"The hero besikhathi sethu": umlando ukudalwa noveli

Lesi sihloko lunikezelwe noveli "A Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu." Umlando kokudaliweyo yakhe ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi engaqondakali. Thina namanje abazi imininingwane umsebenzi ngokushesha Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova umbhalo umsebenzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinto esekhona ziyingcosana; kuncane zokubhala kanye okusalungiswa zemibhalo yesandla, kanye ubufakazi ababephila ngesikhathi imbongi kanye nombhali yena.

Naphezu kwalokhu, bit by bit lokuqoqa ulwazi oludingekayo kanye izinto, asikwazi kabusha isabelo yezinto letigaba main futhi eminye imininingwane yokubhala imisebenzi Mihailom Yurevichem "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu." Umlando waleli inoveli, okuyinto kubhekwa phezulu imbongi, kuzoxoxwa yithi ngesisekelo lezi idatha.

Izinkumbulo Shang Giray

AP Shang Giray izinkumbulo yabo lisinikeza ulwazi mayelana nesikhathi imbongi phezu lo msebenzi. Izihlobo nabangane imbongi umangalele ukuthi "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu", indaba ukudalwa esiphila Sikhathazekile, wethulwa sengibuyile kubhekiselwa okokuqala Lermontov sika, Petersburg ngo-1838. Iningi lermontovedov banamathele kule umbono. Kodwa kukhona idatha eziphakamisa ukuthi okusalungiswa kakade "Taman" yalotshwa 1837. Namuhla ikhophi eyaziwa Authorized lokhu inoveli imakwe Viskovatov, okusikisela ukuthi lo mbhalo wesandla yabhalwa Shang Giray, umzala Lermontov, okuyinto zokugcina ngezinye izikhathi wabizela emibhalweni yakhe. Ngokusobala, "Taman" waba bizela zenguqulo yokusalungiswa, hhayi kusanenywe (lokhu kufakazelwa ubumsulwa amakhophi).

Lokhu kucatshangwa kuqinisekiswa eziningi izihlobo zakhe ababephila imbongi. Ngokwesibonelo, Grigorovich, owabona umbhalo wesandla olunzima umsebenzi, wabhala ngo-Umlando wakhe ukuthi indaba "Taman" umsindo kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni kuzithinta olulodwa harmonic. Kodwa uma uthatha umbhalo wesandla wokuqala, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi ligcwele ifaka, peremarana, it has eziningi izimpawu phezu esilucwecwana ethe njo ezicucwini zamaphepha.

izinkumbulo Zhigmonta

Grigorovich, ngeshwa, akukho lutho mayelana ukuphi umbhalo wesandla, kanye mayelana ongumnikazi ke. Kodwa namuhla kwamenyezelwa omunye inkumbulo ukuthi siyohlala njalo ezingqondweni indaba wesimanje. Ngo-1947 wanyathelisa izincwadi nge PS Zhigmontom, eyisihlobo salowo imbongi, umbhali wemilando yokuphila kwabantu bakhe kuqala, P. A. Viskovatogo. Zhigmont libike ukuthi njenge-1839 e laseStavropol imbongi sketched "Taman" wabe esenikeza indaba emfushane ka Petrov, ungubani azikwazanga ukulondolozwa.

I ukuphola lokhu kwakwenziwa ngendlela, isigamu sekhulu leminyaka emva umcimbi, futhi umlobi we Umlando ebhala, akucaci kahle ukuthi kusukela osukwini. A. V Popov kuqashelwe ukuthi SO Zhigmont Lermontov elalihlangana 1837 e laseStavropol, futhi 1839 omunye wabo kuleli dolobha wayengekho. Ngenxa yalokho, okusalungiswa "Taman" kufanele kwenziwe isibaluli 1837.

