Esifundeni saseRamenskoye esifundazweni saseMoscow, i-Gzhel shrub isakazeka kabanzi - imizi engamashumi amabili nesikhombisa yaseRussia eyinhloko, ngokungahleliwe etholakala emahlathini nasemasimini. Kuzo, ubuciko obuhle obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe womdwebo we-Gzhel kuvela. Ubuciko bomphakathi, obujulile nendabuko. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zobuciko obudumile eRussia: Khokhloma, Zhostovo, Fedoskino, Gorodets noGzhel. Umdwebo weKhokhloma umdwebo wobuciko wama- trays enkuni nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene eyenziwe ngokhuni. Umdwebo weZhostovo umdwebo onsimbi zensimbi. Indlela yokudweba i-Fedoskino, eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwesithako sokukhanya esikhanyayo. Umdwebo we-Gorodetsky udweba umdwebo ngesisekelo somuthi esincane. Kufana neyindlela yokudweba isithonjana, kodwa izindaba zisetshenziselwa kuphela umhlaba.
Futhi, ekugcineni, ukudweba kukaGzhel kuyisithombe sokudweba okukhanyayo okwesibhakabhaka e-blue on porcelain emhlophe okuluhlaza okwakhiwa okulandelayo nokugcoba.
Umhlaba we-Gzhel uhlwempu emhlabeni omnyama, awuyinyumba futhi kunzima umuntu ukuba adle kuwo. Abantu bazama futhi bazama amashumi eminyaka, balima umhlaba, bahlwanyela. Izikhukhula eziyisikhombisa zivela kwabalimi, kepha konke kuyize - azange azalise izwe. Futhi iphuzu lonke laliwukuthi ngokushesha ngaphansi koqweqwe olungenhla lomhlaba ubumba olumhlophe lwaluhlala lukhulu, lungapheli futhi lubanzi, lujulile futhi lubanzi. Ukholo luzalwa kanjani lapha? Abantu baseGzhel bacabanga ngakho, bacabanga, bayiphonsa emhlabathini ukumba. Ngaqala ukungena ubumba ngiphakamise ubumba.
E-Gzhel, wonke umuntu wesibili uyakwazi "ukwenza ngesandla" - okungenani umgqomo wokwenza, ngisho ne-jug yobumba. Futhi ibhizinisi laqala. Ekuqaleni, kwakhiwa ama-artels amancane amakhono amakhulu, bese kubhekwa ubumba obuncane kakhulu, izitsha zaqala ukukhiqizwa. Futhi izitsha kufanele zibe mnandi, bese umdwebo udinga. Ngesikhathi esifushane kwakukhona abaculi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubumba luye lwafunda ukuhlukanisa. Amamaki aphezulu, amhlophe ahlanzekile, athunyelwa eMoscow ngama-apothecaries ekukhiqizeni izitsha zezokwelapha. I-Clay yayiyilula ukuyisebenzisa nge-faience, amapuleti nezitsha, kanti iningi le-snow-white, i-porcelain, lisetshenziselwa imikhiqizo kwisitayela se-classic ye-gzhel, umdwebo owawubuhle kangangokuba wathinta umoya.
Bathi itiye ekhishini likaGzhel lokunambitheka lihlukile: uzophuza izinkomishi eziyishumi, futhi usafuna. Ukudweba kwe-Gzhel kubizwa ngakho ngoba igama laso liphuma egameni elithi "stitch" - lisho "ukushisa", "shisa". Yebo, umuntu waseRussia uthanda ukuhumusha amagama ngamazwi. Uma othile ethi igama elithi "omnibus", ngokuqinisekile uzothola "ukukhukhuka". Ngakho bayishukumisela: umucu waba yi-gzhel. Ngo-1812, kwakunezimboni ezingu-25 eGibhel ezikhiqiza izitsha eziphezulu. Ngandlela-thile, emasifundisini emafektri, amathoyizi, ubuciko bokuhlobisa kanye nokubeka isitifiketi sokuphuza itiye kwakhiqizwa. Ukudla, izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nama-shades ambalwa, anele konke.
Kodwa-ke, phakathi nekhulu le-XIX, ukukhiqizwa kwe-Gzhel kwaqala ukwehla, ngenxa yokuthi kwakuvele kunezitsha eziningi, noma mhlawumbe nje kuphela isikhathi sokuzola, njengoba ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ngezimboni ezinkulu. Kodwa le nkinga ayizange ithinte ukukhiqizwa kobuciko. Ukudweba kwe-Gzhel kusadingeka. Muva nje, sekuye kwasungulwa izikhungo zemfundo ezikhethekile, iziqu zazo ezigcwalisa izibalo zamakhomitha, abadwebi nabadwebi. Ukudweba kwe-Gzhel, izithombe ezingalokothi ziphinde, manje ziyachuma futhi, zijabulela umbala ohlukile wemikhiqizo yayo.