Nikolaus Harnoncourt - umqhubi, cellist, isazi sefilosofi musicologist. Biography, izici amaqiniso zokudala futhi ezithakazelisayo

Ezinsukwini zokuqala kwentwasahlobo 2016 washona enkulu cellist Austria, musicologist futhi umqhubi Nikolaus Harnoncourt. Ukubambisana nabo wezinsimbi ezinkulu e-Europe, wathola ithuba popularize Yabenzi iyiqiniso futhi ukufundisa edumile emhlabeni Salzburg Mozarteum Conservatory. Ngezimpawu namasevisi yakhe Harnoncourt wathatha ngo-2010 endaweni yesihlanu ku isilinganiso babashayeli esivelele sonke isikhathi, ihlanganiswe magazini BBC Music Magazine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama umculi phakade wangena Ehholo Lodumo waseBritish umculo magazini classical Gramophone.

Umndeni umqhubi esizayo

Nikolaus Harnoncourt (Nikolaus Harnoncourt) - umqhubi, ogama lakhe waba legend phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Wabonakala ukukhanya zonke eBerlin ngo-1929 ukuze umndeni ukuthi wayevela emkhayeni yizicukuthwane ahlukile. Kusukela azalwa, umculi egqoka isihloko Ukubala, igama lakhe egcwele kwaba Johann Nikolaus de La Fonteyn d'Arnonkur-Unfertsagt. Unina, le Countess Ladislaya von Meran, kwaba umzukulu iNkosana Johann Austria, owazalelwa e-Emperor uLeopold II washada futhi Marii Luizy of Spain.

Ubaba Nikolaus ngokuthi Eberhard de La Fonteyn d'Arnonkur-Unfertsagtom. Wayegqoka isihloko Ukubala futhi kwaba ongowokuzalwa Luxembourg Lorraine lasendulo uhlobo. Okhokho balezi ugogo wakhe zoyise Julia Mittrovskoy wahlala eCzech Republic. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, Eberhard babefuna ukuba ngumculi, kodwa intando isiphetho waphoqeleka ukuba bathole imfundo ekolishi. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, wasuka Vienna ukuba Berlin ngayofuna umsebenzi njengoba unjiniyela wezempi. Lapha washada Countess von Meran, kamuva wamzalela izingane ezinhlanu. Ngaphandle kwalezi, ngesikhathi Eberhard Inzalo yakhe emibili ukuba ibuye emshadweni wayo wokuqala.

Passion for lokudlala cello

Lapho ngo-1933 wathatha amandla okubusa eJalimane, uHitler, le Harnoncourt umndeni at amandla egcwele kuhanjiswe ku Graz, lapho kwakukhona khona uLadislav izindlu umndeni. Ngokushesha ngemva le Anschluss Austria, ngo-1939, nempahla yabo zadliwa uhulumeni, futhi wonke amalungelo osekuyisikhathi eside wajabulela aristocrats ekhethiwe. Naphezu nezikhathi ezinzima, izingane zabo futhi Eberhard Ladislaya ukuba bakhule othandweni nokunakekela. Bonke babefundiswa ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo, kodwa kamuva ngaba umculi Nikolaus kuphela Harnoncourt. Cello Conductor walithanda kusukela ebuntwaneni futhi engafuni ukuba ahlukane nalo ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Omunye wabafowabo, uFiliphu, wakhetha umculo inkolo futhi waba isazi semfundiso yenkolo yamaKatolika, kanti owesibili, France, uye wayesethubeni lokuthola umsebenzi ovelele njengoba ummeli.

Ukulungiselela wezemfundo, ukusebenza Philharmonic

Ngemva kwempi, Nikolaus wangena Vienna Conservatory, lapho lathweswa iziqu ngo-1952 Ezinsukwini zakhe umfundi umqhubi esizayo wathola ukudlala cello emculweni we Vienna State Opera. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu umculi Conservatory oneminyaka engu-23 ubudala waphawula ikhanda YaseMoscow Philharmonic Orchestra, Herbert von Karajan futhi mathupha langicela ukuba. It lungase lubizwe ngokuthi impumelelo yangempela, ngoba ukuba abe cellist ku Vienna Philharmonic kwakunzima kakhulu. kamuva Arnonkur Nikolaus wakhumbula ukuthi indawo yakhe emculweni laqeda abantu 40, kodwa Karajan bathandile isimo sakhe, futhi esesikhipha mncintiswano.

