Sulaimaniye - mosque e-Istanbul: umlando, isithombe

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iTurkey isibe yindawo yezokuvakasha kunazo zonke eRussia. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba kuleli zwe lihlanganisa ngokuyisimangaliso ubuchwepheshe besimanje nobunikazi, kwandiswe ngemisebenzi enhle kakhulu kanye nengqalasizinda ethuthukile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunezindawo kule ndawo yamaSulumane, okumele kukhulunywe ngokuhlukile. Iphuzu elilodwa lokuhamba ngezinyawo nguSyleymaniye - umsikashika e-Istanbul. Mayelana nalo futhi ukhulume ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko.

Ulwazi olufushane

Umsikathi waseSylymaniye e-Istanbul, owawunomlando ngemva kwekhulu leminyaka, wamiswa esikhathini esukela ku-1550 kuya ku-1557 ngaphansi kokuqondiswa komdwebi wenkathi yeSinan. Imibhalo yesandla esidala isinika ulwazi ukuthi abasebenzi abangu-3 523 bakha lesi sakhiwo senkolo, iningi lawo lalingamaSulumane athembekile. Ngenkathi yokwakhiwa, imali engu-96 360 yegolide kanye nezinhlamvu zesiliva ezingaba ngu-83 000 zasetshenziswa. Wonke amatshe ayigugu namakholomu aseMosque ayelethwa ezigabeni ezihlukene zoMbuso omkhulu wase-Ottoman. Ukwakhiwa komhlangano wamaSulumane uSultan Suleiman Omkhulu owayala ukuba aqale ngonyaka wama-30 wokuhlala kwakhe esihlalweni sobukhosi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ekuqaleni kwendawo yokubukwa komklami, lesi sakhiwo seMoslem kufanele sibe sesithempelini likaSt. Sophia, kodwa ukuba sisidlule ngobukhulu nobuhle bomhlobiso. Ngosuku lokuvulwa kweMosque, ngemva kokuqedwa kwesakhiwo, lo mdwebi wathi inkulumo yomlando: "Le mosque izokuma phakade!"

Scandal

Ngenxa yokuthi ukwakhiwa kwalo mhlangano wamaSulumane kwaphela iminyaka eyisikhombisa, i-sultan yayingajabuli kakhulu futhi inomsindo. Futhi ikakhulukazi wayethukuthele lapho ethunyelwa ibhokisi lesipho eligcwele ubucwebe. Isipho, ngendlela, sasivela esitheni sakhe esibi kakhulu, i-Persian khan. Ngolwazi lwama- diplomacy, kwakuyiqhinga eliqaphile lokuthi umbusi waseTurkey wayempofu kakhulu futhi ebuthakathaka kangangokuba wayengenakuqedela umkhosi wamaSulumane. Ethukuthele, le sultan yanikeza izivakashi eziningi emaridini nemadayimane emakethe. Ngemuva kwalokho, akekho oye wazama ukuthukuthela umbusi ngale ndlela.

Ukubuyiselwa

Ngeshwa, ngo-1660 uSyleymaniye (umkhosi wama-mosque e-Istanbul, owubamba izinkulungwane zezinkampani ezivela emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka) wawubhujiswe ngomlilo oqine kakhulu. Kodwa umbusi waseTurkey uMehmed IV wakhipha umyalo wokubuyisela isikhumbuzo semlando nesokwenkolo. Inqubo yokubuyiselwa yayiholwa indoda okuthiwa nguFossati. Wenze izinguquko ezithile ekubukeni kwesakhiwo, esinikeza izici zesici se-European Baroque.

Ekhulwini le-XIX, uMosque waseSyleymaniye e-Istanbul, isithombe esinikezwe ngezansi, saqala ukubukeka kwasekuqaleni. Nokho, phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, igceke le-shrine yamaSulumane lalisetshenziswa njengendawo enkulu yokugcinwa kwezikhali nezinhlamvu. Ngomzuzwana othile, konke lokhu kwaqhuma, futhi omunye umlilo wenziwa. Umsebenzi wokubuyisela emuva kwalokhu okuphuthumayo kwaqedwa ngo-1956 kuphela. Ukulungiswa kokugcina kwenziwa ngo-2010.

