Abathwali esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. abathwali Modern izindiza emhlabeni

Aircraft yenethiwekhi - umkhumbi ukulwa nenjongo zamasu. The main amandla okuphawuleka e zezindiza, etholakala kwi emphemeni. Lezi ziqhwaga unawo wonke ukulungisa, ukulondolozwa nokukhiqizwa kusitoreji sesikhashana izindiza ezinophephela emhlane kanye izindiza. Kuze kube manje, bonke abathwali asebenzayo zomhlaba zinkulu ngobukhulu, kanye imishini yesimanje kunazo. Asikhulume ngale ndaba ngokuningiliziwe futhi sibheke ezinye imikhumbi elikhulu kunawo wonke imininingwane. Phakathi kwabo kuyoba njengomfula nganekwane namanje emi phezu abathwali izindiza ayehlome.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Ngokokuqala ngqá abathwali izindiza esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni baqala ukusebenzisa besiNgisi ngesikhathi 1st neMpi Yezwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uhulumeni waseBrithani waqaphela ukuthi ivikela umngcele kuba lula usebenzisa izimoto ephathekayo. The Second IMpi Yezwe eBritish babehola kunombolo Cruisers, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi balahlekelwa ubuholi US. Njengoba isimo samanje, ngokuqinisekile abathwali kungukuthi kuphela elwa amayunithi, sithwele encane ibutho zezindiza, kodwa futhi wokuxhumana elikuvumela ukuba ngokushesha abelane ngolwazi. Izimfuneko main ezisebenza amabutho ahlomile - kuyinto ukuhamba, ngakho ezikwazi kakhulu ukulwa amayunithi nendima ebalulekile ezimpini eziningi. Nokho, uma kwenzeka ukushintshana zenuzi, abathwali izindiza ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni kuyoba umgomo oyinhloko. Inamandla izitshalo amandla ukuvumela ukuba phakathi olwandle amashumi eminyaka.

abathwali izindiza yesimanje

Kuze kube manje, ukusetshenziswa kakhulu asebenzayo ngomkhumbi onjalo US Navy. On arsenal wezwe kubiza cishe 11 izindiza bathwale 10 kulindeleke, ngenkathi Russian Federation eyodwa ezimbili ngaphansi ukwakhiwa kuphela zamanje futhi. US Cruisers esetshenziswa ukuxazulula izingxabano e-Iraq, Afghanistan, Kosovo, nokunye.

Eyokuqala US izindiza yenethiwekhi, eyayintula zenuzi ngamandla uhlelo ebhodini, lakhiwa ngo-1961 futhi yabizwa ngokuthi "Enterprise". Namuhla-ke ingenye imikhumbi enkulu emhlabeni. Ubude bayo 342 amamitha.

Ngo-USSR Admiral Kuznetsov Ngacabanga abathwali izindiza esizayo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi umyalo wakhe amaphoyisa atshalwa ukwakha Cruisers eziningana, kodwa ngemva kokuhamba Admiral Gorshkov Kuznetsova iphrojekthi entsha ivaliwe. Nokho, kwenziwa isinqumo ngonyaka lama-67 Yakha "Minsk", "Kiev" futhi "Novorossiysk".

Abathwali ngobukhulu izindiza emhlabeni

Into yokuqala ukukhuluma mayelana yempi ne izindiza esigabeni ibhodi "Nimitz". Lezi ziqhwaga kukhona enkulu kakhulu futhi enamandla, hhayi kuphela e-US, kodwa futhi emhlabeni wonke. imikhumbi engaba yishumi kuphela sekwakhiwe. Ngamunye wabo obiza uhulumeni yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 4.5-5.0 zamadola. yenethiwekhi Kugcine ubhekwa enamandla kakhulu futhi ogama lakhe behlonipha US President 41st uGeorge HW Bush. Esikebheni kwakuneqembu "Dzhordzh Bush" okuthwala mayelana 90 izingcezu imishini. Lapha futhi fighters lemikhiqizo ezahlukene, kanye indiza gunships. Kusolwa ukuthi izindiza yenethiwekhi "Nimitz" ikilasi ngalinye ezosetshenzwa iminyaka engu-50, futhi kuphela emva kwalokho ngeke kwisamba. Kodwa US sekuqalile ukwakha isizukulwane esilandelayo imikhumbi. Kucatshangwa lokhu kuzoba abathwali "Gerald Ford" amandla ukulwa ukuthi uzobe kancane anda, kanye nenani izindiza zithutha.

