Uhlelo kwamakhotho ukulamula umbango we Russian Federation. I Ukwakheka kohlelo ukulamula umbango we Russian Federation

izingxabano Economic, okungukuthi, lezo ezihilela ezintweni ezihlukahlukene zomnotho eRussia zingaxazululeka ngosizo izinkantolo ukulamula umbango. Yiziphi imininingwane umsebenzi wabo? Iziphi izimiso elawula imisebenzi ukulamula umbango?

Umsebenti izinkantolo ukulamula umbango

Cabanga isiqalo ke, onquma lokho imisebenzi lwebulungisa kwamakhotho ukulamula umbango we Russian Federation. ngokucacile labo kuchazwa ahlukene kahulumeni isenzo zokulawula - APC RF. Ngokuhambisana Ikhodi, uhlelo kwamakhotho ukulamula umbango we Russian Federation ukuzixazulula izinkinga ezihlobene nesincumo, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, izingxabano kwezomnotho - nalezo ezihilela izinhlangano yebhizinisi: osomabhizinisi, izinkampani ezahlukene zamabhizinisi, izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe.

Imisebenzi ezikhungo ezithintekile zokwahlulela kulawulwa APC kanye nakweminye imibhalo yemithetho, ikakhulukazi Federal Umthetho womthethosisekelo kuTinkhantolo Arbitration. Esikhathini uhla lwemisebenzi ukuxazulula izikhungo ibhekwa zihlanganisa:

• Ukuvikelwa amalungelo nezithakazelo abantu bazibandakanya emsebenzini owodwa owenziwe ibhizinisi, kanye neziphathimandla nomasipala emkhakheni ibhizinisi;
• ekuqinisekiseni ukutholakala ukulamula umbango ubulungiswa amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene;
• isinqumo fair kwenzinye izingxabano phakathi nesikhathi esibekelwe okwamukelekile;
• beqinisa isikhungo komthetho, ukuba semthethweni kanye nokuvinjelwa emacaleni endaweni yomsebenzi wezomnotho;
• nasekukhuthazeni ukuhlonishwa kwabantu kanye nezinhlangano umthetho;
• imisebenzi imikhumbi, ukukhuthazwa yentuthuko phakathi izinhlangano ukubambisana;
• izimiso ibhizinisi zokuxhumana.

isiqondiso normative kohlelo izinkantolo ukulamula umbango

Manje ake sixoxe kabanzi yilokhu normative izenzo uhlelo ngokomthetho kwamakhotho ukulamula umbango we Russian Federation. Umthombo eyisisekelo umthetho, okumelwe lusekelwe emsebenzini ukulamula umbango njengoba ngempela, noma yiziphi izikhungo, izakhamuzi nezinhlangano - uMthethosisekelo Russian. Ngokucacile, oda kokuqhutshwa arbitral ngokuyinhloko kunqunywa umthetho wombuso, kanye:

• Federal Umthetho womthethosisekelo "On the Judicial System";
• Federal Umthetho womthethosisekelo "Ngo ezinkantolo umbango";
• APC RF;
• neminye imithetho kahulumeni, kwenkululeko ezisabalele ukuze imisebenzi ukulamula umbango.

RF APC obeka indinganiso, owawuthi izinhlinzeko zoMthetho isivumelwano samazwe kufanele sisetshenziswe ku Russian Federation, uma ubeka ezinye izimiso naleyo fixed kule nomthetho. Ekulalelweni kumele kusetshenziswe kuphela amalungiselelo samanje umthetho. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi umuntu noma enye into evamile ngaphakathi komthetho nenqubo, esidingeka kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda imiphumela ubudlelwane ezithile ezingokomthetho kohlaka umhlangano alikho umthetho, uhlelo kwamakhotho ukulamula umbango we Russian Federation ubophekile ukuba siqondiswe isimiso of Isifaniso komthetho. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana ngxabano umongo kwalokho okuyinkambiso ezifanayo ezingokomthetho elawula ubudlelwane ezihlobene izindawo.