ukuphi Lermontov ngesikhathi umsebenzi umkhiqizo

Ngesisekelo le noveli waziwa ukubeka nakho kwabo Septhemba 1837 Mihailom Yurevichem sigameko. Ngo-November, wayesefile kakade e Tiflis. Ukuze le nkathi fanele emfushane yakhe kunalokho ukwazi onesihloko esithi "Ngingenile Tbilisi." Ekholisayo phikisana kungani I. Anidroniku, ukuthi equkethwe amagciwane of "fatalists" futhi "Taman". Ungase ucabange ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi "umqondo syncretic" uzungu igcwele kakhulu futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi, umbhali wanquma ulwahlukanise zaba izingxenye ezimbili, sketched lokuqala "Taman", phakathi nohambo ngoNovemba-December 1837, futhi ngaleso sikhathi: "fatalist". Lona ekuqaleni ngoba umkhiqizo "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu" indaba yendalo. Isihloko kanye nokusungulwa inoveli uye washintsha abalulekile esikhathini esizayo, it is wanezela kamuva amabili kuphela, ekuqaleni ukwehlukanisa, izingcezu. Ngo-December, ukubuyela kakade Petersburg, imbongi wayeka kafushane e Sevastopol, lapho ahlangana khona nge S. O. Zhigmontom and Petrov, nezihlobo zabo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ubhalwe kabusha lo "Taman", Mikhail ngokusobala kwesokunxele okusalungiswa wakhe Petrov. Okungukuthi, it is wabe usubona Grigorovich.

Lapho-ke kwalotshwa "Taman" ( "A Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu")?

History of the (kafushane zonke izingxenye indaba) uyaqhubeka. Ulwazi oluqoqwe kanjalo sivumele ucingo esitshela ukuthi lo umsebenzi okusalungiswa "Taman" ibhekisela enkathini-September kuya ku-December 1837, njengoba ngo September, le mbongi e Taman futhi ekupheleni kuka-December, Mikhail ushiye Sevastopol. Kule ndaba, kubonakala, singakwazi ukusungula ukuthi ukule, hhayi 1838, njengoba kuphakanyiswe abacwaningi abaningi wethula umklamo womkhiqizo "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu." Umlando kokudaliweyo yakhe, ukuze kuvula kusukela ngo-September kuya ku-December 1837.

Kungakhathaliseki ehilelekile 'Taman "ukuba akhulelwe yokuqala kule noveli?

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, lesi siphetho oshesha, njengoba kunobufakazi bokuthi "Taman" wayedabuka azitshelwa uhlelo inoveli, eyavela kamuva, njengoba ayefundisa azisetshenziswa isithombe Pechorin iqhawe le noveli.

Okokuqala, igama protagonist isebenza "Taman" akakaze okukhulunywa. Okwesibili, it is kusukela "Inkosazana uMariya" eyaziwa, umlingisi wadingiselwa eCaucasus uhlobo "emlandweni." Kodwa akubukeki sengathi iqhawe, "Taman" ukuze nje wafika evela Petersburg ekudingisweni.

Okwesithathu, kuzo zonke izindaba nasezincwadini ziye ngokuqinisekile okukhulunywa noma eboniswe Maksim Maksimych, "ngokusebenzisa uhlamvu", okuyinto bokungafani ka Pechorin. Kuphela "Taman" engekho.

Kukhona isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi "fatalist" Kulotshiwe eceleni, lilandelwa ngelithi "Taman", aphume uxhumene le noveli, ngokusobala, ekuqaleni 1838, lapho esephindele Petersburg Mikhail Yurevich.

I engavamile kunqubo Lermontov

Isici esivelele sesimiso kunqubo, lo mbhali iwumsebenzi parallel on izingcezu eziningana. Kanye ukuthuthukiswa version kokuqala kule noveli "A Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu", indaba ukudalwa elichazwa lesi sihloko, imbongi nazo zazisebenza lapha abasebenzi yokugcina isihloko "I Demon". Ngo-September, owesithupha laqedwa 1838, ngo-December - lesikhombisa nelesishiyagalombili - ngoJanuwari 1839.

