Shostakovich Maxim Dmitrievich: biography, ubuciko

Kubantu kukhona umbono wokuthi imvelo ihlezi phezu kwezingane zabantu abadumile. Nokho, indodana yomculi odumile waseRussia uDmitry Shostakovich Maxim wakwazi ukuphikisana ngokuphelele nala mahemuhemu angalungile. Umdlali wepiyano nomqhubi ovela kuNkulunkulu, waziwa emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yelenta lakhe lomculo elingenasisekelo nomsebenzi ophikelela.

Ukuzalwa nokuphila kwasekuqaleni

UMaxim Shostakovich wazalelwa eLeningrad ngoMeyi 10, 1938. Uyise wakhe udume kakhulu ngomqambi wonke weSoviet Union uDmitri Shostakovich. Unina womfana wayengumfokazi wezinkanyezi u-Nina V. Varzar, owathi ngemva komshado wakhe wenqabe ukudala umsebenzi wesayensi futhi wazinikela kumyeni wakhe nezingane zakhe. Ngaphezu kukaMaxim, indodakazi endala uGalina wakhula nabashade naye. Iminyaka yokuqala yempilo yomfana yayigxilwe yiMpi Yezwe Elikhulu. Ukuvinjelwa kukaLeningrad Shostakovich kwahlangana emzini wakubo. Lapha uDmitry Dmitrievich wasebenza eSeventh Symphony yakhe edumile, eyabe isakazwa umsakazo ovela eNyakatho-Capital eyathunjwa eFascist eya eSoviet Union enkulu. Ngo-1942, umqambi nomkhaya wakhe basuswa e-Kuibyshev (eSamara), futhi ngemva konyaka i-Shostakovichi yathuthela eMoscow. Abakwazanga ukubuyela eLeningrad.

Ubudlelwane nomqambi-ubaba

U-Shostakovich Maxim Dmitrievich wagcina izinkumbulo ezimnandi zikayise. Wamchaza njengomuntu onokuhlakanipha okungavamile nokuhlakanipha. Umqambi nomkakhe bakhulisa izingane zabo ngesibonelo sabo, befaka izimfanelo ezinhle kubo. U-Little Maxim noGalina babengazi ukuthi yisiphi isijeziso esingokomzimba. Uma benza noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle, ubaba wayebacindezela ukuba banikeze umsebenzi obhaliwe wokuthi bangenzi njalo. Emva kwalokho, izingane zazingeke zicabange ngisho nokucubungula noma ukungalaleli abazali bazo.

Ukufa komama

Upapa wayenguMaxim nodadewabo ogunyaziwe, futhi unina wayengumgcini wendlu, umeluleki othembekile othembekile futhi othembekile. Ngeshwa, uNine Vasilievna akazange abe ngo-1954, lapho indodana yakhe ineminyaka eyishumi nesithupha. Ukushona kukaMama kwaba ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ngenxa yentombazane uMaxim, owayengamkeli isikhathi eside. Ngokushesha ngemva kokushona komkakhe wokuqala, uDmitry Shostakovich isisebenzi seqembu eshadile uMargarita Kainove. Ukushada naye akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside, futhi ngo-1962, uMaxim wayenomama omusha u-Irina Antonovna Supinskaya, obambe isikhundla somhleli wendlu yokushicilela "Umhleli WeSoviet". Ubaba wakhe wahlala naye waze wafa ngo-1975.

Isinqumo sokuba umqhubi

UDmitry Shostakovich kusukela esemncane wathatha indodana yakhe ekufundiseni nasemakhonsathini. Umsebenzi wePapa wavusa ukunxusa okuqotho komfana, futhi yena, ekuthandeni ngomculo ngayo yonke inhliziyo yakhe, akazange acabange ukuba khona kwakhe ngaphandle kwalokho. Ngo-1946, uMaxim weza ukuvuselela u-8th symphony kayise futhi wahlatshwa umxhwele yi-virtuoso ukusebenza komqhubi uJevgeny Mravinsky. Ngemva kwalokho, wanquma ngokuqinile ukuthi esikhathini esizayo uzobe eqhuba.

Ukufunda esikoleni somculo kanye nokugcinwa kwemvelo

UMaxim Dmitrievich wathola imfundo enhle kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sika-Helena Petrovna Hoven, wafunda upiyano esikoleni somculo saseMoscow Conservatory. Umqhubi uyakhumbula uthisha wakhe njengowesifazane owakhonza ngokwethembeka ubuciko bomculo. Ngemva kokuphothula iziqu, wangena e-pian faculty yaseMoscow Conservatory. Lapha umqeqeshi weNdodana ka Shostakovich wayengumdlali ovelele wama piano uJoseph Flier. Ekuhlolweni kokungena emnyango we-conservatory le nsizwa yenza i-Piano yesibili Concerto, eyakhiwa ngubaba wakhe odumile. Ngonyaka wesine, u-Shostakovich udluliselwe esikhwameni somqhubi. Lapha othisha bakhe babengabaqhubi abadumile njengoNikola Rabinovich, u-Alexander Gauk noGennady Rozhdestvensky.