Enamandla kakhulu futhi ngobukhulu izindiza othwala Russian Federation

YeSoviet Union-in-Chief Fleet, Admiral Kuznetsov, bathi wayeyingane efana nezinye ungumuntu ohamba phambili kunabo ngempela. esindayo impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu izindiza aphethe ngalo leli gama Yakhiwa enkumbulweni yakhe. Ubude bayo 305 metres uphinde uthele kancane 10 amasentimitha. Kuwufanele benaka yokuthi ngokungafani abathwali ukuthuthukiswa Western-isitayela bemikhumbi Soviet zihluke kakhulu. Lokho kukhona kuphela ukwakhiwa kwezikhali we impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Admiral Kuznetsov". Kwamenywa ezinkulu-osezingeni anti-aircraft izibhamu, ukufakwa anti-tank, torpedo kwezikhali nokuningi. Eqinisweni, kukhona ukuzivikela isikhali esindayo okuhlaselayo. Konke lokhu, kanye imishini zezindiza eyenziwa ebhodini, umkhumbi kwenza ebulalayo ngempumelelo ukulwa imisebenzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo emkhunjini kungenzeka amayunithi 40 izindiza. Cishe 30 izindiza (iphiko fixed) no-10 izindiza ezinophephela emhlane.

Kushintshwe "Admiral Kuznetsov" noma "Liaoning"

Lokhu umkhumbi wawususukile indiza yenethiwekhi kuqala, okuyinto esebeké China izikhali zalo. Ekuqaleni, "Liaoning" lakhiwa Nikolayev ngisemsebenzini e-Ukraine ukuze isetshenziswe eSoviet Union. Nokho, ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet izindiza yenethiwekhi waya Ukraine, okuyinto ngemva kweminyaka eminingana ukusebenza, ngakho-ke kungokwemvelo futhi hhayi sengiphothule umkhumbi, wathengisa ngayo kuphela $ 20 million, kuze China. AmaShayina ngiyikhiphile khumbulani impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu bese usetha wamgona. Uma kuhlu yonke izindiza abathwali emhlabeni enamandla kakhulu, "Liaoning" kuyoba ngenye yezindawo zokuqala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bokuthi wayeklanyelwe elandelayo isibonelo impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Admiral Kuznetsov", njengoba ezinye izinguquko. Yingakho, emkhunjini a Ammo hhayi kuphela ezinkulu, okuyinto izothatha amahora ambalwa lwempi okukhulu, kodwa futhi inani elikhulu izindiza. Esikhathini "Liaoning" China esisetshenziselwa ukuqeqesha abashayeli bezindiza.

"Merlin" kusukela e-Indiya

Okwamanje enkonzweni nge-Indian Navy izindiza yenethiwekhi 2. Omunye wabo inegama "Vikramaditya", ubude bayo imayelana 283-284 amamitha. Lasekuqaleni igama umkhumbi "Baku" noma "Kiev ukushintshwa." Yakhiwa emuva eSoviet Union, kodwa ngemva kokuwa Russia uye wanquma ukubhala-off umkhumbi, okwakumele zibiza kakhulu ekulondolozeni isimo ukusebenza kwemishini. Ngo-2004, othwala izindiza lathengiswa $ 2.5 billion eNdiya. Kulokhu, umkhumbi ifakwe fighters Russian nezikhali. Uma sikubiza zonke izindiza abathwali yesimanje emhlabeni, "Vikramaditya" ungomunye wabo. Ngo-2013, umkhumbi wafakwa inkonzo. Aircraft yenethiwekhi alesi sigaba iyakwazi ibhodi cishe 36 izindiza, ikakhulukazi Russian ezenziwe fighter Jets.