Uhlelo lokuqala

Ngo "Amanothi we lawobaba," esanyatheliswa ngo "Bela" ngoMashi 1839.

Ngo-August wangonyaka efanayo wawuqeda inkondlo "Mtsyri", futhi cishe ngalesi sikhathi, waqala ukuqeqeshwa okunzulu "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu" ukuphrinta. Ke kwabakho kakhulu washintsha indlela yokwakheka inoveli - kuba kwi Novella "I Fatalist". Uqhubeka, ngakho-ke, umlando indalo. "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu" ihlangabezana ngalesi sikhathi ngoba uhlelo lwesibili. Ulwazi mayelana kuqala impela kancane, kodwa singaphetha ngokuthi kwakugcwele kuphela yemisebenzi "Maksim Maksimych," "Bella" futhi "Inkosazana uMariya".

Ukunika amandla "fatalist" Kwatholakala ukuthi i-organic, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi kwadingeka ababuthanda kwangaphakathi phakathi Pechorin nomlobi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le noveli lwaveza ezibaluleke kakhulu izinkinga zomphakathi isizukulwane, Lermontov yesimanje.

Lokhu kufakwa lo msebenzi wagcizelela philosophising noveli futhi wanikeza enkulu ukujula isithombe Pechorin.

Siyaqhubeka ubheka umsebenzi "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu." Umlando noveli, isifinyezo uvezwa ezakamuva elandelayo eyengeziwe.

Uhlelo lwesibili umkhiqizo libhekisela 1839, isikhathi esiqala mhla lu-August no-September. Khona-ke lalinabashumayeli izindaba amabili amafushane amanoveli ezimbili, "The hero besikhathi sethu." Umlando kokudaliweyo ukwakheka inoveli wekugcina uzobe kuchaziwe ngezansi. Kulesi nguqulo ye umkhiqizo wawuhlukaniswe waba yizingxenye ezimbili: amanothi waleli phoyisa, okuyinto umlandzi, futhi uhlamvu inothi. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa indaba "Bella" futhi indaba "Maksim Maksimych," kanti eyesibili - indaba "fatalist," futhi indaba "Inkosazana uMariya".

Yokugcina umkhiqizo wokubuyekeza

Siyaqhubeka ukhuluma ngalokho kwaba kulo msebenzi umlando indalo. "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu" ekupheleni 1839 usebhekene izinguquko eziphawulekayo ukulungiswa kuyinqaba sokushicilela olulodwa. Kulesi sigaba, lokugcina kakade busuka ke "Taman" lapho imisebenzi umlandzi njengendlela "Fatalist" iqhawe bathunyelwa okuvela kumbhali-umlandzi. kwaba "izahluko" eziyisithupha kulolu hlobo. Lihlanganisa "Isandulela" amanothi hero - "Journal of Pechorin" - okuyinto Belinsky lachazwa ngokuthi "ekhanda", e ngoba sibalulekile. Kulolu shicilelo imbongi ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili kule noveli ukuthi zokuqala ezimbili ibeke kuphela. Futhi kule ngxenye yokugcina sokudalwa uyalandisa ukuzimisela yokugcina isihloko umkhiqizo.

Ukukhululwa wekugcina kule noveli "A Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu"

Umlando noveli uphetha kanje. Ngo-February, kwemvume ukucwaninga ukukhiqiza lo msebenzi. Incwadi ngo-Ephreli 1840 waqhubeka ukudayiswa, futhi kamuva ngonyaka eshicilelwe uhlelo lwesibili, okubandakanya isingeniso umsebenzi iyonke, adalwe Lermontov, ngokusobala, ngo-February 1841.

Ngakho, ekugcineni ukunquma "sekhenoni" isakhiwo kule noveli "A Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu." Umlando kokudaliweyo lo msebenzi, okuyinto ngenye yezinkampani ezingcono kakhulu ekhulwini le-19, lokhu kube sekupheleni.