Ukujoyina eCrimea Russia ngo-2014: bekunjani?

Akukho esingakwenza ngeziningi zezinguquko eziye zenzeka emhlabeni ngo-2014. Ukuze umuntu zidlulile kungaqashelwa, kanti abanye babelungisa ukudla nje amaningi okuthi ukufunda izindaba, ukuba abe impi yezwe yesithathu.

Ukuze labantu eCrimea, kuningi osekushintshile kulo nyaka. "I nhlonhlo eCrimea futhi Sevastopol idolobha wathuthela Russian Federation", - ngakho-ke kuyozwakala kanjani neenzukulwani ezinengi.Zaba ngomphumela inhlolovo ngo-2014. Kuyoba in 20, 30, mhlawumbe iminyaka engu-40. Manje, abanye bangathi: 'eCrimea wabuyela ekhaya ", kuyilapho abanye azophikisana naye:". Russia matasa eCrimea "

Ngaphambi sihlolisise izenzakalo ekuqaleni kuka-2014, futhi baqonde ukuthi uphefumule Crimeans konyaka nokudliwa eCrimea eRussia, kubalulekile ukwenza uhambo encane ibe esidlule futhi ufunde nendlela tie umlando enhlonhlweni neRussia.

ECrimea inguqulelo ngaphansi kokubusa koMbuso Wase-Russian

Ngo-July 1774, yaphela impi phakathi eRussia kanye uMbuso WaseTurkey. Ngokusho imiphumela inombolo yokuphumelela wamuka emadolobheni Black Sea, futhi babenikezwa ilungelo abe ukuhweba kanye nemikhumbi lempi oLwandle Olumnyama. On enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea uvele geqe.

Kakade ngo-1774 kwaba sobala ukuthi ukubusa yeRussia baya eCrimea - okungukuthi, njengoba besho, Kuxhomeke isikhathi. Kodwa akazange kuxazulule izindlela kwezempi nakwezombusazwe.

Ngosizo namandla Russian eCrimea weza Khan Shahin Giray, futhi umbusi odlule nabasekeli bakhe kwadingeka ukuba abalekele Turkey. Wadla eCrimea eRussia ngo 1783 kwaqinisekiswa Manifesto we Umbusikazi uCatherine II 8 Epreli. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umlando, inhlonhlo ye-kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa Russia.

Umlando Omfushane eCrimea kusukela ngo-1921 kuya ku-1954

ECrimea ngemva wadla eRussia ngo 1783, saqala ukushintsha kakhulu, ingqalasizinda kanye ukukhiqizwa uye savela, ushintshe Ukwakheka yobuhlanga sabantu.

Lapho amaBolshevik athatha izintambo futhi yaphela kulwiwa, YaseCrimea Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic yasungulwa. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-XX leminyaka wahlala enhlonhlweni: Russian, okuyinto eyabangela cishe kwesigamu sabantu bezwe jikelele (49.6%), amaTatar YaseCrimea (19.4%), Ukraine (13.7%), amaJuda (5.8%), amaJalimane (4 , 5%) kanye nabanye (7%).

Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe yabambana ngezihluthu endaweni eCrimea, obangela eside angaziwa kwashintsha umlando we enhlonhlweni futhi uhlamvu kwezakhamuzi zawo. Entwasahlobo ka-1944 abe eseqala ukusebenza ukuze akhulule eCrimea kubahlaseli.

Eminyakeni 1944-1946 amaTatar YaseCrimea zixoshwa enhlonhlweni ukuze asekele eJalimane lobuNazi, lenzeka esifundeni Crimean ngaphakathi Russia.

ECrimea, Ukraine

Ngo-1954, eCrimea kwahlanganiswa Ukrainian Republic. Kwakunengqondo futhi eshukunyiswa eduze izibopho kwezomnotho kanye namasiko, kanye nobunye kuleyo nsimu. ukuxhumana abaningi, ujantshi endleleni imizila kwakuhlobene nenkolelo-ezwekazini Ukraine.

