Ubani eGrisi lasendulo ngokuthi othisha? Imisebenzi uthisha eGrisi lasendulo

Okuningi BC, abantu baye bazama zonke izindlela ukuhlola izwe elisizungezile. Ngaleso sikhathi isakramente ukwakhiwa kwamabhilidi yezakhiwo walala izibalo, okuncike "itshe" yephrojekthi esizayo. Kwakuwusuku zezibalo ngesiGreki bakwazi ukunikeza umfutho kuyisayensi. Futhi bambalwa bayazi ukuthi abomdabu of kuleli zwe yakhiwa zonke izimiso imfundo kwezingane ubani kamuva ososayensi European nezazi zefilosofi.

Yini ephathelene? Yiqiniso, abafundisi. AmaGreki aba phakathi kwabantu bokuqala ukuqonda ukuthi ulwazi akwanele nje ukuze zigcine - Uzodlula bona. Okuwukuphela kwendlela nokuthuthukisa. Kwakuwusuku AmaGreki asendulo kwethulwa isimiso imfundo yamabanga aphansi ayimpoqo, futhi limatasa luhlelo ezikoleni ezweni lonke. Ngisho iSparta esinhlanhlathayo baziswa amandla aphelele pedagogy kanye namathuba inikeza ukuze nezizukulwane ezizayo.

Kulesi sihloko, sicabanga yonke imininingwane ukuqeqeshwa, futhi embule inkinga ebalulekile emkhakheni wezemfundo - ngubani eGrisi lasendulo ngokuthi othisha?

izinkinga kobuntwana

pair ngamunye, eyagcina umndeni, ukuba babe nezingane. Futhi lapho kufika umntwana lo mbhangqwana sebevele babelwe ngokuzenzakalela zonke izinhlobo yemfanelo: lena nokudunyiswa yesiko kanye ukwamukelwa inkolo nayo yonke imisebenzi yenkolo isizukulwane esingokwemvelo.

Ukuzalwa izibulo ngempela kwakuwukunqoba bangempela. Emnyango wendlu, lapho kwakukhona khona umhlengikazi, ehlotshiswe namagatsha omnqumo nochungechunge kusengutsheni yoboya. Baby akhazinyuliswe umgodi wesikhamo yamanzi lapho ingezwe intombi amafutha omnqumo newayini.

Kodwa amadoda musa njalo balethembe ngubaba wakhe. Balinda esingangesonto ukuqaphela yabo izici zobuso e umntwana, futhi ngisho nangalesosikhathi ahlelwe iholidi real zonke izihambeli.

ebuntwaneni Warriors

Ezemfundo eGrisi lasendulo labetibambile ngokuhlanganyela amasiko wohlobo oluthile. Kwakukhona, yebo, futhi canons jikelele lonke kubantu, kodwa umuntu ngamunye unomthwalo umndeni kanye nezifiso zabo.

Iningi igcile imfundo wasemuva njengezitha zezwe lokhokho, ke ngokuphelele wabhekisela isigamu besilisa.

Kusukela ngisemncane, abazali bakhulisa izingane zabo kule ahlakaniphile zikaHomer. Lezi imisebenzi yayenziwa zonke zaveza olwakhiwe, ikakhulukazi imithetho yokuziphatha kwabantu emphakathini. Le ndoda yayinemibuzo ukuba abuyisele lokhokho, izenzo ayenziwa kuphela kubantu bakhe.

kom

Ukulungiselela ukuphila omdala lwenziwe eceleni for abafana namantombazane, ngawo wonke umuntu ukuba enze accent yakhe ekuqeqesheni.

Abesilisa kwakudingeka ukwazi ukubhala, ukufunda, ukwazi izingoma ezimbalwa bemvelo lempi, ukufunda umlando futhi baqonde okushiwo emikhosini engokwenkolo. Yiqiniso, emthambekeni omkhulu waya ngokomzimba ukuqeqeshwa bomlilo. Uhlolo zazingelula. Abantu abasha baye babhekana yangempela ubunzima iqhawe: indlala, ubuhlungu, ukushisa babulawa, abandayo nokunye.

Ngemva kwalezi "izifundo" wokulungiselela abafana anikele e-altare likaJehova u-Arthemisi futhi washaywa ngezinduku. Labo sekudlule le test elilandelayo, waya zululeka izwe ngaphandle izindlela zokuphila ngisho nge okungenani izingubo. Ukuze athwale nokuthi babevunyelwe bazobusa naye edilini indoda okuqinile futhi babe elite umphakathi.

share abesifazane

Njengoba for the isigamu amahle, base kuze iminyaka eyisikhombisa ngaphansi guardianship umhlengikazi zakhe ezimanzi noma umzanyana. Ngokulandelayo, babefundiswe spin, aluka, ukunakekela ipulazi. Kodwa nakhu zikhathi zokufundisa kusuka esigabeni "funda, bhala" ikhokhelwe okungenani isikhathi.

Ngokwesibonelo, imfundo amantombazane e-Athens kwakuxhomeke abazali izifiso zabo, kodwa Sparta, ubuhle abasha ukwenza umzimba Gymnastic nokulwa nabesilisa-amaqhawe.

