U-Cellini Benvenuto ungumdwebi onethalente ongumTaliyane

Cellini Benvenuto - umdwebi odumile waseFlorentine, ummeli weMannerism, i-jeweler, umbhali wezincwadi eziningana. Okudumile kunazo zonke kwakuyi-Life of Benvenuto kanye nemikhakha emibili: Kubuciko bokudweba nokucweba. Kulesi sihloko uzonikezwa nge-biography emfushane ye-Italian.

Ubuntwana

U-Cellini Benvenuto wazalwa ngo-1500 eFlorence. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, lo mfana waqala ukukhombisa ikhono lomculo. Ubaba wakhe wazama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuze abathuthukise eBenvenuto, enethemba lokuthi indodana yakhe yayiyokwenza kahle lo msebenzi ngokuphelela. Kodwa u-Cellini omncane ngokwakhe wayengathandi umculo futhi wazizwa engamhloniphi, nakuba ayefunde ukucula kahle nokudlala umcibisholo. Lapho eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala, umdwebi wesikhathi esizayo wayenesithakazelo ekuhlobheni. UBenvenuto wanxusa abazali bakhe ukuba bamthumelele ukuqeqeshwa kweBenjini yegolide. Eminyakeni eyalandela, u-Cellini osemusha wayehamba kakhulu e-Italy, efunda nge-jewellers engcono kakhulu. Ngo-1518 kuphela wabuyela eFlorence.

I-Jewelcrafting

Phakathi neminyaka emihlanu yokuqeqesha kuka-Cellini, uBenvenuto waba ngumdwebi oyingcweti. Ekuqaleni wasebenza edolobheni lakubo, kodwa ngokushesha waya eRoma. Umsebenzi we-apprentice wayengeyona injabulo kakhulu uBenuto, ngoba ingxenye yesithathu yemali eyayihola yayinganikwa umnikazi. Ngaphezu kwekhwalithi yomsebenzi, wadlula ama jewellers amaningi avelele azuza emsebenzini wakhe. Lokhu kwaphoqa le nsizwa ukuba ibuyele ekhaya.

I-workshop eyakho

U-Cellini Benvenuto ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu wathola amakhasimende amaningi. Kodwa ukusebenza ngokuthula ngendwangu yezingubo kwakungathinteki kwezinye izenzakalo zokuphila kwakhe okungenasici. UMkhandlu we-Eight uhlasele iBenvenuto ngokulwa okukhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, le nsizwa kwadingeka ukubalekele emzini, iguqulwe njengesihenqo. Kodwa ngalesi sikhathi, u-Cellini wayesebenzisa indlela avule ngayo workshop yakhe enhloko-dolobha yase-Italy. Insizwa yenza ama-vasese esiliva negolide abahlonishwayo, izindondo ezenziwe ngezingubo namatshe ayigugu aqoshiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uBenvenuto wazi kahle ukwakhiwa kwezimilo kanye nobuciko bokuqothulwa koqweqwe lwawo. IRoma lonke laqaphela igama lakhe. UPapa uClement VII ngokwakhe wayala izinto eziningana ezisuka ku-Cellini. Umsebenzi wokudala waseBenvenuto wawugcwele ukungqubuzana, ukulwa nokuhlukunyezwa. Ukuziphendulela, ukusola nokuthukuthela okuvame ukuwenza insizwa iqiniseke ukuthi iyakulungile ngosizo lomlenze.

Ukushintsha kobuchwepheshe

Ukulwa nobubele kwakusiza u-Cellini ngo-1527. Kwakungaleso sikhathi ukuthi iRoma yayivinjelwe ibutho laseJalimane neSpain. Futhi uBenvenuto waphenduka e-jeweler waba yinqaba yamandla. Kungakapheli inyanga, wasiza amasosha avikele upapa egodlweni eliseSt. Angela. Lokhu kwaqhubeka waze uClement wasayina isivumelwano sokuzinikela. Ngenxa yobuqhawe obuboniswayo, i-jeweler yavuzwa ngokukhululekile.