Ngo-1989, i-Union uye wasishintsha isimo sengqondo kukahulumeni YaseCrimea AmaTatar liqala ukubuyela kwabo ukuthuthela nhlonhlo.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1991, sasiqhutshelwa inhlolovo wokuqala, okwaphumela eCrimea futhi wathola amalungelo yokuzimela ngaphakathi Ukrainian SSR. Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, eCrimea lahlala isimo manje ezimele ye-Ukraine. Kusukela ngo-1994 kuya ku-2014 yathatha Autonomous Republic of eCrimea. Ekuqaleni kuka-2014 kwaba khona ukuxhumana okusha eCrimea Russian.

Indlela Bonke baqala

Ngo-November 2013 e -dolobha Ukraine, yaqala kule mibhikisho. KaMengameli uViktor Yanukovych lihlehliselwe basayine isivumelwano ubudlelwane ne-European Union. Lokhu kwaba isizathu ukuba kukhululwe abantu emigwaqweni.

Okwaqala ngokubekwa imibuthano umfundi rally lakhula laba ukunyakaza enamandla. Amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu ihlelwe kuso idolobha lamatende, maphakathi Kiev waqala ezakhiweni zikahulumeni, bashisa amathayi.

Kancane kancane rally obunokuthula yaphenduka ngxabano ezinzima phakathi ababhikishi namaphoyisa. Kwakukhona izisulu zokuqala nhlangothi zombili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezindaweni esentshonalanga ye-Ukraine baye baqala isinyathelo uhulumeni ekhona, esimisiwe amakhanda abo lomuzi kanye nemikhandlu zesifunda khumuza izikhumbuzo umbuso wamaSoviet.

I Ukuketulwa etat e-Ukraine

Ngo-February 2014 share ekhatsi Kiev, okuyinto waziwa ngokuthi Euromaidan kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba. lokudutshulwa elingaziwa inqwaba ababhikishi komthetho Amaphoyisa abulawa. Aphikisayo kanye nabaholi ukunyakaza umbhikisho wenza kombuso, uMongameli Yanukovych babaleka kuleli nomkhaya wakhe.

Efika amandla abaholi pro-Western, bethukuthele kuqhathaniswa isiRashiya, iRussia, i-Soviet Union. amaqembu ezephula umthetho ahlomile aye lwaqala ukuya kusuka Kiev ezifundeni. On eningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe aseqalile okukhulu isinyathelo sokuphindisela ngokumelene umbuso omusha.

ECrimea: kusukela imiboniso ngoba inhlolovo

Inkinga kuye kwaholela iziphathimandla eCrimea Ukrainian isidingo ukunquma isiphetho sabo ngo-February 2014. Ukwamukelwa uhulumeni omusha e-Ukraine kwakusho breaking izibopho zomlando, amasiko nezenhlalo kanye enhlonhlweni Russian. amabutho ngokucacile ezinenzondo nolaka wakhuluma revolution Kiev phezu Russian, kuhlanganise nalabo abahlala eCrimea.

Ngo Sevastopol, Simferopol, Kerch nakwamanye amadolobha waqala imibhikisho emelene amandla amasha e Kiev, ngicindezelwe isiRashiya, ukunqunywa nomlando wayo, ukufika abasekeli ahlomile Euromaidan nolaka, ukubhujiswa Soviet-inkathi eyingqayizivele. Nokho, kubalulekile, ukuthi ingxenye labantu eCrimea asekelwe abaholi abeza amandla rally jikelele maphakathi enhlokodolobha Ukraine. Ngivumelana jikelele nohulumeni omusha wazwakalisa YaseCrimea AmaTatar.

Ukuvikela amagugu abo, isiko, indlela yokuphila ukuphepha abakhileyo eCrimea wamemezela inhloso yabo ukuba livotele, enquma intando iningi lezakhamuzi kule nhlonhlo: ukuhlala ngaphansi kwegunya Ukraine noma ukujoyina eRussia.