Wabuye wafundisa amantombazane behlabelela besina kanye nendima yabesifazane emikhosini yenkolo yayiphila.

Imfundiso - ukukhanya

Isikole sokuqala yaseGrisi yasendulo umsuka ekhulwini V. BC Okuqukethwe imfundo kwaba ezahlukene kakhulu, washiya emthambekeni wesayensi ezahlukene.

Abazali cishe kusukela ekuzalweni onqumayo ukuthi obani ukuba ingane, futhi kuncike izifiso ethunyelwe kwesinye sezikole:

1. eMilethu School - e igunya wokusiza isicelo isayensi nefilosofi.

2. Collection we Pythagoreans - ulwazi izakhiwo izinombolo futhi imfundiso ubunye bomhlaba.

3. Institution of Heraclitus wase-Efesu - ekutadisheni imihlola bemvelo impi.

4. Elea School - izinkinga wavula ukufunda okuthile.

5. Atomists - ama-athomu wafunda nezinhlayiyana impahla.

izikole sidilizwa ngesiGreki namanje enifana: search for ukuba khona yasekuqaleni zabantu, amafilosofi ezwe evulekile nemicabango nezincazelo imihlola ezingaziwa ukuthi ziphakame imvelo.

Ngakho-ke okunemibandela ubunye abantu, futhi umehluko phakathi izingqondo wayengekho omkhulu.

Ukunqunywa engafanelekile

Noma kunjalo, eGreece yasendulo okuthiwa othisha?

Cishe, ngeke ucabange ukuthi laba yibo abantu abathola imfundo ekhethekile, ukuba aqhubeke ebheka abanye igunya kule ndawo. Kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso.

Endulo, inzuzo "inceku-othisha" iqukethe ukuhlonza amazwi ahlobene. Lokhu kwakungenxa abantu ababesebusweni langakufanelekela okhandlayo kunoma yimuphi umkhakha yomsebenzi, ngakho ezithandwayo zezingoma ekhaya. yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi umndeni ukuba khona kokuphila kwakuyindaba kwasekuqaleni.

Imisebenzi isigqila ezifana isabelo sokunakekela izingane kuze iminyaka eyisikhombisa. Thishela-uthisha kuqashelwe lesigceme sakhe lapho ushiya indlu, ephelezelwa izenzakalo esikoleni nasemphakathini. Futhi ngabeka ulwazi okufunda nokubhala ezingeni leliphansi.

Konke lokhu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba iminyaka lapho izingane transgress embundwini ukuvuthwa futhi ukuhlakanipha ezithile.

Hhayi ngaphandle futhi abesifazane kule mkhakha. Baye uthisha isiGreki, futhi ngokuyisisekelo ubeka ukuba izingane ezincane.

Umqondo wokuthi imfundo

Akukhona nje, esikhathini sethu abantu (isibonelo, ucwaningo zomlando) uyazibuza mayelana nokuthi ubani eGrisi lasendulo ngokuthi othisha.

Ngaleso sikhathi, imfundiso yokungafi izindlela zokufundisa babezalwa ukugeleza nefilosofi ekhethekile. imiqondo theory bagqugquzela zefilosofi omkhulu - Democritus, uSocrates, uPlato no-Aristotle. Kuthe kusenjalo bakhomba inqubo yemfundo kanye nemithetho yemvelo futhi ngavula isiko nomndeni ngokusebenzisa izimfundiso zefilosofi.

Democritus wafunda Komuntu kanye nokwenza imisebenzi yayo.

USocrates wasungula yokuthi imfundo engcono - kuba nezingxoxo abafundi, njengoba nje ngokusebenzisa Umbono mutual ulwazi ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle.

UPlato bafunde ukwedlula indaba yokugqilazwa e pedagogy. Wabhala izincwadi ezimbili - "UMbuso" futhi "imithetho."

Aristotle kuwo wonke ayebheka ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu izwe yemvelo. Injongo imfundo ekuqondeni kwakhe waba yizinqamu ezimbili: ukuthuthukiswa wemiphefumulo ezihlakaniphile futhi aqine-willed izinhlangothi.

Ngaleso sikhathi, Ancient Greece kafushane kodwa ngokucacile wajabulela canons zabo zibe inqubo yemfundo. Futhi lezi izinhlobo ulwazi nengane kwengqondo lingandi kuphela kuleli zwe.

ukudluliselwa Ulwazi esizukulwaneni

Namuhla, lolu lwazi lasendulo - yilokhu othisha usebenze, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isihloko. Noma kunjalo, imithombo okuholela eGrisi lasendulo.

Amafilosofi kungase kungabi njalo kuze kufike isingezansi ibonwe obedlula ngendlela evamile, kodwa umuntu ofuna ukuba uqonde izwe, asesabi nobunzima.

Futhi abantu abazimisele futhi bemagange ukuqhubeka asebenze emkhakheni wezemfundo, kuyancomeka ukuba sicabangele umbuzo othi obani eGrisi lasendulo ngokuthi othisha. Ngemva kwadlula iminyaka eminingi, incazelo yezinye amazwi ashintsha, futhi ngenxa yalokho jeza eziyigugu kakhulu - izingane.