Umsebenzi Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra alethwe Harnoncourt nomholo okuqinile, ukuvakasha ukusebenza emhlabeni wonke, ukuhlanganyela njalo ohlonishwa Salzburg Festival, inhlonipho nodumo. Nokho, ukuze ushayele le nkathi emphilweni Nikolaus akukwazi kuqondile ngokuphelele. Karajan, ngubani uqobo wamema cellist abanekhono ukuze-orchestra yakhe, ngokushesha kubhekwe angi futhi waqala ukuqhuba maqondana kuye inqubomgomo yoshushiso ehlelekile. Yaphela kuphela ngo-1969, lapho Harnoncourt oneminyaka engu-40 ubudala besula orchestra wasungula i-career umqhubi.

Ukushada, ukuba nezingane

Ngo-1953, umqhubi Austrian Nikolaus Harnoncourt, umsebenzi wabo ngazo kule ncwadi, washada violin Alice Hoffelner owayemfundela kuye ngesikhathi somculo. Ngo-1954 lo mbhangqwana kwadingeka indodakazi, u-Elizabeth, kamuva owaba opera umculi odumile. Uma eseshadile, wathatha nesibongo komyeni wakhe von Magnus. Ngemva kokuzalwa kwendodakazi yakhe wazalelwa e Harnoncourt 3 amadodana. umndeni Young bakha indlu enkulu etholakala Austrian Alps.

Ukudala Ensemble akho

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-25 ngaleso Nikolausa Arnonkura kwaba umsebenzi ophambili ozinikele, nendlu enhle. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi ungakwazi nokujabulela ukuphila. Nokho, cellist wayecabanga ukuthi ngeke ayeke khona. Ngo-1953 waphinde uthola viola de Gumbo - lasendulo baraque string insimbi, okusikhumbuza cello. Njengoba yayazi ukudlala ke, Nikolaus othenga zomculo ngaphezulu lasendulo, ngemva kwalokho, yena nomkakhe kanye nabangane abambalwa wasungula Ensemble Concentus Musicus Wien. Yakhiwe ngu- iqembu ezikhethekile ukusebenza eyiqiniso imisebenzi zasendulo XVI-XVIII eminyaka. Kwaba Ensemble wokuqala emhlabeni, ogama repertoire lalinabashumayeli ifa zomculo kwesikhathi Baroque. ukuprakthiza wakhe iminyaka engu-20 senzeka egumbini lokuphumula ekhaya Harnoncourt. Ukuze zikwazi ukuzala kakhulu ngokunembile umsindo umculo ubudala, amalungu band kwadingeka achithe isikhathi esiningi ukuhlola inani elikhulu yezikolo.

ukuthandwa Parish

Nikolaus Harnoncourt wayengekho beqiniseka impumelelo iphrojekthi yakho, ngakho-ke ukuphinda kuhlanganiswe umsebenzi Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. Nokho, wamangala, lokusungula Concentus Musicus Wien kwaduma phakathi abathandi ubuciko, abaculi kwaqala inkathi imiboniso asebenzayo futhi izinkambo. Ukuba ku igagasi impumelelo, band liphetha inkampani German Telefunken inkontileka abadumile imali eningi futhi ingakapheli iminyaka engu-15, amakhulu amarekhodi imisebenzi zomculo kwesikhathi Baroque. Lapha futhi Suites Purcell futhi Bach Sonatas, opera futhi Rameau ubudala futhi Monteverdi.

Qala umsebenzi umqhubi sika

Sebenza Ensemble saqala ukungenisa Harnoncourt eside ukuze wayengasakwazi sihlanganise ke kunabaculi emculweni. Uphalafini emlilweni wathela izingxabano njalo Karajan. Njengoba umculi ngasekupheleni '60s njalo wenza nge Ensemble wakhe wokuba umbhidisi futhi akazange abone iphuzu ukuba cello abavamile. Ngemva kokushiya iqembu Karajan, uqala ukuqhuba hhayi kuphela Concentus Musicus Wien. Ngo-1970, Harnoncourt lolungenamaphutsa eliqondisa emculweni we-opera "Return of Ulysses kwelakubo" ngesikhathi edume Teatro alla Scala. Ukulandela lesi sethulo, abathandi ubuciko, kwaba sobala ukuthi emkhathizwe zomculo ovuthayo inkanyezi entsha negama ke - Arnonkur Nikolaus.