Umsebenzi womqhubi e-USSR

Ngemva kokuphothula iziqu e-conservatory ngo-1963, u-Shostakovich Maxim Dmitrievich waba umsizi womqhubi omkhulu weMoscow Symphony Orchestra Veronika Borisovna Dudarova. Yena kanye naye, wahamba lonke iSoviet Union ngezokuvakasha. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva umculi osemusha wabhaliswa ku-State Symphony Orchestra yase-USSR. Ukuba umsizi kumqhubi omkhulu uEvgeny Fedorovich Svetlanov, indodana yomqambi kuqala yahamba phesheya. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwakhe e-State Orchestra wahamba lonke elaseYurophu, wavakashela eU.SA, eCanada, eMexico naseJapane.

Ngemva kokuqedwa kwegama lomsizi, uSvetlanov Maxim Dmitrievich wamenywa ukuba ayosebenza eBolshoi Symphony Orchestra ye- All-Union Radio kanye neCentral Television. Kamuva, wamiswa njengomqhubi wakhe oyinhloko. Ngo-1971, indodana kaShostakovich uMaxim waba yinhloko yeSyphony Orchestra yoMnyango Wezolimo ZaseSoviet Union. Lesi sikhundla sabanjwa ngumqhubi iminyaka eyishumi. Ngo-1978, ukuthola impumelelo enkulu emkhakheni wezobuciko bomculo, wanikezwa isihloko soMculi Ohloniphekile we-RSFSR.

Ngo-1979, uMaxim Shostakovich wenza i-debut yakhe njengomqhubi we-opera. Ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, ama-opas ambalwa ayekhona, phakathi kwabo "Lady Macbeth waseMtsensk", "I-Nose", njll.

Ukufuduka kwe-USA

Naphezu "kwempi ebandayo" phakathi kwe-USSR kanye nezwe laseNtshonalanga, uMaxim Shostakovich, ogama lakhe libhekwa njengalesi sihloko, ukhulume ngokuphindaphindiwe kwamanye amazwe. Ukuqala kwakhe njengomqhubi ngaphandle kwezwe kwenzeka ngo-1968 enhloko-dolobha yaseBrithani. Wabe esebenza eRoyal Festival Hall neLondon Philharmonic Orchestra. Ngemva konyaka, uMaxim Dmitrievich noGosorkestr bahamba uhambo olukhulu lwe-United States.

Ehamba emazweni angama-capitalist, indodana kaShostakovich yabona ukuthi amandla aSoviet angalungile aphethe kanjani abaculi bawo. Ukunganeliseki nokuphila e-USSR kwakhula naye njalo ngonyaka nokuningi. Ekugcineni, ngo-1981 ngesikhathi kuhambela i-FRG Shostakovich Maxim Dmitrievich wenza isinqumo esiqinile sokungabuyeli ekhaya. Ukuphunyuka kwakhe eNyunyeni kwakuyimbhalo yokuphikisana kwezombusazwe. Umqhubi waphupha ngokudlala umculo ayithandayo, futhi hhayi ngokulandela i-oda "evela phezulu." Imicabango yokuthuthela kwamanye amazwe yayimvakashele ngaphambili, kodwa ngenkathi uyise ephila, wayengenakukwazi ukumshiya. Ngemva kokufa kukaDmitry Dmitrievich ngo-1975, isifiso sokuphuma e-USSR saba namandla nakakhulu. Ukuguqulwa okwakubhidliza zonke izigaba zokuphila kuleli zwe kwakubonakala kuShostakovich, ophakade kunazo zonke. Wayefuna ukuthi izingane zakhe nabazukulu bakhe bakhule ezweni elikhululekile. Ngakwesokunxele ngemva kokuvakasha eJalimane nendodana yakhe uDmitry, umqhubi wahamba ngemva kwesikhathi esithile e-United States. Imicabango yokuthi wayezophinde ahambe enhlabathini yaseRashiya, wayengenayo.