Manje ake sixoxe ngokuthi liyini Arbitration iGceke Russian Federation njengoba isikhungo somthetho esizimele. Ngenxa yalesi siphendukela izinhlinzeko zoMthetho Federal Umthetho womthethosisekelo "Ngo ezinkantolo umbango".

izinkantolo Arbitration njengoba isikhungo somthetho esizimele

Ngokusho komthombo waphawula komthetho, ukulamula umbango kuyinto izinkantolo sikahulumeni. Lesi simiso sihlanganisa ezikhungo ezithintekile:

• ezinkantolo umbango circumferential (kunjalo futhi Ephakeme);
• izinkantolo zokwahlulela amacala;
• izinkantolo Isivivinyo yezihloko RF;
• emakhotho akhethekileko.

Ngaphambili, ejensi ophambili ngaphakathi ohlelweni olufanele unguMbusi Ophakeme Arbitration iGceke Russian Federation. Nokho, ngo-2014 sivumele isishaya-mthetho ukuba nokuqalisa izinguquko, okwaphumela SAC imisebenzi usuthathwe eNkantolo Ephakeme. Ake sihlole kabanzi izici yalezi zinguquko emthethweni zokulawula.

kabusha samajaji 2014

Ngakho, ekuqaleni kuka-2014 sivumele isishaya-mthetho izinyathelo zokwenza isichibiyelo:

• e FKZ "Ngo iNkantolo Ephakeme";
• e FKZ "On isimiso sokwahlulela."

Ngokusho kwabo, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, imisebenzi RF emva kusungulwa izichibiyelo olufanele force ngo-August 2014 lidlule engaphansi kwe-Armed Forces. Kwamiswa inqubo ekhethekile ukuze kwakhiwe indlela yokwakheka amajaji kohlaka Armed Forces, lithole amandla amasha.

Lokhu kuhlelwa kabusha, owawuthi Russian Federation Ephakeme Arbitration Court ukuthi ngempumelelo uyekwa njengenhlangano sikhungo esizimele ilungelo, okubangelwa impela eningi ukugxekwa. Njengoba izazi kubhekwe labo abaluthole ukuthi ekuqaleni possessed Armed Forces, akulula ukuba athuthele ezingeni kwezinye izikhungo zombuso. Kule ndaba, ngokusho kongoti, kungase wehlise izinga amacala ngaphansi kohlaka ukulamula umbango ekuqhutshweni.

Kunoma yikuphi, izinguquko zokwahlulela uhlelo zenzeka. Noma yimuphi iGceke Russian Federation Arbitration ekhipha imisebenzi yayo uma sicabangela iqiniso lokuthi egunyeni eliphakeme kunawo wonke yokuxazulula ukungezwani kwezomnotho okwamanje Armed Forces.

Manje cabanga izici ethile kwezinhlobo ezithile izinkantolo ukulamula umbango, ezikhonjiswe yithi ngenhla: esifundeni, amacala, enza indima Okokuqala Ngokwesibonelo kwezikhungo ukuthi usebenze ezingeni yezihloko RF, kanye ezikhethekile. Ngenxa yalesi siphendukela izinhlinzeko zoMthetho Federal Umthetho womthethosisekelo "On isimiso sokwahlulela."

izinkantolo District: izici okwenza imisebenzi

Ngakho, lesi simiso izinkantolo ukulamula umbango we Russian Federation kuhlanganisa izikhungo ukuthi imisebenzi yabo ezingeni lesifunda. Lezi Ukulamula futhi Ephakeme. Kungaphawulwa abacabanga ukuthi izingxabano ngalesi okokuqala. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izifunda ukulamula umbango ngokuhambisana nomthetho, njengabakhulu ezikhungweni ezifana:

• EKhotho yokuDlulisa amaCala of Arbitration;
• izikhungo ukuthi imisebenzi ezingeni yezihloko RF.

Kulokhu, zombili izinhlobo izinhlangano kumele itholakale kwi insimu besifunda, ngaphandle ezinye izimiso kungukuthi kuhlathululiwe kumThetho-umthetho-sisekelo wezwe. Ngokufanayo, amandla, ukwakheka algorithm, kanye nenqubo yokuhlela umsebenzi izinkantolo sesifunda esisungulwe ezingeni we FCL.

izinkantolo yesikhalazo

Empeleni, inkantolo yokudlulisela amacala ukulamula umbango njengoba isikhungo somthetho esizimele ukhona ngaphakathi ohlelweni olufanele. amandla bakhona futhi lishone Russian Federal Umthetho womthethosisekelo. Ngaphansi kwalokho enekhono lakho, lezi zinhlangano bengase babheke isimo uma kwenzeka kuba nezimo ezintsha noma esanda engahlosiwe.