Ukubukeka

I-Sulaimaniye iyi-mosque e-Istanbul, ebuka iPhondo legolide. Kubekwa kahle phakathi kwezinto ezithinta kakhulu ze-capital yaseTurkey. Ithempeli lamaSulumane lifana kakhulu neCathhedral yaseSt. Sophia. Umsikashika utholakala emagqumeni ayisikhombisa adumile ase-Istanbul. Ubukhulu besakhiwo buyamangalisa:

• Ubude bungamamitha angu-59.
• Ububanzi bungamamitha angu-58.
• Ukuphakama kwedome elikhulu ngamamitha angu-53.
• Ubuningi bomdabu oyinhloko ngamamitha angu-27.

Faka i-Suleymaniye Mosque (ithuna likaRoksolana nalo lilapha, eduze kwamathuna eSultan nendodakazi yabo uMikhrimah) ingaba ngeminyango emithathu. Omunye wabo usekuhlangothini legceke, kanti amabili asele - kusukela egcekeni.

Ngiseduze nodonga olusenyakatho lwamaSulumane ungathola ithuna likaSinan, elakhiwe futhi lakhiwe nguye. Kukhona futhi indawo yokudlela ethandwayo egcekeni lethempeli. Igama layo linguDaruzziyafe. Amanani kuwo angeke abizwe ngokuthi ashibhile, kodwa izinga lokudla kanye nokukhethwa okuningi kwezingubo kungagcwalisa izidingo zemikhosi eminingi.

Umkhathi wonke wesakhiwo senkolo yamaSulumane wawuzungezwe ngamabhentshi ezitolo ezakhiwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nesakhiwo. Ngendlela, ezinsukwini zikaSuliman ngokwakhe, i-opium yayithengiswa ngokukhululekile kulezi zitolo. Namuhla ungathenga amaswidi amaningi nemikhumbuzo, kodwa i-ayisikhilimu, i-baklava nama-chestnuts abusiwe athandwa kakhulu.

Umklamo wangaphakathi

Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuhle, umongo wama-mosque unendawo yangaphakathi encane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi nokubhalwa kwemibhalo kuyisimangaliso esiyiqiniso.

Ngaphansi kwethempeli lamaSulumane kukhona amaphepheni, futhi akuwona amancane amancane amashadi amancane akhanya kancane futhi anikeze umqondo omuhle izivakashi mayelana nesikhathi lapho konke kukhishwa ngamakhandlela, inani laso lingase lifinyelele ku-4000. Ihholo lesakhiwo linamacici amakhulu kakhulu futhi lihlotshiswe ngamaphethini ahlukahlukene ahlobisa, Amaphethini weJomethri, imibhalo evela ku-Koran.

Futhi ngaphakathi kukhona amakholomu amane amakhulu amakhulu. Omunye wabaphathi wayevela eBalbek, owesibili - evela e-Aleksandria, kanti amabili asele awela emasikeni kusukela ezindlini zezindlunkulu zenhloko yezwe laseByzantine. Ekamelweni kukhona ukuvula amafasitela angu-138, lapho ilanga lingena khona ngaphakathi. Uma kunesidingo, ungakwazi ukukhanyisa izibani zamafutha, okuyinto ekutsheni ukushisa emit carbon black, okuyinto kamuva asetshenziselwa ukulungiselela inki.

Ngaphezulu kwehholo eliphakathi kwesakhiwo yidome, ehleli emineyini emine. Izitini ezincane kakhulu ezilula zazisetshenziselwa lo mklamo.

Amaqiniso anentshisekelo

I-minarets amane iwuphawu lokuthi uSleiman wayengumbusi wesine wase-Istanbul, futhi amabhaluni ayishumi afanekisela indawo yakhe enzalweni yakhe.