Ukuphikisa ukuphila nokuboshwa

UBenvenuto Cellini, umsebenzi wakhe owaziwayo ngaphandle kwe-Italy, waqhakambisa umsebenzi wokudala, kodwa waqhubeka ephila impilo engcolile, enza izitha. Njengoba engenawo wesifazane wenhliziyo, umdwebi ushukunyiswa ngokocansi. Ngenxa yalokho, wathatha "isifo sesiFulentshi", esasicishe sanciphisa inkosi yombono. Ngo-1537, ngesikhathi uhambo oluya eFlorence, wahlushwa umkhuhlane omkhulu. Kodwa inhlekelele enkulu kunazo zonke ukuboshwa kwaba ukuboshwa. U-Cellini usolwa ngokuphanga amatshe ayigugu negolide kusukela enqabeni yasePapa ngesikhathi evikela iminyaka eyishumi edlule. Naphezu kokuthi zonke izinsolo zahlaselwa, le jeweler yachitha iminyaka emithathu ejele.

EParis

Ngo-1540, uBenvenuto Cellini, oqoshiwe owaziwa kuwo wonke umhlaba, weza eParis futhi wathola umsebenzi enkantolo. Inkosi yajabula kakhulu ngezinto ezenziwe yinkosi. Wathanda ngokukhethekile isibalo sesiliva sikaJupiter, esasetshenziswa njengesibani esikhulu sebani. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, u-Cellini waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye inkantolo yaseFrance ngenxa yezinkathazo nokuzidela evulekile ngethalenta lakhe.

Izithombe

Eminyakeni eyalandela, uBenvenuto wahlanganyela ekwenzeni imabula ("Venus and Cupid", "Narcissus", "Apollo neHyacinth", "Ganymede") nokukhiqiza izinto ezihlukahlukene zokunethezeka. Kodwa isithombe sakhe esithandekayo kakhulu, lapho asebenza khona nsuku zonke, kwakuyi "Perseus enenhloko yeMedusa". Inkosi yenza lokho iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Ekuqaleni i-Cellini yakha i-wax, bese imidwebo ye-plaster yokudweba ngokugcwele. Lapho sekufika isikhathi sokukhipha "Perseus" esethusi, inkosi yalahla umkhuhlane. UBenvenuto wayebi kangangokuthi waqala ukulungiselela ukufa. Kodwa lapho u-Cellini ezwa ngamaphutha abafundi, abaye baphazamisa lesi sithombe, wasindisa ukukhipha esimweni esithukuthele futhi maduzane waphulukisa ngokuyisimangaliso.

Umsebenzi wokugcina

Umsebenzi wokugcina womdwebi ubizwa ngokuthi "Mbethelwe uKristu". Abagxeki abaningi bezobuciko bacabanga ukuthi yindalo ephelele kunazo zonke yenkosi. Ekuqaleni eqoshwe emabhokisini omhlophe, isibalo sikaKristu (ubukhulu bompilo), esiphambanweni kamuva esiphambanweni esimnyama, sasihloselwe ethuneni lika-Cellini ngokwakhe. Kodwa kamuva wathengwa nguMbusi waseMedici wabe esethulwa kuFiliphu II. Kusengaphansi kwe-Escorial esontweni saseSt. Lawrence.

Iminyaka yamuva

Umlando wakhe wokuphila "Life of Benvenuto", umdwebi wabhala, ekucindezelekeni okujulile. Amakhasi encwadi agcwele izikhalo zakhe nezikhalazo ngokungaqondani, kanye nokuhlazeka kwamakhono kanye nethalenta. Inkosi yazinikezelwa ekuhaha kwabantu baseMedici njengesihluko esahlukileyo. UMbusi akazange akhokhe ekupheleni kwesithombe "Perseus" esenzelwe yona. UBenvenuto Cellini ukhohliwe kuphela ukukwazisa abafundi mayelana ne-monasticism eyamukelwa ngo-1558. Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa wanqunywa. Lapho eneminyaka engu-60 ubudala, umdwebi wakhe wanquma ukugcwalisa isifungo sakhe sokukhohlwa - u-Cellini washada noMonet Pierre, owayenezingane ezingu-8. Naphezu kokukhathazeka ezindabeni zemali, uBenvenuto wakwazi ukugcina umndeni wakhe omkhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayesekela imali yabantwana ababili abangabandlululo kanye nodadewabo ongumfelokazi namadodakazi akhe ayisihlanu.

Ukuphila kukaBenvenuto Cellini, okugcwele ukusebenza okungazikhandla, iziphazamiso kanye nama-scandals, kwaphazanyiswa ngo-1571.