Creative Harnoncourt umsebenzi lapho isikhulile

Conductor amashumi amabili eminyaka lisebenzisane harpsichordist Dutch Gustav Leonhardt. Ngenxa yalokhu nokubambisana, abaculi bakwazi ukurekhoda umjikelezo ephelele cantatas Bach sika, okuhlanganisa imisebenzi ezingaphezu kuka-200. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-80-yalolucwaningo ka umqhubi Austrian Arnonkur Nikolaus led-orchestra the best opera izindlu emhlabeni. Ngo 4 nje eminyakeni (1987 kuya ku-1991) wakwazi ukubhala zonke imisebenzi by Beethoven, Schubert futhi Mozart, ukubeka ngesikhathi Vienna Theatre opera eziningana. Lo mculi uye wasebenza wezinsimbi Philharmonic Berlin, Vienna kanye Amsterdam, kwenziwa kanye ezifana bopiyano abanamakhono efana Lang Lang futhi Friedrich Gulda. Eminyakeni elandelayo, repertoire yandile Harnoncourt. Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, wakwazi ukubeka cishe yonke imisebenzi kwavusa isithakazelo sakhe. Umqhubi azenzile izingoma zomculo by uHaydn, Vivaldi, Handel, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Offenbach, Wagner, Dvorak, uBrahms nezinye zabuna. Ngaphezu Umqhubi, wathola ithuba ukufundisa ngesikhathi Mozarteum Conservatory, udokotela zokuhlonipha ka okwakukhona kusukela 2008

Nikolaus Harnoncourt: albhamu, izincwadi kanye imiklomelo

Jwayelana umsebenzi Harnoncourt namuhla kungaba ngenxa albhamu yakhe. Inombolo yabo kunzima ukunikeza ilandelana. Okunengi albhamu ikhishwe kanye Ensemble Concentus Musicus Wien, umholi ongenambangi zazo kwaba eside isikhathi umqhubi.

Harnoncourt ubuqambi basonta izihloko eziningi musicological eyanyatheliswa ngo eziningi ehlonishwayo umculo izincwadi. Funda indatshana umqhubi ezidumile kungaba encwadini "abantu besikhathi Yami Yezindaba Bach, Mozart, Monteverdi," esanyatheliswa kuyi-Russian ngo-2005.

Ukuze ezifezwayo ubuciko Nikolaus Harnoncourt ngokuphindaphindiwe ukhishwa imiklomelo ehlonishwayo. Ngo-1997, ekunyusweni classic umqhubi Robert Schumann Prize waklonyeliswa. Emsebenzini okwalandela Harnoncourt waphawula indondo "Grammy" futhi "Kyoto", kanye Leipzig Bach indondo.

Ukunakekela art nokufa

Harnoncourt wafunda kokuqhuba ukuba Esegugile. Eminyakeni 85, wahlala asebenzayo, egcwele amandla futhi ugqozi. esesimweni esihle kakhulu somzimba wamvumela ukumelana okukhulu ekhonsathini isheduli kanye ukunakekela ingxenye izintatheli abathandi art. Harnoncourt awuzange uhlela umhlalaphansi, kwadingeka izinhlelo abaningi bakhathazekile ngekusasa. Kodwa yobudala wathatha yakhe, futhi ngo-December 15, 2015 Conductor esesho amazwi esemthethweni phezu ekupheleni kwenkonzo yakhe. Isizathu sokuba isinqumo ezingalindelekile kwabaningi kwaba Ukuwohloka kwempilo yakhe ngenxa yokugula okunzima.

Harnoncourt wafa 5 Mashi 2016 edolobheni Austrian St. Georgen im Attergau. Esikhathini zikhathi bokugcina bokuphila kwakhe naye kwaba umkakhe, izingane nabazukulu bezifundo. umqhubi Omkhulu futhi umculi, uye waphila iminyaka 86. ukuthandwa Harnoncourt babudlangile kangaka emhlabeni, ukuthi ngokufa kwakhe ibikwe zonke iziteshi ezinkulu zikamabonakude, iziteshi zomsakazo kanye namaphephandaba zomhlaba. Inhliziyo umbhidisi oluvelele wayeka kushaywa, kodwa umculo wakhe uzohlala phakade ukuqoshwa, ukunika amandla esizukulwaneni ngasinye esilandelayo ukuze bajabulele ubuhle umculo classic ekusebenzeni eyiqiniso.