Arbitration ezindaweni Russian

Izibonelo izikhungo ezifanele - inkantolo arbitral noma emaphethelweni endaweni, lapho akha isihloko ehlukile Russian Federation. Amandla eziyisisekelo kulezi zinhlangano abahlangene kwebulungisa ezingeni okokuqala, kanye nezimo ezintsha noma esanda sekukhona.

Isihloko Russian Federation, futhi ubhekwa umuzi ukubaluleka sikahulumeni. Ngakho, kukhona inkantolo ukulamula umbango we eMoscow, eSt Petersburg. imisebenzi yayo kanye namandla we-ejensi afanele embuzweni. Arbitration Inkantolo yesifunda eMoscow ezosebenza ngokuzimela kusukela enhlokodolobha. I Kungashiwo okufanayo we Petersburg Leningrad esifundeni. I Arbitration Court Petersburg ukuzixazulula ingxabano eqhamuka phakathi nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomnotho ukuthi usebenze emzini. Arbitration e Leningrad esifundeni sizoxoxa amacala ayehilela amafemu, emelela izifunda abafanele.

Arbitration iGceke ensimini noma olunye uhlobo ibhizinisi likahulumeni wase-Russian Federation lucwaningo imisebenzi yayo ngendlela, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni kanye nezikhungo langaphambilini, kunqunywa ezingeni we umthetho-sisekelo wezwe.

Olunye uhlobo ukulamula umbango - iyona emakhotho akhethekileko. Baphinde babe isimo sikahulumeni. Cabangela izici umsebenzi wabo kabanzi.

Ukulamula Akhethekile

Empeleni, ezikhethekile izinkantolo federal kungenzeka ukulamula umbango ngokuzikhethela. Kungenzeka ukuthi imisebenzi ehlobene amacala zokuphatha kanye yombango, okuyinto ngokuvamile itholakala endaweni ethile yezinkantolo yomthetho jikelele. Nokho, uma kunesidingo, bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi izinkantolo ezikhethekile. I-oda kumiswa zabo, njengoba kunjalo nezinye izinhlaka, ezifana District, Isikhalazo, eNkantolo noma esifundeni Arbitration weRiphabhulikhi, indawo kunqunywa ezingeni FCL.

Inkantolo amalungelo empahla

Isibonelo ukulamula ezikhethekile - Inkantolo amalungelo empahla. Le nhlangano ibheka izingxabano ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwamalungelo. Kulokhu, iNkantolo Ephakeme Yase amalungelo empahla ngesikhathi esifanayo enegunya ngoba kwebulungisa ezingeni kwezine zokuqala futhi Ephakeme.

Ngakho, sabuka eyisisekelo ulwazi mayelana uhlelo kwamakhotho ukulamula umbango we Russian Federation, okuyinto isikhungo lalimelela. It kuyoba usizo sihlole ezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama zalesi simiso. Ikakhulukazi ngendlela amajaji esinqunyiweyo ukulamula umbango. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thina sibuyele izinhlinzeko zoMthetho Federal Umthetho womthethosisekelo "Ngo ezinkantolo umbango", kanye umphelelisi emthethweni.

Ukuqokwa kubahluleli ukulamula umbango

Ukuqokwa kasihlalo kanjalo namasekela abo, kanye abahluleli ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko kuzo zonke izinhlobo izikhungo:

• Federal Umthetho womthethosisekelo "On the Judicial System";
• "On the Isimo yabaHluleli" umthetho Russian Federation.

Isimo main isakhamuzi ngabelwa Arbitration Court eMoscow ngaphansi kwazo, Petersburg, yesifunda, esifundzeni, esigodzini, - ukuze uthole imvume Ukufaneleka Board. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, umzimba uyakuyikhazimulisa anqume ngesikhathi kukhishwa amajaji esuka ehhovisi. Noma kunjalo, kungaba ukuvusela iBhodi izigwegwe ye-RF Armed Forces.

imisebenzi ngezimali ukulamula umbango

Esinye isici umsebenzi ukulamula ukuba sitadishe - uxhaso. It wenziwa ngezithukuthuku isabelomali sikahulumeni. Ukukhokhela kwetinkhantolo Armed Forces Kwenziwa ikhumbula isikhundla uMnyango Judicial. Ngakho, ukugcinwa ezakhiweni olucutshungulwayo Kwenziwa liphakathi. I Arbitration iGceke Region eMoscow, inhloko-dolobha, County isebenzisa isabelomali sikahulumeni.

