Supersonic cruise missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Granite" P-700

Phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi, abaklami wase-USSR futhi i-United States ekuqaleni imisebenzi ku ukudalwa ngwenya eziqukethe ngesivinini missile torpedoes futhi uhambe ezicitshwayo. EU.SSR kwayibhebhethekisa elala US sezishiye ukuvela eSoviet amabutho ahlomile missile Cruisers, ifakwe anti-umkhumbi ejikijelwayo ekuhlaseleni leSupersonic. Ngo-1983, behlome Naval Fleet wase-USSR bamukela P-700 leSupersonic cruise missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Granite". Kusukela ngo-1969, kusukela yaqala ukuba khona, futhi kuze kube namuhla eyinkimbinkimbi ukuthuthukisa futhi kwakungesona isimo test olulodwa.

Kanjani ukwakha isikhali?

Missile P-700 "Granit" yasungulwa ngo lonjiniylea NGO ngaphansi kobuholi V N. Chelomeya. Ngo-1984, yena salandelwa Gerbertom Efremovym. Uhlolo olusemthethweni cruise missile P-700 ", Granite" lokuqala eziyinkimbinkimbi yethulwa ngo-1979.

IBhodi ezizimele ohlelweni abakhethayo eyenza ukulawula leSupersonic cruise nangomcibisholo, wabuthela lososayensi nonjiniyela yeCentral Research Institute "Granit". Athweswe cala ngokusebenza kwalesi sigaba waqokwa V. Pavlov CEO.

Ukuhlola kusetshenziswa zezitsha ugu, umkhumbi-ngwenya futhi impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Kirov". Kusukela ngo-1983, wonke umsebenzi wokwakha usuphelile, futhi ngokuthi i-Naval Fleet wase-USSR unazo yayo enxanxatheleni ka P-700 "Granit". Isithombe ngezansi umklamo othize anti-umkhumbi missile.

Yini eye yafinyelelwa by abaklami yokubusa kweSoviet?

Phakathi umsebenzi kudalwa leSupersonic cruise missile P-700 wasebenzisa isimiso kokuxhumana mutual timphawu letintsatfu:

• Izimoto ethwele inkomba injongo.
• Lesi sangoma lapho kulungiselelwa wenza imicibisholo.
• RCC.

Ngenxa yalokho sendalo yezingxenye lwedatha eziyinkimbinkimbi olulodwa izonikeza ithuba Navy kweSoviet Union ukuze ubhekane ngokuphumelelayo nenselele ulwandle izimpi: ukubhubhisa umkhumbi futhi izindiza yenethiwekhi ngamaqembu anamandla.

Yini imikhumbi laba bebehlome ngezibhamu esethini yakho lensha?

Ngokusho isimemezelo leKomiti Central we CPSU, ngemva yimpumelelo indiza ukuhlolwa, okwenzeka ngo-November 1975, "Granite" eziyinkimbinkimbi babe ahlomile:

• "Antey" - the ngwenya yenuzi.
• "Orlan" - esindayo yenuzi missile impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu.
• "Merlin" - izindiza esindayo ethwele impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu.
• "Admiral zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa Fleet Kuznetsov".
• izindiza Heavy ethwele impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu.
• "Petr Veliky" - a impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ezisindayo.

On uhlobo abezindaba usayizi missile umthelela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kweminsalo P-700 kudingeka ukushintshwa ezihlukahlukene futhi icwecwe anti-umkhumbi ezicitshwayo nge engaba ezincane. Kudingeka ukushintshwa wachaza isikhathi kwemishini zabo lobuchwepheshe.

ukufakwa Efficiency

Ukuze aphebeze lokho usongo real izindiza yenethiwekhi yi Air US Navy Russian Abaklami isixazululo quin futhi engabizi etholakele. izibalo eyenziwa luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukucushwa ngayinye Russian ngwenya eziyinkimbinkimbi "Granit" izwe ishibhile kuka-US abathwali yabo izindiza. Ngemva umsebenzi sesimanje yezikhali ezicitshwayo nabathwali bawo yemibhalomfihlo "Granite", kuncike ngcono kanye nokugcinwa ukulungela ukusebenza, ungaveza amazinga aphezulu kuze 2020.

Siyini isikhali?

Rocket P-700 eziyinkimbinkimbi "Granite" mkhiqizo cigar emise, ngaphambili ingxenye okuyindawo ehlanganisa i itheku emoyeni futhi annular alo empennage cruciform. Emaphakathi ingxenye fuselage ifakwe iphiko iDemo kokuba shanela okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngemva kokuqala ama-missile iphiko zivela. Missile aguqulelwe ulwandle futhi isikhala emoyeni. Kuye ukusebenza kanye Tactical isimo RCC ungafaka isicelo trajectory ezahlukene. Inxanxathela "Granit" angafeza i volley Ammo etholakalayo, futhi ukusebenzisa RCC wedwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isimiso: eyodwa ekhishwe P-700 - enye yashaya umkhumbi isitha.

