Silulumagama kanye translation Non-okulingana izinkinga

Ukuhumusha imibhalo linendima olukhulu ekuthuthukiseni abantu. Ngosizo lwawo abantu bafunde nesiko kwamanye amazwe, Banamathele ifa internationalist akhaphele ucwaningo kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye ulwazi.

Central ukuze inqubo Ukuhunyushwa kwemibhalo kuyinto umhumushi ngokwemvelo. indima yayo libalulekile. Yingakho abantu balesi umsebenzi izidingo eliphezulu kakhulu. Umhumushi ezinhle kumelwe babe hhayi kuphela ulwazi esihle kuzo zonke zamatshe ulimi. Kumelwe ukwazi izimfanelo we esikweni lesizwe kuleli zwe, layo geography, umlando, ezomnotho, ezombusazwe. Ngaphandle ulwazi izici of lonke leli zwe, ngolimi ilungiselela ukuhumusha, akunakwenzeka ukuba ngokunembile futhi kahle adlulisele ezicashile umbhalo.

kunzima ikakhulukazi bezekvivalentnoy ukuhunyushwa amazwi, okusho ukuthi, the emayunithi elulwimi, abangenalo ukuxhumana nabanye ngalezi ezinye izilimi. Nenikezwa kule umqondo Vereshchagin futhi Kostomarov, uthi non-okulingana silulumagama - amazwi kabani incazelo ngeke kuqhathaniswe nge imiqondo lucebe ekhona kwezinye izilimi.

Ngokwemvelo, okokuqala kunakho konke, kule stratum zihlanganisa amazwi elisho ethize ulahlekile kwamanye amazwe noma ezinye izizwe imiqondo namaqiniso lomkhuba.

Ngu amaqiniso zihlanganisa izinto zasendlini, amasiko nezinqubo ukuthi bengekho ezinye izizwe. Igama elithi "cherry", "sacivi" "yokwakha kabusha" futhi kukhona izibonelo kumiswa ulimi, okuyinto ochwepheshe call "silulumagama non-okulingana."

Umqondo sihlanganisa historicism, amazwi eziye elahlekile ukuqondana abo ngoba lo muntu wanyamalala izinto noma izenzakalo babiza. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, 'ka- elingenamikhono, "" Stagecoach, "" scimitar "kanjalonjalo.

Indlela ukuxazulula izinkinga lucebe lokuhumusha? Kukhona izixazululo eziningana ukuba le nkinga.

• Ukulotshwa noma ukungena emagama angaphandle usebenzisa uhlelo ekhona isipelingi, ulimi umamukeli. Lolu khetho ukufaka amagama kolunye ulimi eyiswa kolunye ne ukulondolozwa kunawo wonke esingawathola emaphethini yabo umsindo.
• Ukuguqulwa noma wadluliswa ngendlela enembile Kubonisa balingisi (nobe izinhlamvu kohlelo) ye uhlamvu olulodwa ngomunye. Kulokhu, ukuguqulwa kungenzeka "ngemvume njengophawu" ukudluliselwa kwaso sonke isimiso izimpawu ngohlamvu olulodwa noma okuphambene nalokho. Ngezinye izikhathi ukudluliselwa ebhaliwe izinhlamvu ngokulandelana edingekayo lonke system of a izinhlamvu owalandela ulimi.
• Hypo-giperonimichesky translation, okungukuthi, translation silulumagama non-okulingana, ikhumbula ukuthi yiziphi ngokuqondile izihlobo futhi ejwayelekile yamagama. Ngamafuphi nje, lo hlobo lokuhumusha iwukukhetha eseduze, noma engaphelele okusho imiqondo okulingana, uwuchaze. Ngawakhe amazwi kungaba okuchazayo explicative, okuchazayo trace.

Bezekvivalentnoy silulumagama ngokushesha ulingisa nezinye izilimi, ngoba uma kungenjalo kunzima ukuba adlulisele esithile isiko angaphandle. Lokhu kusebenza Russian "yokwakha kabusha", lo "ephalamende" British, "Oseledets" Ukraine.

Kodwa silulumagama non-okulingana - kuyinto engokoqobo hhayi kuphela, futhi historicism. Ezinye amazwi ngezilimi ezahlukene zingafani ngokoMthetho semantic okufanele kucatshangelwe uma ukuhumusha. Ngokwesibonelo, esiNgisini inkulumo igama elithi "intombazane" futhi libhekisela "intombazane" futhi "intombazane." Kuyacaca ukuthi ngesiRashiya, imiqondo laba engasho lutho ezahlukene.

Lost in Translation ngokuvamile ingxenye kuhlola zezwi. Ngakho, uma "ilanga" Russian has a ithoni kokungathathi hlangothi okungokomzwelo, Tajik "Oftob", ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo, has a ingxenye negative iseduze linencazelo imiqondo "evutha", "evutha".

Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ubhekwa ukuhunyushwa phraseology. tiga tenkhulumo, kwakheka bedle lenani orientation, imibono, amasiko izikhulumi bomdabu. Yingakho umhumushi akumelwe nje bagcine ngokufuna ukwazi engasho lutho okwenyanga kahle we ulimi olukhethiwe, kodwa futhi umlando, abantu, nempucuko jikelele.