Ukulungiselela, ukuqaliswa kanye imiphumela inhlolovo ngo-2014

Idethi inhlolovo on isiphetho eCrimea kwakuhlelwe Meyi 25. Nakuba enhlonhlweni lwenziwe wabaqeqesha kakhulu Ukraine, e-United States kanye ne-Europe waxoxa emthethweni ka inhlolovo enjalo, wathi kusengaphambili we-non-ukuqashelwa yemiphumela yayo.

Kamuva, ngo-isizinda echumayo esibucayi e-Ukraine ivoti usuku iyiswe Mashi 16. Abantu eCrimea wabonisa umsebenzi omkhulu futhi abeze kudlulwe 80% wesibalo sabantu. Crimeans inhlolovo uyazi kubalulekile. Kwakungakabi usuku we nokudliwa eCrimea eRussia, kodwa manje kuba usuku Mashi 16 omenyiwe iholidi kule nhlonhlo.

Kakade imiphumela amenyezelwa ngoMashi 17. labantu YaseCrimea uvotela ubunye ne Russia. Futhi Mashi 21 sivunyiwe futhi kusayina umthetho ngawo ngokusemthethweni senzeka ukubusa waseRussia eCrimea futhi Sevastopol.

wezempi Russian eCrimea

Ebusika ngasekupheleni kuka-2014 enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea, ukunyakaza asebenzayo zabantu edlubhe babebhekwa. Inqubomgomo, wathola ngokungemthetho amandla e Kiev, ngokushesha osolwa Russia ka ukuhlaselwa yimpi. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, Russia, usephikile khona amaviyo alo enhlonhlweni, ngaphandle amayunithi based ngokuhambisana nesivumelwano phakathi Russia nase-Ukraine.

Kamuva, ibutho lezempi, okwakwenza redeployment enhlonhlweni, yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi "amadoda oluhlaza" futhi "abantu esinenhlonipho".

Kufanele ukuthi Ukraine unikeze up ubuholi Autonomous Republic ekudaleni nemibandela intando abantu. Futhi, sibonga phambi kwezingelosi akuxhomekile Russian yezempi, futhi lokho kwakufanele ngakwesokudla ukuze uhlale enhlonhlweni ka-eCrimea ukuba iRussia yathatha indawo ngokuthula.

Imibuzo ukuba semthethweni kohlelo nokunqamula eCrimea kusuka Ukraine

ngokushesha Ukraine nabasizi balo limenyezelwe izenzo okungekho emthethweni uhulumeni eCrimea neRussia. Imiphumela inhlolovo kanye neqiniso lomhlangano, ngokuvumelana abaholi amazwe amaningi emthethweni. EU amazwe ne-United States Asiqaphelanga nokudliwa eCrimea eRussia bayaqhubeka zithi enhlonhlweni ingaphansi umsebenzi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, basekela Icebo lika noMthethosisekelo ekhatsi Kiev, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, abameleli-United States kanye namazwe European Baye bahlangana nezinye izishoshovu Euromaidan ngisho belulekwa nabaholi bayo.

Ukumenyezelwa inhlolovo eCrimea senziwa uhulumeni esisemthethweni republic ezizimele. Abeze zokuvota yabonisa isithakazelo sabantu ekunqumeni ukuphila okwengeziwe, inhlonhlo ye-e esiya ngokuya siba sibi obumbi bomnotho e-Ukraine futhi izwe. Iningi, engaphezu kuka-90% uvotele, uvotela ukubusa eCrimea eRussia.

umthetho International kusho ukuthi kungenzeka abantu abahlala endaweni ethile, ukunquma ikusasa labo siqu. Futhi labantu eCrimea senziwa. Ukuzimela weRiphabhulikhi ngaphakathi Ukraine wasebenzisa uhulumeni ukuba bamemezele inhlolovo, futhi yilokho okwenzekile.

Phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala emva inhlolovo

Kwenkathi yenguquko kunzima unikezwa izakhamuzi nhlonhlo. Wadla eCrimea eRussia ngo-2014 - ngokungangabazeki isenzakalo esibaluleke kunazo zonke emlandweni ezenzeka ekuphileni of lonke izwe. Kodwa liye laba futhi iyoba impilo yabantu YaseCrimea esikhathini esizayo esiseduze?

