Federal Umthetho womthethosisekelo we Russian Federation

Kuwo wonke umbuso has ohlelweni lwaso zomthetho, isekelwe esikweni, ezingeni wobulungisa, kutepolitiki, kanye nezinye izici eziningi. Nokho, isici esibalulekile yiluphi uhlelo ezinjalo iyinhlangano esemthethweni izikhungo amandla yomculo.

Legal isisekelo State

Russia - izwe nge uhlelo sikahulumeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingxenye yalo, kukhona abadlali nge ukuzimela ezithile, kuhlanganise zomthetho. Lokhu kuletha izinguquko inqubo umthetho wokwenza. Umthetho main soMthethosisekelo wethu ivunyelwe ngo-1993, okuyinto kusungulwa eziyisisekelo izinqubo zenqubo futhi izinhlobo imithetho, ezisebenza endaweni WaseRussia. Phakathi nale nkathi, ezweni lethu kukhona umzimba ekhethekile asimeme - eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo. Kuhloswe ukuba afeze Lwezobulungiswa oluzimele esekelwe kwezinkambiso yoMthetho Eyisisekelo. Umthethosisekelo omusha wezwe lakithi esungulwe izimiso womsebenzi yomzimba, futhi ehlobo lika-1994, zoMthetho Federal "Ngo iGceke Russian Federation yoMthethosisekelo", ebheka amaphuzu ayinhloko kule yunithi zomthetho. Ikakhulu, wasungula inqubo ukwakheka yoMthethosisekelo yiNkantolo, lowo ambalwa kanye qualitative yokwakheka amajaji, kanye nenqubo ukuqokwa uMongameli weNkantolo.

Ukwahlukanisa umthetho Russian

Umthetho wamisa ukwabelana zonke zomthetho izenzo ku ezimbili: imithetho kanye neziqondiso. Isizathu salokhu kwamangqamuzana kuchazwe impela nje: konke kuncike amandla wezomthetho isenzo normative. Futhi yena, yona, kunqunywa umzimba noma olusemthethweni, noma ukwamukela iyithuluzi elingokomthetho, noma uma sikubeka ngokuqondile, isikhundla umzimba olungokomthetho sabaphathi we uhulumeni. Ngakho-ke, kukhona isimiso kahle elula: ukukhushulelwa kukaKayafase esikhundleni wehhovisi noma isikhungo okungafanele kwamandla, amandla amakhulu ukudlula lawa wezomthetho isenzo. Ezweni lethu, amandla is zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu 3: i-zokwahlulela, mphathi zomthetho, ngamunye ngaphakathi komkhakha yayo yekusebenta kungathatha iziqondiso ezihlukahlukene. Nokho, kusobala ukuthi isishayamthetho uyawuthanda ubuholi, ngakho imithetho yawo yezomthetho ebekwe ziyindlela eyinhloko maqondana nezinye izenzo amagatsha futhi ahlotshiswe ifomu kwemithetho, okuyinto zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: federal imithetho zomthethosisekelo kanye nemithetho kahulumeni.

Ezicashile ekwakhiweni kwemithetho

Ngakho, siye sabona yokwehlayo wesistimu umthetho eRussia. Umzimba omkhulu lo mbuso Federal Assembly, nakho sehlukaniswe emakamelweni amabili: State Duma (endlini ephansi), esakhiwa amasekela 450 akhethwe ngesisekelo alinganayo ivoti eliyimfihlo, kanye Federation Council. Lesi sakamuva siqukethe senators 170 akhethwe umzimba omele nemtsetfo WaseRussia ndaba. Imithetho ezweni lethu wamukela DG, okuyinto yena, ephakeme esenza imithetho isimo, ngakho le mibhalo babe amandla amakhulu kunawo wonke lomthetho futhi nomthelela yonke indawo ezweni lethu. Nokho, phakathi nabo futhi babe kwamangqamuzana zomthetho. Kumi esiqongweni sezindawo Olympus lomthetho-sisekelo Russian, akukho senzo lomthetho ngeke ziyaphikisana ke, kungenjalo izokhanselwa. Omunye isikhundla ngezansi kuyinto umthetho-sisekelo wezwe. Le mithetho lokulawula zomthetho ubuhlobo, livikeleke eziyisisekelo zomthetho isenzo yezwe, kodwa concretise kubo ukwakheka obujulile futhi kahle asethuthukile. Ngisho aphansi imithetho kahulumeni elawula zonke ezinye izinhlobo nokubambisana zomthetho.