Umsebenzi womsebenzi ekuthumeni

Umsebenzi we-Shostakovich wokudala eNtshonalanga awuphumelelanga kakhulu kunase-USSR. Ngo-1983, waya eHong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra, eyayiqondisa iminyaka emibili. Ngo-1986-1991, uMaxim Dmitrievich wayengumqhubi omkhulu we-Philharmonic Orchestra yaseNew Orleans. Ukuhlala e-States, u-Shostakovich waqhubeka esebenza kanzima futhi ekhuluma ngenkuthalo. Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yekhonsathi, wayebambe iqhaza ekulobeni izingoma zomculo zikababa kanye nama-pianist amakhonsathi. Ngo-1994, umqhubi okokuqala ngemuva kokuthuthela kwelinye izwe wafika eRussia ngezivakashi. Naphezu kwesidingo sobuchwepheshe eNtshonalanga, wayevame ukulangazelela ikhaya. Ngo-1997, wabuyela eRussia nomndeni wakhe wahlala eSt. Petersburg.

Abafazi nezingane zomqhubi

UMaxim Shostakovich wayeshadile kabili. Okuncane kakhulu kuyaziwa ngomfazi wokuqala we-pianist nomqhubi we-pilot . Emshadweni wakhe naye ngo-1961, kwazalwa indodana, eyayibizwa ngokuba nguDmitry. Ngemva kokuhamba noyise e-USSR, wahlala isikhathi esithile e-United States, ngemva kwalokho wathuthela eFrance. U-Dmitry Maksimovich uhlanganisa umculo wezinto zokwenza izinto ze-elektroniki.

Umfazi wamanje we-Shostakovich nguMarna. Kulo yindodana yomqambi ishada ngemuva kokuthuthela e-USA. Emshadweni wakhe wesibili wayenabantwana ababili - indodakazi kaMaria nendodana yakhe uMaxim, naye owahamba ngendlela yokudala. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, bahlanganyela emakhonsathini, bafunda ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo.

UMaxim Shostakovich akakwazi ukukhononda ngokuphila kwakhe siqu. Umama kaMarina akazange abe ngumama wezingane zakhe kuphela, kodwa futhi ungumlingani weqiniso, esekela oshade naye onolwazi kuyo yonke imizamo. Ngokokuqala ngqa umqhubi wambona lapho ekhuluma ngesikhathi sokuhlwa komculo eNdlu Yezinyunyana. UMarina, owayesesikoleni, wayala umyeni wakhe wesikhathi esizayo ukuthi amnike izimbali. Ukuqashelwa kwabashadile kwenzeka kamuva. Inkaba ephakathi kukaMaxim Dmitrievich noMarina yaqala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuthuthela kwakhe eMelika. Babesevele beshadile eMelika, lapho intombazane ihamba khona ngemva komthandekayo wakhe. Lapho, lo mbhangqwana wayenendodakazi nendodana.

Ukuphila okuhlangene nomkakhe wesibili

Ngesikhathi ese-US, uMaxim no-Marina Shostakovich bavakashela njalo amasonto angama-Orthodox namasonto. Indawo ababeyintandokazi yayisontweni elincane laseSt. Nicholas, elakhiwe imizamo yomklami ovelele we-aircraft Igor Sikorsky. Isinqumo sokubuyela eRussia senziwa yilabo abashadile ngemuva kokuba izingane zabo zikhule. Babefuna ukuba inzalo yabo ikhule endaweni yaseRashiya futhi ikhuliswe emasikweni ase-Orthodox. Naphezu kokuthi umqhubi nomkakhe bahlala eMoscow ngaphambi kokuba bathuthele eMelika, ngemuva kokubuyela ezweni lakubo, bahlala eSt. Petersburg, umuzi lapho uMaxim Shostakovich azalwa khona. Umndeni womqhubi uhlezi phakathi nendawo yedolobha eliyingqayizivele kwi-Neva. U-Shostakovich wabuyela kumculo, futhi uMarna wahlanganyela emisebenzini yomphakathi. Ngenxa yemizamo yakhe, isikole savulwa eSt. Catherine's Church eSt. Petersburg, lapho izingane, ngaphandle kwezifundo eziyisisekelo, zifundiswa umculo, ukudweba nokudansa. Indodana nendodakazi ka Shostakovich yaba omunye wabafundi bakhe bokuqala. Kamuva, lo mbhangqwana waqala ukwakha isikhungo semfundo ePavlovsk.

Buyela ekuqhubeni eRussia

Ngemva kokuxazulula inhloko-dolobha yaseNyakatho, uMaxim Shostakovich waqala umsebenzi wakhe osebenzayo. Umculo uyaqhubeka uhlala endaweni eyinhloko empilweni yakhe. Umqhubi waqala ukusebenza nama-orchestra eMoscow, eSt. Petersburg nakwamanye amadolobha aseRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuyele kumarekhodi wemisebenzi futhi waqala ukuqhuba uhambo lokuvakasha. Ngokusho kukaMaxim Shostakovich, umculo umenza abe nomuzwa wokuthi uyise usekhona eduze kwakhe futhi ujabulela impumelelo yakhe.