Ngo March-April 2014 e enhlonhlweni waqala shaqa amabhizinisi namabhange wayeka inkokhelo amakhadi ehhovisi ibhokisi. osomabhizinisi Ukrainian ukhipha amafa abo.

Waqala ukusweleka kwamanzi nogesi, kukhuphuke izinga eliphezulu labangasebenzi kanye emugqeni kumadokhumenti kabusha yokubhalisa kungukuthi wanezela injabulo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kweningi lama Crimeans. Ngo-April nango-May enhlonhlweni igagasi lokuqala ababaleki kusukela eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Ukraine, lapho ukukulungisa ahlomile ehamba ngezinqola izidlamlilo iziphathimandla Kiev Lugansk futhi IDonetsk ezifundeni.

Njengoba izinyanga ezimbalwa kamuva waqala ukuqonda bendawo ngokujoyina eCrimea eRussia? Izibuyekezo wawuyoba ohluke kakhulu. Othile wabe esenika usezinhlungwini netwetwe ngenxa yesimo zomnotho eziwohlokayo. Abanye baye bazimisela ukuya endleleni oyikhethile ngokusebenzisa noma iziphi izithiyo. Life washintsha nhlonhlo hhayi kuzo zonke izindawo kube ngcono, kodwa Crimeans siphile futhi sijabulele izinguquko.

Asizange ushintshe ekhikhini kungukuthi lakhishwa ukuzungeza le hryvnia, abakutholanga lwelayisense entsha izimoto, kodwa yonke indawo wendiza tricolor amafulegi.

Njengoba Crimeans wahlangana okusha 2015

Wadla eCrimea eRussia ngo-2014 wanezela kokuhlupheka futhi nakho empilweni lalolo hlanga. Lezi ukukhathazeka ubani sasingakaze siphawule uNcibijane wasondela. Emadolobheni lamakhulu, ingabe ngokwethukela anqunywe ugesi kanye namanani amanzi ayenyuka kanye sezimoto, imisebenzi okwamanje akadalanga, eziningi kangaka ngeke amaholide nesizotha: akukho msebenzi - ayikho imali.

Kakade cishe ngonyaka, njengoba indawo ukubusa eCrimea sika eRussia. Imibono zisekhona ezahlukene. Kodwa lapha nalaphaya ungezwa ucingo: ". Cha, uNowa, siyosinda"
Ngo-2015, abantu YaseCrimea walinda izinguquko eziningi, kodwa baye bafunda ukwazisa ubekezele. Into esemqoka ukuthi ngokuvumelana abaningi babo - sibuyela kwesijwayelekile, okuvumela ngaphandle ukwesaba ngekusasa.

Russia emva wadla eCrimea

Ososayensi abaningi zezombusazwe, osomnotho, osomabhizinisi ucabange: ukubusa eCrimea Russian kubiza izwe kuyabiza kangangokuba kwaba ukuthenga emuva enhlonhlweni e-Ukraine. Unswinyo, okuyinto eyaba umqalisi-United States, kwathi ngehlobo lango-2014 waqala ukuba wazizwa emsebenzini izinkampani Russian. Zingenze uhlelo wezwe wezimali.

Ngisho izinkampani ezinkulu bephoqeleka ukuba unciphise inani imikhiqizo ngokuqondene nalokho okulindeleke kanye nokwehla abasebenzi, okusho ukuthi ukunyuka kwezinga abangasebenzi ezweni lonke.

I-US iye kusekelwa iningi zamazwe e-EU. Zonke unswinyo some, Russia usolwa umsebenzi eCrimea kanye nosizo olungokoqobo we abezempi of South-East-Ukraine. Iziphathimandla Kyïv njalo ukwenza izitatimende mayelana nokuba khona amabutho njalo Russian endaweni yayo yobukhosi bakhe.

EYurophu nase-United States sifuna ukuhlukanisa umnotho Russian kanye nezimakethe zezimali ukuceka, simenze ukudlala imithetho yabo. Kodwa isimo ephumile control, leli lizwe linazo ally ezibalulekile, emnothweni uqala bayeke izimakethe ezintsha.