On ngayiphi injongo ngamakhasimende leSupersonic cruise ezicitshwayo?

imisebenzi ejwayelekile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Granite" ukubhujiswa Okuqondiwe asolwandle. Ngokusho kochwepheshe lempi, ukuze afeze lesi sigameko insiza somhlaba kuyinkinga. Isizathu siwukuthi uma uhamba phezu umhlaba umgomo gos (homing) RCC is kodwa angasebenzi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, missile kuyinto imodi ezizimele lapho ikhanda homing off. Kunalokho, umsebenzi ebona RCC wenza uhlelo inertial. Winged P-700 abe eliphezulu kakhulu labadubuli uhla bamatshe eliwumhlaba futhi ugu (ephakeme kunaleyo olwandle). Ukuze ukubhujiswa izikhungo on umhlaba PRK akudingi nokwehlisa ukuphakama amancane. Naphezu kwalokhu, efana nokusetshenziswa cruise ezicitshwayo ngaphandle gos asebenzayo - sifundo ezibizayo: izinhlamvu eziyinkimbinkimbi "Granite" kuba sengcupheni isitha air izivikelo.

kungukuqala kanjani?

I motion cruise missile P-700 ", Granite" iza esebenzisa ngokufanele kanye eksisi eyinhloko turbojet KR-21-300. Ngesikhathi ezingemuva missile kuyinto block kuhlanganisa ezine namafutha, ukusebenzisa okokhelekayo okuqinile. Ukuze isitoreji rocket kuyinto uphawu ezokuthutha kanye kwethulwa esitsheni akhethekile. Ngaphambi kokuqala RCC "Granite" P-700 amaphiko nomsila zisendaweni eligoqiwe. Ngosizo le cowl Dome emise wenza isembozo engayitholi emoyeni. Ukuze "Granite" U-700 ngesikhathi kwethulwa rocket alizange emapayipini, ngaphambi egijima ligcwele amanzi athathwe ngemuva. Le nqubo kuyadingeka ukuze unike amandla namafutha ukuthi odlulela rocket aphume okwami. I Dome Dome emise Asondele kakade emoyeni. Kulokhu, amaphiko kanye nomsila, okuyinto kwakufanele aqale esimweni eligoqiwe, kuyadalulwa. Ngemva namafutha omlilo esitshekile, kanye rocket indiza usebenzisa booster.

Isikhali bavimba?

Micibisholo "Granit" P-700 zihlanganisa:

• High-eziyiziqhumane eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini warhead. Inesisindo 585 kuya 750 kg.

• zenuzi Tactical.
• TNT okulingana, isisindo okuyinto kilotons 500.

Namuhla - mayelana nokwamukelwa zezivumelwano international - cruise zenuzi ezicitshwayo "Granit" P-700 akuvunyelwe. Ukuze imishini yabo kuphela ukulwa amayunithi EMhlanganweni sika.

Ukusebenza izici

• Usayizi eziyinkimbinkimbi missile "Granite" P-700 elingamamitha ayishumi.
• Ububanzi - 85 cm.
• Namaphiko - 260 cm.
• Ngaphambi isibhamu isiqalo unesisindo esingamathani angaba ngu-7.
• Umkhiqizo uyakwazi ukufeza esiphansi indiza engamamitha endaweni ekuhlaseleni 25 amamitha.
• Kuhlanganiswe indiza indlela evumela missile ukufinyelela ububanzi 625 km.
• Low-engamamitha trajectory ikuvumela ukuba wenze ukubalekela ibanga esingeqile km 200.
• Ukusebenzisa ANN ukuphathwa uhlelo ARLGSN.
• I isibhamu kufakwe nge warhead kaPawulu angena ajule, okuyinto ukala 750 kg.

Ngenxa mass esikhulu Isivinini eliphezulu P-700 kunzima hit kubo imicibisholo evuthayo antiaircraft. Ngokusho kodokotela abathile ezempi, impi ye-U-700, okuyinto ukala 750 kg, siyasebenza kuphela ukushaya target ndawo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, okwenza kube nzima ukuzibona hit akhatshana ehlukile cruise missile libhekene kwezinso ku kumamitha angu-200.

Kuyini ikhompyutha digital?

Ukuze missile isiqondiso elitsheni isicelo asebenzayo radar ikhanda. Iziteshi Ulwazi kukhona ukusetshenziswa trehprotsessornoy ibhodi ikhompyutha (FDC), ukwenza kube lula ukubona ukuthi inombolo enkulu kuphazamiseka kube nenjongo yangempela. Ngesikhathi iqembu ezicitshwayo yokuqalisa (volley) isitha ukuthola sezivuma ngokushintshana ulwazi, ukuhlonza nokusatshalaliswa okuhloswe ku nemingcele ahlukahlukene phakathi amakhanda missile homing.