Usayizi kanye nesakhiwo Ukulamula

Cabangela futhi indlela esidalwe lapho umthetho we Russian Federation ilawulwa ubukhulu nokwakheka kwalezi zikhungo. Kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi izibalo amiswa umthetho-mali, ngoba, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, imiklomelo arbitral eyotholakala ngemihlomulo isabelomali isimo. Kulokhu, ubukhulu nokwakheka kwayo izikhungo ezithile zokwahlulela, ezifana Arbitration Court Petersburg, eMoscow, izifunda, ezindaweni kanye wokuzimisela Armed Forces ngokuvumelana nemingcele emiswe emthethweni kwesabelomali.

I-apharathasi kwesihlalo sokwahlulela arbitral

Esinye isici izikhungo kubhekwe ukuthi kuyoba usizo ukufunda, - ukusebenza idivayisi. Lokhu umzimba unesibopho ukusekelwa yenhlangano umsebenzi we ukulamula umbango. Lengamela ezifanele kudivayisi usihlalo ethize kwesihlalo sokwahlulela arbitral. Imisebenzi esemqoka okumele zithathwe yile umzimba:

• owandulela ukuqulwa kwecala yokuvuma abantu bahileleke izingxabano ubani;
• ethola wokukhipha kwemibhalo ahlukahlukene, ukuqaliswa audit zabo;
• lula umsebenzi amajaji njengengxenye sokulungiselela yabo ukuze kuhlolwe ukungezwani;
• ukugcina amarekhodi izimo ezahlukene;
• ukufunda futhi afingqe oyisazi abasafufusa;
• Ukulungiselela iziphakamiso ahlukahlukene ukwethula izichibiyelo ezidingekayo umthetho;
• ulwazi kanye incwadi;
• Amarekhodi ezibalo for imisebenzi esemqoka;
• Logistics lesikhungo;
• ukusekela ukuphoqelelwa ekhishwe yinkantolo.

Lemisebenti labasebenzi bekhotho kulawulwa ilungiselelo elikhethekile. Eyamukelwa yeKambiso yayo uMnyango RF Armed Forces. Ukuze ukubhekana nezindaba eziphakamayo kuhlolwe izimo, umshini wabo uya iqembu abeluleki abakufanelekelayo ngomberego. Inani labasebenzi kubhekwe izikhungo amadivayisi, hhayi kuhlangene nabasebenzi abathintekayo ekuvikelweni, kwetakhiwo, ukugcinwa imishini ezokuthutha, kuchazwa emthethweni isabelomali.

Ukwakheka kanye nenani ukulamula umbango apharathasi efakwe usihlalo enkantolo, kuncike isivumelwano uMnyango yeKambiso e-Armed Forces okusekelwe izinkomba zichazwe ezingeni oshayiwe isabelomali. abasebenzi Inkantolo ingase ibe isimo bakahulumeni. amalungelo abo kanye nemisebenzi zinqunywa ahlukene imithetho yombuso kanye nezinye izenzo zomthetho yokutholwa ukuze nokwandisa uhlelo wesi zomthetho bakahulumeni. Amalungelo nemisebenzi labasebenzi bekhotho abangenayo bakahulumeni isimo, enganyelwe Code Labour.

isifinyezo

Ngakho safunda izici uhlelo kwamakhotho ukulamula umbango we Russian Federation. Labo abamelelwa 4 izinhlobo eziyisisekelo: circumferential, isikhalazo, imikhumbi RF izifundo, kanye ukulamula umbango ezikhethekile.

Lemisebenti ezikhungo ezithintekile kulawulwa umthetho kahulumeni. Kusukela 2014 ubuchwepheshe eliphakeme ohlelweni ukulamula umbango iNkantolo Ephakeme. Yena unesibopho kumiswa kweqembu lamajaji ezikhungweni ezithile ngaphakathi kwalawo imingcele abasebenzi izinombolo, okuyinto asethwe umthetho kwesabelomali. It yena, kunquma ukuthi le ndlela ibe usekelwa ezinkantolo umbango Russian.

izikhungo Kubhekwe yokuxazulula ukungezwani kwezomnotho kanye iqhaza osomabhizinisi, izinkampani ibhizinisi, ohulumeni. Inhlangano womsebenzi ukulamula umbango ekusebenziseni ejensi e iyunithi yabo.