Uhlelo lweSapsan multifunctional system missile

Izenzakalo ezimbi zamuva e-Ukraine ziye zembula izimo eziningi ezibangele ukuhlukunyezwa okukhulu kwebutho laleli zwe phakathi nokusebenza kwezempi, okuthiwa yi-antiterrorist operation. Phakathi kwabo, ukungabi namakhanda afanelekayo kuwo wonke amazinga, ukubuyela emuva kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nenkinga ejulile yohlelo lokuphathwa. Izikhali ziyizibonelo zobuchwepheshe obungapheli, okubhalwa isikhathi eside emazweni angomakhelwane. Phakathi kwabo, ama rocket "Tochka-U". Umbuzo uvela ngokuthi yini abahlela ukuyibeka esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Kuze kube yamuva, bakholelwa ukuthi i-PTR entsha "i-Sapsan" izongena esikhundleni se-"Skat" eyinkimbinkimbi, eyayingasasebenzi eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Izinto zikhona kanjani emkhakheni wokuvuselela kabusha amandla e-tactical e-Ukrainian?

Imibuzo, imibuzo

Njengoba kubikwa ubuholi bamanje base-Ukraine, ukuhlukunyezwa kwangaphandle kwaseRussia lapho kwenzeka khona kungabangela ukuwa okuphelele nokushesha kokuzivikela kwayo. Phakathi kwezizathu eziyinhloko zokuntuleka kweMpi Yezempi ukulwa hhayi nje ukucasula ibutho laseRussia, kodwa futhi nanoma iyiphi enye indlela yokulwa, abahlaziyi bebiza ukungabi khona kwesistimu yesimiso sokusebenza kanye nesimiso samanje. "I-Falcon yasePeregrine", eye yathuthukiswa kusukela ngo-2007, ayikho ngempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kukaPavel Lebedev, owayenguNgqongqoshe wezokuVikela ngo-2013, akukhona nje umkhiqizo wokuhlola, kodwa ngisho nemibhalo yokwakha yobuchwepheshe. Le phrojekthi yachitha imali, umphumela wenzalo. Ubani ozobe esithwala isijeziso salokhu futhi ngubani ongabekwa icala ngalesi simo? Ingabe ngempela lokho kubi? Iyini indlela yokuphuma, uma ngempela impi izoqala? Kunemibuzo eminingi kunezimpendulo. Iqiniso libalulekile: ayikho uhlelo lweSapsan missile e-Ukraine.

Kusuka ku "Borisfen" kuya ku- "Sapsan"

Ukungakwazi ukuzivikela kwe-Ukraine akuphikalanga phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokuzimela kwaleli zwe. Kakade ngo-1994, kwenziwa isinqumo esiphezulu sokuqala umsebenzi emisebenzini eyinkimbinkimbi ye-missile eyedlula ama-Soviet analogues ngamakhono, futhi eminyakeni emithathu kamuva yanyatheliswa nguMkhandlu Wezokuphepha wezwe. I-executor yamiswa i-Dnepropetrovsk design bureau "Yuzhnoe", okuyinto ibhizinisi iphrofayli ehamba phambili. Le phrojekthi "Borisfen", eyaqala ngo-1994, isinyathelo sokuqala esithathwe ukuxazulula le nkinga. Isisekelo sasiwukuthuthukiswa kwengxube ye "Thunder", eyayilungiselelwe ukukhiqizwa ngaphandle, mhlawumbe ngisho nokwazisa ithemba lokubakhathalela eMnyango Wezokuvikela waseRussia. Imisebenzi yaqhutshwa kuze kube ngu-2003, kodwa yamiswa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemali. UMengameli waseYushchenko, owafika esikhundleni sokuba umqondisi wangaphambili we-Yuzhmash, uLD Kuchma, ngo-2006 waqala ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo oluphelele lwe-Ukrainian Sapsan missile futhi wabelwa izigidigidi eziyishumi nambili zamaRandi. Mhlawumbe, le mali yayibonakala sengathi ikhulu kakhulu.