Ikhono ukuqalisa eziningi escorts, abathwali izindiza futhi ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni lokushaya imikhumbi ukuhlonza target oyifunayo futhi ashaye buhlungu kungenzeka ngenxa esivela ku-ibhodi idatha kwikhompyutha adingekayo wonke amakilasi lwemikhumbi yesimanje. Umsebenzi FDC ihlose electronic impi isitha ukuthi ngokudala umsindo nezinye amaqhinga emoyeni ukuzivikela Ungadlulisela phambili ezikhishwe cruise ezicitshwayo kude umgomo. Esikhathini samanje P-700 has 3B47 esiteshini "Quartz", okuyinto ngosizo kumadivayisi ekhethekile phinda reflectors eyengeziwe kanye decoys olunikezwa Umphikisi. Ukutholakala kwe-computer ugibelile enza nangomcibisholo P-700 zihlakaniphe: PKR bavikelekile isitha radar ukuphazamiseka, ekuphenduleni ngokubeka bebodwa futhi sidala target yamanga ngenxa ukuvikela ehlaselwa. Ekuqaleni iqembu ngenxa ikhompyutha ugibelile kungaba abelane ngolwazi.

Ukuhlasela kanjani?

Ngecala lokudubula amatshe, ibanga lapho abangaphezu kuka-120 km, i-P-700 ikhuphukela ukuphakama 17 km. Ingxenye enkulu indiza wenziwa kulelizinga. Ngalesi engamamitha rocket luba nomthelela enciphile ku ukumelana air ikuvumela ukuthi ukulondoloza nophethiloli. Ezingeni 17 km engaba target ukuthola ezithuthukisiwe. Nxa ilitshe kutholakala, ukuhlonza yayo wenziwa. Khona-ke wakhulula rocket liye ku-25 metres. Gos off. Lokhu kwenza RCC engabonakali isitha radar. Gos icushiwe kakade ngaphambi ukuhlaselwa, uma idingekile ukuze ithiphu eqondile. missile kuhlasela ihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi kuqala wabhubhisa imigomo eza kuqala bese - ezincane. ukusatshalaliswa kolwazi senzeka phakathi izinhloko kweminsalo ngaphambi kuhlasela. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukubhubhisa target ngamunye yakhelwe inombolo ethile ezicitshwayo. Ukutholakala pre-zahlelwa ngayinye cruise missile amacebo ebavumela ukuba bazivikele anti-aircraft ukuzivikela lesitha.

kanjani RCC?

Ukuhlasela ukhiphe cruise missile olulodwa kungenziwa iqondiswe esibuthakathaka ehlukile. Uma kwenziwe isiqalo iqembu, RCC kuthinte lahlukene izimoto. Itholakala emoyeni-asolwandle amabutho nakho P-700 yabonisa kahle eliphezulu ezicitshwayo at Okuqondiwe elingasogwini isitha uma ukusebenza neqembu. Kulokhu, rocket lokuqala eliqukethe spetszaryad, ukukhubaza zonke izindlela isitha air izivikelo. iqembu yenkampani yenethiwekhi ezisekelwe oye ahlasela umuzi noma isikhala seso akuseyona sikwazi ukumelana. Isiwombe sesibili kuhlasela eyenziwa amanye kweminsalo, abangasizakalanga ngakho spetszaryadov ukuze aphuphuthekise isitha. Kweminsalo eziyinkimbinkimbi wadubula omunye wabo ingaba njengesihluthulelo umdubuli kambayimbayi. Advantageously ukusetshenziswa okunjalo ekuphathweni RCC Runaway umlilo. Ngoba enikeziwe ukusetshenziswa ukuphakama eside. Ngezinye ukucabhela isitha radar noma ukucekelwa phansi kwayo, kuhloswe umsebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo enakekela ezinye leSupersonic cruise missile.

izimfundiso 2016

Okthoba 16, 2016, enifeza ukulwa ukuqeqeshwa ohambweni, amatilosi ngwenya yenuzi 'Antey "wadubula nangomcibisholo P-700 eziyinkimbinkimbi" Granite ". Indawo kwaba ipholigoni ngokudubula e-Novaya Zemlya ziqhingi.

Ngokusho kodokotela abathile lempi, kwethulwa U-700 kwenziwa ngenhloso ngokudubula ezicitshwayo yisikhathi noma okuyiphutha nge esikhundleni sabo kamuva. Ngesikhathi esifanayo mode sokudubula wenziwa walandela phansi amatshe. Kukhona enye inguqulo ekusebenziseni: ngenxa isimo esishubile sezombusazwe kuleliya zwe, umcimbi laba isibonakaliso we NATO, okuyinto IRussia hhayi akusebenzi missile Soviet bathwale olwesimanje, bakwazi nomlilo ngaso phansi okuhloswe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.