Kufanele futhi siqonde ukuthi amazwe aseMuslim anezici zawo siqu, ngisho neTurkey. I-Suleymaniye Mosque iyisibonelo esihle kulokhu. Ngaphakathi kuyo kukhona amakamelo akhethwe ngabesifazane, okwakhiwe ngendlela yegalari.

Ibheji lokugeza elisezweni lendawo yama-mosque lisasebenza nanamuhla. Hlaziya futhi uchithe isikhathi kuwo ngama-euro angu-35. Ukugeza kuhlanganisiwe, futhi imibhangqwana kuphela evunyelwe kuyo, umnyango ofanayo uvaliwe.

Ngo-1985, umkhosi wama-mosque wawufakwe ohlwini lwamagugu amasiko we-UNESCO, ngakho-ke kuphethwe ngumthetho wamazwe omhlaba.

Amandla namandla

I-Sulaimaniye - i-mosque e-Istanbul - yakhiwa ngokusebenzisa izitini ezazixhunyaniswe nomunye usebenzisa izinsimbi zensimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, konke lokhu kwakunamanzi amaningi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukwakha indlu engcwele yamaSulumane kunamandla kakhulu futhi kuqinile. Futhi akulona amazwi nje, naphezu kwakho konke, umkhosi wama-mosque wakwazi ukusinda ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla kakhulu ngaphandle kokulimaza. Ngokuvamile, kuwo wonke umlando wethempeli, kube khona izinhlekelele zemvelo ezingu-89.

Izici

Indawo yesibili ekhona e-Istanbul namuhla ihlala eSyleymaniye Mosque. Ithuna likaRoksolana neSleiman ladlala indima ebalulekile kulokhu. Into yokuthi la madoda amabili amakhulu angcwatshwa endaweni yelithempeli. Futhi amathuna abo yiwona msebenzi wangempela wobuciko, ukubheka ukuthi iziphi izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba zifika. Umuntu akakwazi ukungazinaki lezi zici zobunqamulajuqu:

• Izakhiwo zethempelini zifaniswa nobukhulu bendawo yokuhlala edolobheni. Ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esikhulu kungenzeka kube nabantu abayi-10 000 ngesikhathi.
• Ngaphakathi kwe-mosque kukhona inkundla eyakhelwe ngokukhethekile lapho uSultan Suleiman ezinikela khona ekukhulekeleni, engafihla izikhonzi zakhe ngesikhathi esifanayo.
• Ama-acoustics amahle kakhulu esakhiweni ngenxa yokutholakala kwezitini eziyizi 256 ezingamanzi, ubukhulu obungama-45 x 16 amasentimitha. Yibo abadlala indima yama-resonators, ngenxa yokuthi izwi le-imam lizwakala kahle kuzo zonke izikhombisi-ndlela.
• Ukukhanyisa amakhandlela emasikeni akudala ukusila.

Imithetho yokuvakasha

Umuntu ofuna ukungena ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo somlando nezenkolo kufanele ahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile, okungukuthi:

• Kuvinjelwe ngokuqinile ukungena emasikisini e-T-shirts, ama-shorts.
• Akuvumelekile ukungena e-shrine ngezicathulo, kufanele kususwe futhi kushiwe eduze komnyango noma kuthathwe ezandleni zephakheji.
• Owesifazane kumele aveze ikhanda lakhe kanye nezingalo zakhe.
• Ifoni ephathekayo kufanele ivaliwe.
• Awukwazi ukwenza umsindo, uziphathe ngokungapheli ethempelini.
• Indoda ayinqatshelwe ukudlula engxenyeni yesifazane, evame ukufakwa nge-lattice ekhethekile eqoshiwe.
• Ukudubula kwevidiyo nokuthatha izithombe eziseMosque kuvunyelwe, kodwa kunqatshelwe ukukhipha abantu abathandazayo, kanye nabantu abasendaweni yokungcola ngaphambi kokuba bangene ethempelini.
• Ukungena kwe-Muslim Cathedral kuyinto yamahhala, kodwa noma yimiphi iminikelo yokuzithandela iyokwaziswa kakhulu.
• Masinyane ngesikhathi sokuthandaza - imisebenzi yokukhulekela yamaSulumane - ukungena kwabakhenkethi emasikeni kuvaliwe.