Aircraft yenethiwekhi "Sao Paulo"

Aircraft othwala "Clemenceau" elibhekelele izingalo France iminyaka engu-39. Kwakukhona imikhumbi emibili ezinjalo. Omunye ngo-2000, yabhalwa off, kanti eyesibili - Brazil bathengisa nje abayizigidi ezingu-12 zamaRandi. Njengoba ukuthengwa onjiniyela Brazilian, kusekelwa nozakwethu French usuqalile ukuze ithuthukise umkhumbi. Izinguquko zabhekana izikhali hhayi kuphela, eye elilungisiwe cishe ngokuphelele, kodwa emphemeni indiza, okuyinto wakwazi ukwandisa kancane. Ekugcineni, kwakukhona izinjini zihlukene, kungenziwa izinhlobo zonke izinhlobo izinzwa, njll Kodwa kunzima ukusho ukuthi "São Paulo" uhlale zonke kwakukuhle. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2005 nango-2012, kwaba khona umlilo, okuholele ekufeni amatilosi amaningana. "Sao Paulo" namandla okuqhubeka ibhodi 39 izingcezu imishini. ezingaba okuhlambalazayo yaqaphela, "Skyhawk" - ukukhanya American ukuhlaselwa izindiza. Ubude womkhumbi - 264 amamitha ngu-80 ubude.

"Sharl De Goll"

Okwamanje, Navy French bebehlome kanye yezinkampani eziningana. Omunye wabo, "Sharl De Goll". Empeleni, lo mkhumbi uwukuphela zenuzi izindiza yenethiwekhi, engesiyo enkonzweni US Navy. Ukwakhiwa umkhumbi abiza isimo mayelana $ 4 billion. Iqaliswe umkhumbi othwala izindiza ngo-2000, nakuba kwakuhlelwe ukwenza kube kancane ekuqaleni, kodwa ngenxa crisis ukwakhiwa sanqamuka. Kusukela athomu ophendulayo, isitsha kungaba ukuntanta ngaphandle refueling mayelana iminyaka engu-20 bese uyiswa ebhodini amayunithi mayelana 40 ubunjiniyela aeronautical. Uye walisho ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi ngonyaka th 93 abagibele "Sharl De Goll" izinhloli ngesinyenyela-MI-6 owathi nakuba ekwazi ukuhlola umkhumbi, kodwa ayikwazanga lisinde lingabanjwa, ngoba zashaqwa. Okwamanje, abathwali amaningi emhlabeni wonke bahlanganyela emsebenzini imisebenzi yezempi, futhi "Sharl De Goll" phakathi kwabo.

isiphetho

Njengoba ubona, imikhumbi live ngamunye kudingeka abathwali izindiza. Yiqiniso, namuhla ingcindezelo kolwandle kungokwalabo-United States, ngoba imikhumbi yabo khona manje, banayo imishini yesimanje. Noma kunjalo, kukhona okungalunga bese bobabili Russia namanye amazwe, njenge-Japan, United Kingdom. Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo inqwaba amaphrojekthi ethembisa. Ngokwesibonelo, kulo nyaka Japan ihlele ukwehlisa ukukhiqizwa esiphathiswa amanzi uqobo of "Izumo". Nokho, kusukela ngo-Japan akanayo imvume ukuze kwakhiwe abathwali izindiza, uzishaya indiza enophephela emhlane. Ngawo lowo nyaka phezu kwamanzi kufanele uthole futhi Indian "Viktrant", futhi ngo-2020 - "Kuin Elizabet" (UK). Yilokho konke ungakwazi ukutshela ukuthi ziyini, abathwali engcono zezwe, futhi yini ephawulekayo, ngasinye salezi imidondoshiya.