imithetho

ERPs (imithetho ngokomthethosisekelo federal) we Russian Federation ngokuya izinombolo nesikhundla ivolumu ezincane kule jikelele zokulawula nohlaka olubhekele isimo. Nokho, ezweni lethu iyinhlangano e isakhiwo, ukuze isistimu komthetho neziqondiso ukwethula WaseRussia. Ngakho-ke, endaweni isimo sethu, isimiso emphumelelo kanye kwamangqamuzana yabo. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Empeleni, konke ulula. Okokuqala, kukhona kuphela beqhuba izifundo RF okuyiwona imithetho kahulumeni yomthethosisekelo, FL (umthetho kahulumeni). Ayikho isenzo normative lamazwe esifundeni angakwazi akuphikisani kuye, kodwa uma kwenzeka, khona-ke kuncike yokukhansela. Okwesibili, kuneminyango izinto ezimbili ethile ye-Federation futhi yayo izifundo, okuyinto futhi azithathe nokazwelonke ngokomthethosisekelo umthetho nokazwelonke umthetho zonke zabo ukwehluka, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-ukuphikisana okufanayo isimiso njengoba yokuqala version. Okwesithathu, kukhona izinto reference kuphela isihloko Russian Federation, futhi lapha, uma kukhona ukuphikisana, ibutho iba n / isenzo isihloko Russian Federation. Kodwa ngisho Kulokhu, akakwazi kungqubuzana uMthethosisekelo Russian.

umthetho yesibili

Manje ake ukubhekana izenzo normative esikhishwe ngqongqotshe. Nazi izimiso efanayo isenzo siyize, njengoba kunjalo umthetho zazo. Inkampani yenethiwekhi eyinhloko amandla esiphezulu ku Russian Federation iyona uMengameli wezwe, ngakho oda sakhe siyoba namandla kunabo bonke. Isikhundla aphansi kuyoba oda Government of ezweni lethu, owakhombisa, kanye UMongameli usebenzisa amandla esiphezulu. Ngisho aphansi - oda zezinkonzo yombuso kanye neminyango. iziqondiso ezifanayo zisebenza kuphela ezifundeni insimu yabo, futhi vzaimopodchineny ngaphansi kohlelo efanayo. Ngesikhathi isikhundla aphansi e sabaphathi kuyoba imibhalo zendawo ukuzibusa ngesimo izixazululo. Zonke izenzo zomthetho yamukelwa emizimbeni okhonzile nezikhulu kungase kuyolungiswa etinkantolo letiphakeme, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi umthetho-sisekelo federal "Ngesisekelo lomthetho State federal" enjalo

Ukuvela isenzo zokulawula

ERussia, umthetho ukwenza egcina izigaba ezinhlanu: isinyathelo zomthetho, izingxoxo (ukufundwa ezintathu), ukuvota, kushaywe nokushicilelwa. kunomehluko zenqubo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Federal Umthetho womthethosisekelo we Russian Federation kwavunyelwana yiningi abafanelekayo, kudinga imvume ezimbili kwezintathu (2/3) lamavoti ku Duma State, futhi ngamakota amathathu (3/4) we RF Federation Council. engavamile yayo wukuthi inhloko yezwe ngeke ayenqabe. Endabeni umthetho kahulumeni uMongameli ayikwazi uyavumelana ukwamukelwa yayo, khona-ke uyahamba sokuthi leli cala liphindele kokubili emakamelweni. Futhi uma kwamukelwa iningi ezimbili emakamelweni ephalamende, kulesi simo, ukuze lisayinwe inhloko WaseRussia. ZoMthetho nezinye amadokhumenti omthetho, kuyoqala ukusebenza emva kokuphela kwezinsuku eziyishumi kusukela ngosuku esimemezelweni yayo. Lona ezosetshenziswa ukudalwa imithetho neziqondiso ezweni lethu.