Maxim Gorky. ithebula ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo zokuphila futhi lokusungula

Isihloko "M. Umunyu. ithebula ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo zokuphila futhi lokusungula "zisendaweni ebalulekile ngokuhamba esikoleni izincwadi. Umlobi ingenye abameleli bhá mkhuba omusha Izikhathi zokubonisana uthando njengendoda 19-20 eminyaka, kwaba umsunguli okwangempela sezenhlalo izincwadi Soviet. Umlando wakhe engengaphansi ezithakazelisayo kuka imisebenzi yakhe: ligcwele ubunzima, ukusebenza, umzabalazo, lapho umlobi wathatha phakathi nokuphila kwakhe nzima.

Esakhula

Omunye wabalobi evelele kunazo zonke Russian nawaseSoviet uyababa. ithebula Kwezikhathi Zawo, enikelwe yomlando wakhe kuzomele sifake eziyisisekelo, izigaba esibaluleke kunazo zonke ekuphileni kwakhe, olokuqala okuyizinto esengumntwana nangesikhathi kwentsha. Umlobi esizayo abadumile wazalwa ngo Nizhny Novgorod e 1868. ngokushesha Waba uyintandane, futhi wakhuliswa umkhulu esiqinile. Ngenxa izidingo okuqhubekayo umfana ayikwazanga ukuqeda esikoleni sendawo. Waphoqwa ukuba njalo ukusebenza ukuze baziphilise. Esikhathini 1880s, wayephila Kazan, lapho azama, kodwa ahluleka ukuya eyunivesithi; Lapha wenza abangane ne populists futhi Kuboshwe ngisho.

Ukuqala lokusungula

Gorky, itafula ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo biography ofakelwe yalokhu kubukezwa, useke wabhekana nobunzima obuningi ngaphambi eyaduma njengendlela umlobi. 1890 waqala isigaba esisha ekuphileni kwakhe. Kwakuphakathi nalesikhathi eyishumi, wahamba kulo lonke izwe, wavakashela eningizimu, laqala ukusebenzela kumabhalane. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi kwaba ngalesi sikhathi kuba okwenzeka lapho eqala ukuya etemibhalo: Uyabhala izindaba zakhe, eshicilelwe hhayi kuphela nasemaphephandabeni lomuzi lwakubo, kodwa futhi ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane. Wahlangana nge UTolstoy futhi laseChekhov, imisebenzi yakhe kudonse abafundi futhi baxgeki.

idrama

wemidlalo ahlonishwayo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ayebaba. ithebula ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo zokuphila kwakhe kufanele kufake lokhu esigabeni esisha emsebenzini wakhe. 1900s, wazama isandla sakhe ngokubhala kudlala, okuyinto umlethe hhayi kuphela ezweni ngobubanzi, kodwa futhi udumo European ( "AmaFilisti", "I-Lower Ngokujula"). Le misebenzi ifakwa nasemidlalweni yeshashalazi ehola, wemidlalo abasha futhi abanamakhono kukhulunywa ngalo njengoba abalobi entsha oluvelele besikhathi sethu.

Umdwebo ongezansi uchaza ngokufingqiwe-mlando ezinkulu M.Gorky ukuphila.

ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe

Kusukela ngo-1906 kuya ku-1913 umlobi wayephila ekudingisweni. Nokho, wabonisa isithakazelo esijulile izenzakalo ezenzeka kuleli zwe, ngisho ngaphambi kokuhamba kwakhe waba ilungu yoMbutho Wezisebenzi. Phesheya, ukuthi ubhala inoveli, okuyinto kwasho ukuqala okwangempela sezenhlalo ezincwadini. abadumile Ikakhulukazi imisebenzi yakhe ngokuphila ka Maxim Gorky. ithebula Kwezikhathi Zawo kumelwe futhi ibonise lokhu esigabeni esisha emsebenzini wakhe. Umbhali ubhale trilogy lokwatiwako ngekuphila kwakhe, sobusha nesokuba umuntu omdala ngokudlala e ifomu art konke kwadingeka akhuthazelele phakathi neminyaka nokuzula, nokuswela nobumpofu.

ukubuya

Ngo-October wangonyaka Revolution wathatha umbhali impikiswano. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho Nokho kwaba sizana amaBolshevik, ezibucayi izinqubomgomo zabo zokuhlukumeza nezihlakaniphi. Wangena ukuphila komphakathi, futhi ngenxa yemizamo yakhe, imizamo ososayensi abaningi, abalobi waphunyuka ubumpofu nendlala. Maxim Gorky, itafula ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo ekuphileni okuyinto okusesihlokweni esithi, laphumela ezicashe inqubo yokwelapha ngokwamaqiniso 1920, kodwa eqinisweni ngenxa umehluko ngemibono neqembu. Wayehlala emadolobheni ahlukahlukene aseYurophu, ngenkathi uhulumeni wamaSoviet wayememe wamyala ukuba abuyele kulelo zwe.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

ithebula ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo zokuphila Gorky kufanele kuhlanganise Esigabeni sokugcina umsebenzi wakhe. Ngo-1930 waphindela e-Soviet Union, baba matasa, laba kanjani nesandla kokuhlanganiswa isiqondiso sezenhlalo abalobi. On isinyathelo sakhe, aphethwe engqungqutheleni yabo yokuqala lapho entsha mkhuba etemibhalo ezamenyezelwa okuyizona kanye eyodwa kuphela elungile. Umlobi washona ngo-1936. Lo mcimbi kuphetha ithebula kwezenzakalo. ukuphila Gorky futhi umsebenzi ke ziyabonakala ngefomu Ukubuyekezwa kalula ngekhanda.