Imodi yokusebenza

Abalandeli abaningi bechungechunge elithi "Ubudala obuhle kakhulu" bangathanda ukubona ngamehlo abo iThe Topkapi Palace, i-Suleymaniye Mosque ethuneni likaRoksolana neSuliman. Izithombe zalezi zinto azihle zihle, kodwa azivumeli ukuba zifinyelele ngokugcwele emkhathini waleso sikhathi. Uma unethuba, qiniseka ukuthi uvakashela lezi zikhangayo. I-mosque isebenza kulolu hlelo olulandelayo:

• Kusukela ngoLwesibili kuya ngoMgqibelo - kusukela ngo-9: 00 kuya ku-17: 30.
• NgoMsombuluko noLwesihlanu - ithempeli livaliwe.

Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuvakashela abavakashela e-shrine sisukela ngo-9: 00 kuya ku-12: 30, kusukela ngo-13: 45 kuya ku-15: 45.

Indawo:

I-Suleymaniye Mosque, ikheli layo elinikezwe kulesi sihloko, liyinkimbinkimbi enkulu ehlanganisa ikhishi labaphanzi, isibhedlela, i-infirmary, izikole eziyisithupha, ikhaya labahlanya, i-madrassa.

Ithempeli lamaSulumane lisendaweni yase-Istanbul ebizwa nge-Eminenu, okuyinto ehamba ngamakhilomitha angu-20 ukusuka e-Ataturk Airport.

Labo abafuna ukubona umkhokotshi kuqala kudingeka bafike endaweni ecacisiwe, bese bekhuphuka intaba, ngokufanayo babona i-Egypt bazaar kanye neRustem Pasha Mosque. Ungaphinde uthathe i-tram ekungeneni okuyinhloko eYunivesithi yase-İstanbul Üniversitesi, bese uhamba cishe ngamamitha angu-500, uqaqa lesi sakhiwo ngakwesokudla.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi alukho uhlobo olulodwa lwezokuthutha zomphakathi olusondela emasikini ngokuqondile, ngakho-ke ingxenye ethile yomzila izobe isadingeka ihambe (cishe imizuzu emi-5-10).

Ikheli eliqondile le-mosque kanje: Süleymaniye Mah., Prof. I-Sıddık Sami Onar cad. . Cha: 1, 34116 Fatih / İstanbul .

Okubili

E-Turkey kukhona enye i-Mosley Suleymaniye. I-Alanya yidolobha lapho lesi sakhiwo sasendulo samaSulumane esendulo sitholakala khona. UMosque wasungulwa ngo-1231 ngomyalelo wesinqumo ngaleso sikhathi u-Aladdin Keykubat. Nokho, ngemva kwesikhashana isakhiwo saqala ukuwohloka futhi ekugcineni sawa. Kodwa ngekhulu le-16 uSultan the Lawgiver waphefumulela impilo yesibili emasikeni. Ithempeli lathola i-minaret eyodwa. Isakhiwo esifanayo sinomumo wesigcawu, futhi zonke izakhi zokhuni zihlotshiswe ngemidwebo emihle. I-dome eyinhloko ye-mosque ihlotshiswe ngendlela ye-hemisphere futhi igwetshwe ngombala oluhlaza obumnyama.

Le ndawo engcwele yamaSulumane iyathandeka kakhulu ngoba inesici esihlukile. Abaqambi bezo zikhathi babefuna ukuba nama-acoustics amahle kakhulu ekwakheni, ngakho-ke baqaphele umqondo wokuthi bangena emcimbini omncane, owawuhlanganisa ukubeka amabhola amancane angu-15 phansi kwesigodlo se-mosque.

Ngaphezu kwesonto, egcekeni le-mosque kukhona isigodlo, isakhiwo sesikole nezakhiwo zezempi. Futhi esiseduze, entabeni, yinqaba yaseByzantine, futhi iyindawo ephawulekayo, hhayi nje ngo-Alanya uqobo, kodwa lonke le-Turkey.