Kusuka kumdwebo kuya kuphrojekthi

Iphrojekthi ehleliwe yayilungile ngo-2010. Wasebenzisa imali eyizigidi ezingu-6 800 zamaRandi ezilinganiselwe emalini eyabelwe. Ukuklama okuqondile kudinga izindleko ezengeziwe, kanti izimali ezisele azikwanele. Iqiniso liwukuthi uhlelo lwe-missile yinto ethandekayo, ikakhulukazi esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa. U-Yuzhnoye nomqondisi jikelele we-National Space Agency (NKA) bathembisa ukuletha umphumela ngo-2011, kodwa kuphela uma kwenzeka kuhlelwa imali. Lo mbuzo wawunzima, imali yayingenamkhawulo. Ekuqaleni konyaka, manje inhloko entsha yombuso u-V. Yanukovych uthe ngezindleko zokwakha uhlelo lwe-missile ye-Sapsan enani lika-3.5 billion hryvnia ngo-2015, uzobe esilungele futhi uzoya emabuthweni. Izokwakhiwa e-Ukraine, kusukela ezinkampanini zasekhaya nasezingxenyeni, ngokuhlanganyela kwamabhizinisi angamashumi ayisikhombisa enkampanini yokuzivikela. Isikhathi esiphezulu size kube ngu-2017. Ngo-2012, u-AP Kushnarev wamiswa njengenhloko yomnyango. Imali yabelwe, yokuqala engu-105, bese-ke yonke i-hryvnia yezigidi ezingu-196. Lezi zindleko zizobizwa ngokuthi zingasebenzi.

Izinkinga

Ukuthatha isinqumo ngo-2013 ukuvala iphrojekthi futhi uyeke ukuyixhasa, uP. Lebedev kungenzeka ukuthi wayezikhohlisile isimo. Kodwa-ke, enye inketho ayikwazi ukukhishwa, lowo lapho umnyango womnyango wezempi wazi khona isimo sangempela sezinto, kodwa, ohlangothini lwangokomzwelo walolu daba, ngokungahambi kahle ukudukisa umphakathi. Ingabe uNgqongqoshe wazi ukuthi esikhundleni samakhomitha angaba ngu-200 million KB, ukuthuthukisa i- "sapsan" eyinkimbinkimbi yokusebenza neyinkimbinkimbi "(lokhu kuyi-Ukrainian, emisindo yaseRussia efana ne-system esebenzayo neyinkimbinkimbi ye-missile) yathola imali eyabelwe isabelomali kanye nabambalwa Ukudlulela kwezigidi ezingu-68? Mhlawumbe, waqagela, kungenjalo ngabe kuzodingeka axoshwe ngenxa yokungakwazi.

Leapfrog yokukhonza

Ngo-2012 kwakungekho nhlobo imali. Futhi kulo nyaka ka-2013 ngaleso sikhathi, futhi. Esikhathini esiphelile kusukela ekuqaleni komsebenzi, izikhonzi zezokuvikela zashintsha ngamunye ngokulandelana kukaGritsenko-Yekhanurov-I-Ivashchenko-Yezhel-Salamatin futhi, ekugcineni, uLebedev. Noma akekho kubo owayenesithakazelo ku-Sapsan, noma yonke into, kusukela ekubukeni kwayo, yayihlelekile.

Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi enye yezinhlelo zokuvikela ezibaluleke kakhulu ishiywe ingalindelwe yizikhonzi ezishintshayo kanye nabongameli. Kukhona amasheke, nemibiko futhi. Isimo sezindaba no-Sapsan asikwazanga ukumangala, wonke umuntu wayazi kahle ukuthi imali ayingabelwe, futhi umsebenzi wamiswa ngempela. Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ukuthi le nkinga isuka ngokuzumayo. Akekho oshaya i-alamu ...

Sizokudubula ngani?

Manje into esemqoka, okungukuthi, isistimu ye-missile ye-Sapsan neyendlela yokusebenza kufanele ibe njani, ngokusho komsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe kanye nenhloso yokuklama. Into esemqoka kuyo i-rocket.

