Ukukhohliseka Inhloso kaPlato nendima yakhe ukuthuthukiswa inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ulwazi

UPlato kwakukhona umfundi we esikweyoku-Greek zasendulo ezingamaGreki uSocrates ifilosofi yakhe Kwangithatha othisha. Kugcine shayela ayo indlela yolwazi maevtikoy ukuthi kungenziwa cishe elihunyushwa ngokuthi "zokubelethisa". Udokotela kusiza unina ukuba azale ingane. Ingane isivele kwakhiwa, ngokushesha umbelethisi kunomthelela yokuthi wazalwa kuphela. Lapho isetshenziswa ulwazi, on-site izinyane ukhuluma iqiniso, okuyinto thina aziwa kusengaphambili, ngoba - livela ezweni imibono. Kodwa ngoba umphefumulo wethu kuthonywa ingqondo impahla, udinga ukuphoqa - futhi imibuzo eholela empendulweni mudretsa- "Umbelethisi" ukuba nengqondo yomuntu "owazala", futhi empeleni wakhumbula ukuthi kwakuvele kwaziwa ngaphambili. ukukhohliseka Inhloso kaPlato kusekelwe yokucabanga imfundiso maevtiki futhi ithuthukisa ke.

Okokuqala, isazi sefilosofi lizokwenza isifundiso angunaphakade eyinhloko ngokuphathelene kulomhlaba embusweni imibono, izinhlangano. Ngaphambi kokuba ungibulale, isibonelo, itafula, okuyinhloko kakade ayicabangayo umbono izinto ezithile, ukuba a surface flat ovundlile, ezinde ngaphezu komhlabathi. Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni into okumele uyenze master (izinyonga, ezincane, ezinkulu, elula kahle obunamaparele, enezinyawo ezine noma kwenye). Into esemqoka ukuthi: Yilowo nalowo obuka ngale ndaba, wathi kungenjongo - itafula, kulokukhanya, amphora, njll Okungukuthi, abangabantwana ukukhohliseka umgomo kaPlato eqala igunya imibono ezintweni ezithile.

Ngo isimo sezintaba izwe uhlala kuze kube phakade. Ziyakwazi khona ngaphambi kokuthola inkulumo kule ndaba amorphous, babe izinto, futhi ngemva kwalezi zinto umdala futhi ziwohloke, awela la mavangeli. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sicabange ukuthi okushiwo iPod noma a enuzi ngokuhlakaza yayikhona ngaphambi abaqambi babo, ukukhohliseka umgomo kaPlato uthi linje: "Eidos", ngokuyisisekelo nje ehlanganiswe lapho siba "ukulungele abelethe" kubo. Ngakho-ke, kukhona umgomo, asicekeleki futhi bessmetny ngenkathi izinto - kuphela emanation, asiphelele futhi isithunzi okonakalayo we ngokoqobo kweqiniso.

Le ndoda, ngokuvumelana uPlato kokuba banemizwa engqubuzanayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umzimba wakhe kuyingxenye kulomhlaba, futhi ngakolunye, kuba - isihloko futhi ngokuyisisekelo okungokomoya kuvela indawo ephakeme. Ukubheka into, thina, okokuqala kunakho konke, ugxilise engqondweni yakhe "Eidos". Kubuka amakati amabili, kanti nengqondo yomuntu ngokushesha ubamba ziyezwana yabo (naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi omunye - amancane amnyama, kanti eyesibili - a esikhulu, obomvu, futhi bebonke, hhayi insikazi, kanti ikati). Ngo izingqondo zethu, njengoba ukukhohliseka umgomo kaPlato, kulondeke amafomu kanye imiqondo ngawo abantu sebazisa izindlela ezibalulekile phakathi mass disparate lezinto eziphathekako.

Platonism wathola abalandeli bayo ifilosofi kanye imfundiso yokuziphendukela ulwazi hhayi kuphela izwe lasendulo, kodwa futhi Ephakathi futhi ngisho nanamuhla. indlela Sensual yokuqonda uPlato kubhekwe kulomhlaba inauthentic, ngoba bezibona emizweni ethile akuzona izinto usinika essence yayo. Ijaji into esekelwe emibonweni, kunjani izimpumputhe uzizwa indlovu, noyedwa owayethi lokhu ikholomu, kwesibili - ukuthi hose, eyesithathu - ukuthi udonga anolaka. Udinga bavela jikelele kuya ethile, futhi le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi imali ebanjwayo. Ngakho-ke ukukhohliseka ifilosofi kusikisela unguMoya eyinhloko qamba kulomhlaba ebonakalayo, okungukuthi uhlobo jikelele, ukudala ukhonkolo.

Ngakho, ulwazi lweqiniso - lena umsebenzi nge imibono. Ukuphathwa kanye nezinhlangano nokumiswa ubudlelwano phakathi kwawo kucatsanisa Isifaniso ibizwa ngokuthi "dialectic." UPlato wasebenzisa umfanekiso indoda ehlezi phambi udonga nokubuka ukuthi umuntu ephethe emva kwakhe ezinye izinto. Uzama ithunzi waphonsa phezu kodonga, ukuqagela ukuthi kuyini. Lona ulwazi lwethu. Isazi sefilosofi akholelwa ukuthi umhlaba ezibonakalayo, izinto ezingelona iqiniso, ukuthi zinjalo 'nomthunzi' we okushiwo, nomongo lapho ibhizinisi komculo, phendulela it. Kungcono ukuba baqonde umqondo phakade, kodwa iso ongabonakali imibono kuka esekelwe cwaningo lezinto ngabanye. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yonke sefilosofi idealist kuyinto (e umphakathi ozibheka) ikude ngokoqobo yomuntu kweqiniso, phezulu emhlabeni fantasies zabo.