhloko kusukela ekubukeni kokuhweba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthenga okukhulu kungahlanganiswa nokuzijabulisa okucebile, ikakhulukazi okuthiwa ubusuku. Iphethe imikhosi ehlukahlukene, izintandokazi, izingqungquthela, imincintiswano yama-equestrian, njll Enye insimu ethandwayo yaseShayina i-Macao, eyaze ibe yi-colony yasePutukezi kuze kube yilokho kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21 yaya e-PRC. I-Macau iseduze nenhlonipho yaseMacau naseziqhingini zikaTaipa noColoane. Kungcono kakhulu ukufika lapha kusuka eHong Kong. Ngendlela, le ndawo iyathandwa kakhulu kubantu bendawo futhi iyisikhungo sokuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha zasekhaya. Namuhla le ndawo ibhekene nezimbali zangempela, njengoba izwe liye landa inani lamaholide nezinsuku.

Ukuvakasha kwezokwelapha eChina

Ubani ongazi ngamaphilisi odumile eMbusweni ophakathi? Kuze kube manje, kwabesosayensi abaningi baseYurophu, umphumela wezokwelapha waseShayina uhlala ungagculwanga. Ngokwemvelo, kulokhu, abantu bezinye izizwe bacabanga ukuthi iChina iyindawo enhle kakhulu yokuvakasha kwezokwelapha. Eqinisweni, kunemitholampilo eminingi yezempilo, kanye nezikhungo zokwelashwa okunye, okuhlinzeka izivakashi ngenqubo enkulu yokubuyisela, yokuphucula impilo, yokuvimbela kanye nokuvuselela ngamanani aphansi. Ngendlela, iziguli eziningi zaseShayina zithemba odokotela baseShayina, okuyinto iChina yithemba lokugcina lokulondoloza. Izikhungo zezokwelapha e-China aziveleli kuphela abasebenzi abasebenza kahle bezokwelapha, kodwa futhi nobuchwepheshe obuhle kakhulu bobuchwepheshe, ngenxa yokuthi akunakwenzeka. Mayelana nalokhu, uMbuso Wasezulwini ubuye ujabulise izivakashi zaseRussia, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu ecabanga ukuthi ngezidingo zabo emitholampilo yezokwelapha zendawo kukhona izikhulu ezikhuluma isiRussia noma abahumushi, okubaluleke kakhulu uma kuziwa empilweni.