I-Ukraine yizwe elingenayo i-nyukliya, ngakho ukusetshenziswa kwezimpi ezinamacala akhethekile akukhishwe ngenxa yezizathu zokucabanga. Ngenxa yezizathu zezomnotho, uhlelo - ngokwemigomo - lunikezwa ithuba lokuqhuba umlilo ngezinhlobo ezintathu zemicibisholo enezinyathelo ezihlukene zokuhlukumeza ezihloswe ngezinhlobonhlobo: i-ballistic, anti-aircraft nokulwa nomkhumbi. Ngakho-ke, ububanzi bezenzo zamagobolondo abufani. Yimuphi - ithebula lizobonisa.

Ukusabalala kwe-hits kuvunyelwe ebangeni kusukela kumamitha amabili ukuya ku-200, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwenqubo yokulawula kanye nenhloko. Ubuningi be-rocket buhlukile, okulula kunazo zonke yi-zenith (1.1 amathani), kunzima kunabo bonke ama-ballistic (3.3 amathani), futhi phakathi phakathi kwabo - ukulwa nomkhumbi (2.1 amathani). Izixuku eziphonsayo nazo zihlukile: inkulu kunazo zonke i-ballistic munition (480 kg). Cishe ingxenye yethani yamakasekethi akwazi ukubulala zonke izinto eziphilayo endaweni engamamitha ayizi-10 000, noma i-monoblock yamandla amakhulu. Ama-anti-air-munitions ase-BC - ukuqhuma okuqhubekayo-ampoule uhlobo. Amakholi azo zonke izinhlobo ayingxenye eyodwa.

Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi

Ngokomumo wayo ojwayelekile, uhlelo lwe-missile ye-Sapsan liyunithi yebhethri equkethe ukuthunyelwa komyalo weselula nemishini elandelayo: ukulungiselela idatha yokuqala, ukuthuthwa kwezokuthutha, ukwesekwa kwe-geological, ukugcinwa, ukuqapheliswa kokulwa kanye neziqalisi ezimbili noma ezintathu ezizimele. I-UE ngayinye kumele ithwale iziqukathi zokuthutha ezokuthutha, lapho i-projectile iqaliswa khona ngendlela yokuhamba. Ingasebenza ngokuzimela kumodi ezenzakalelayo. Imoto ngayinye yebhethri isekelwe ku-chassis enamasondo amaningi enamasondo amaningi (okungenzeka ukuthi yenzelwe i-KrAZ noma i-Morozov Design Bureau), esimweni esithwale, ubuningi bayo akumele budlule amathani angu-21. Ukuze uqale, ungasebenzisa okuthunyelwe komyalo weselula, i-console eyikude, noma ukukhipha kukhishi lomqhubi. Isikhathi sokuletha ukulungela okuphelele ukulwa - kungapheli imizuzu engu-20. Lapha, ngokujwayelekile, nakho konke okuyaziwa ngephrojekthi ye-IFPC eyinkimbinkimbi ye-missile "Sapsan". Lona uhlelo.

Inkinga yinkimbinkimbi

Nakulokhu, ngokwalolu hlelo, lolu hlobo lwezikhali kufanele lusetshenziswe njengendlela ephumelelayo yokuvimbela isitha esingaba khona uma kwenzeka ingozi yokuhlukunyezwa okukhulu. Uma kungekho isikhali se nyukliya ku-arsenal, sihlala sincike ekubhekaneni nezinhlamvu eziphezulu eziqhuma kakhulu ezikwazi ukushaya izakhiwo ezinkulu zezitha nezimoto zokuzivikela endaweni eqhele ngamakhilomitha angamakhulu amahlanu uma kutholakala endaweni encane. Isistimu ye-missile yeSapsan ene-missile ye-ballistic ingasetshenziselwa ukuvimbela izinhlelo zokulawula, kufaka phakathi ikomkhulu, izikhungo zokuxhumana, izindawo zokugcina impahla, iziteshi zesitimela, izindawo zokungena ezindizeni kanye nezinye izakhi zengqalasizinda. Ukuqokwa kwezimpahla zokulwa nokulwa nemikhumbi kuboniswa igama labo, elingadingi imibono. Impikiswano kuphela ngokumelene nale universal yukuthi noma iyiphi inqubo eningi yokusebenza isebenza kuzo zonke izinto ezitholakalayo ezimbi kakhulu kunezinye ezikhethekile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu isimo sezomnotho siba khona.

Kungani "Luch" izobhekana kangcono?

Manje sekuyisikhathi sokubuyela embuzweni walokho okwenze ukuba ubuholi bezempi benqabe ukuqhubeka nokuxhasa imali yephrojekthi yeSapsan. Isistimu ye-missile eminingi yokusebenza yamabutho ase-Ukraine isadingeka, kungokuthi ngokusho kwe-version esemthethweni umculi wayengakapheli, akazange aphile ngokulindelwe, futhi kudingeka adluliselwe. Inhlangano itholakala futhi, engathunyelwa emsebenzini - KB "Luch" yaseKiev. Akungabazeki ezifundweni eziphakeme kakhulu zongcweti zaleli bureau. Kukhona imibuzo emibili kuphela: okokuqala, bayokwazi yini ukubhekana nomsebenzi ngokungabikho noma ukuntuleka kwemali? Okwesibili, bayodinga isikhathi esingakanani ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi engeyona eyinhloko kubo? Iqiniso liwukuthi u-Luch uhlanganyela ohlelweni lwe-anti-tank missile, njengama-"Amavuna" aseMelika kakhulu, okwamanje uhulumeni ozama ukuthenga ngentengo isigamu sezigidi ukuze kubekwe isethi (futhi lokhu kuyesibili!) Ngaphandle. Ukuqaphela ukuthi isidingo sokungenisa izinto sikhona, ngezimali ezivela "Ray", futhi, izinto azizona indlela engcono kakhulu.

Mayelana nesimo sezwe

Bavala imiklamo yezikhali e-Ukraine kaningi. Kodwa-ke, uhlelo lokudala uhlelo lwe-missile ye-tactical "Sapsan" luhlukile kwezinye, ezingabalulekanga kakhulu ngoba luyingxenye yesu elibhekiswe kulo lonke izwe, okungaphandle kwalo, okubandakanya izindawo ezintathu kuphela: ukwakhiwa kwama-corvettes we-Navy, i-70 izindiza zokuthutha indiza yempi (I-Own kanye nezwe langaphandle) kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulahla kwezikhali. Ngakho-ke, zonke izinto ezibalulekile zokuzivikela zikahulumeni zingabalelwa eminwe. Futhi enye enye izohlala endaweni yokugcina. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lo msebenzi ubaluleke kakhulu, futhi ngaphandle kokuthatha isinqumo ngokuzimela nokuthembeka kokuvikelwa kwemingcele kanye nenkulumo ayikwazi.

Yini elandelayo?

Futhi wokugcina, noma yikuphi, kodwa umbuzo ophuthumayo: ibutho lase-Ukraine liyobe lihlaselwe nini neSapsans? Ayikho impendulo ecacile kuyo. Izwe lilawulwa yimpi yezempi. Kudinga izindleko ezinkulu zansuku zonke, kanti ukulahleka okubonakalayo okukhiqizayo kukhula ngaso sonke isikhathi. I-Ukraine isongela ukuwa, nokuletha iphrojekthi kwisigaba sokukhiqiza, ngokusho kuka- A. Degtyarev , umklami oyinhloko we-design bureau, inani elingu-3 billion ezigidigidi ezingu-700 hryvnia liyadingeka. Uma kunikezwe, izivivinyo zingaqaliswa ngo-2018. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kulinganiselwa kubalwa ngalezo zinsuku zamuva, lapho izinga le-dollar lalihluke kakhulu, futhi ukukhuphuka kwamandla emali, nakuba kwenzeka, kepha akuzange kukhishwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umengameli wase-Ukraine nohulumeni bangase babe nezinye izinto ezikhathazayo.