Abaqhubi abadumile bezwe

Isiko somculo asikwazi ukuba khona ngaphandle kwabashayeli, kanye nembonini yefilimu ngaphandle kwebaqondisi, ukubhala nokubhala kwezemisebenzi ngaphandle kwabashicileli, imiklamo yefomethi ngaphandle kwabakhiqizi. Umholi we-orchestra unikeza ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kwazo zonke izinto ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Umqhubi ngumlingisi oyinhloko esiteji seHilharmonic, ihholo lekhonsathi noma enye yesikhulumi somculo.

Ama-Virtuos

Ukuvumelana kwe-symphony orchestra, umsindo ohambelana wezinsimbi eziningi zomculo utholakala ngenxa yokuphatha umqhubi. Akumangalisi ukuthi abanolwazi abanamakhono abo banikezwa amanani aphezulu aphezulu neziqu, futhi kubantu ababizwa ngokuthi "ama-virtuosos." Ngempela, i-baton's conducon ikwazi ukuletha bonke abaculi abahleli ohlelweni lwe-orchestra wonke ama-nuances we-creative impulse. I-symphony orchestra enkulu iqala ukuzwakala ngokugcwele, futhi ukubunjwa komculo kwembula ngokwakho konke okukhazimulayo.

Abaqhubi abadumile babumbene ngesisekelo sobuchwepheshe, bonke badlula esikoleni esiphakeme sobuciko, hhayi ngokushesha kubo okwavela ukuthandwa nokuqashelwa komphakathi jikelele. Ukubaluleka kutholakala iminyaka. Iningi labaqhubi abawaziwayo, ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yekhonsathi, bahlanganyela ekufundiseni, ukuqhuba izifundo zokuqeqesha abaculi abasha, kanye nokufunda amakilasi.

Ukuzinikela

Ubuciko bokuqhuba i-orchestra kudinga iminyaka eminingi yokusebenza, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo, okuholela ekufundiseni okungapheli. Abanye abaqhubi abadumile bahlukaniswa nokuphikelela okukhethekile okudala, emngceleni wokuzidela, lapho impilo yomuntu iphikisana ngemuva futhi umculo uhlala. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo sithanda ubuciko.

Abaqhubi abadumile kunazo zonke baxhunywe yizivumelwano ngezivumelwano ezithile zomculo, futhi lokhu kubanika ithuba lokufeza izinga eliphezulu lokusebenza kwemisebenzi yomculo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqonda okudingekile kuyadingeka, okuzosebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengesiqinisekiso somsebenzi wekhonsathi ophumelelayo.

Ama-opera ahloniphekile

Embusweni womhlaba womculo kukhona amagama wonke umuntu owaziyo. Amagama ama-opera athandwayo adumile angatholakala kuma-posters, amabhodi amabhodi, amagama abo abizwa ngokuthi ama-cruise liners. Lokhu kudumile kufanelwe kahle, njengoba bambalwa kakhulu abantu abakwazi ukunikezela impilo yabo yonke, ngaphandle kwemali, kumculo. Abaqhubi abadumile kakhulu bahamba emhlabeni jikelele, behambela ngeziqoqo ezihlukahlukene zomculo noma beqondisa ama-orchestras ezindaweni ezikhulu zomculo. Ukusebenza kwe-Opera kudinga ukuhlanganiswa okukhethekile kwe-orchestra uma kuhambiswa izingxenye zezwi, ama-arias namahhashi. Kuzo zonke izikhungo zomculo ungathola amagama ama-opera adumile, angamenywa okwesikhashana noma uchungechunge lwezokudlala. Ama-impresarios abanolwazi awazi isitayela somsebenzi kanye nezici zomlingisi ngamunye. Lokhu kubasiza ukuba benze ukukhetha okulungile.

Abaqhubi abavelele baseRussia

Umculo, ikakhulukazi i-opera, iqukethe izingxenye eziningi. Kukhona i-orchestra, efaka izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene: umoya, uchungechunge, umnsalo, umcibisholo. Ama-Soloists, abenzi bezingxenye zezwi, i-choir nabanye abahlanganyeli kulo mdlalo. Ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ze-opera ukusebenza ku-unit eyodwa kubumbene nomqondisi wokusebenza kanye nomqhubi we-orchestra. Futhi laba bahlanganyela ngokuhlanganyela emsebenzini kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekupheleni. E-Russia, kukhona abaqhubi abahamba nomculo wabo, ngomculo wabo, ehamba ngendlela eyodwa yeqiniso eholela umbukeli ebuciko bangempela.

Abaqhubi abavelele baseRussia (uhlu):

• U-Aleksandrov Alexander Vasilievich.
• Bashmet Yuri Abramovich.
• Bezrodnaya Svetlana Borisovna.
• Bogoslovsky Nikita Vladimirovich.
• Bronevitsky Alexander Alexandrovich.
• Vasilenko Sergey Nikiforovich.
• UGaranan Georgiy Abramovich.
• UGergiev Valeriy Abisalovich.
• Gorenstein Mark Borisovich.
• UDyagilev Sergey Alexandrovich.
• Evtushenko Alexey Mikhailovich.
• Ermakova Lyudmila Vladimirovna.
• Kabalevsky Dmitry Borisovich.
• UKazhlaev Murad Magomedovich.
• UKogan Pavel Leonidovich.
• Lundstrem Oleg Leonidovich
• Mravinsky Evgeny Alexandrovich.
• Svetlanov Evgeny Fedorovich.
• Spivakov Vladimir Teodorovich.

Umqhubi ngamunye waseRussia owaziwayo angakwazi ukuhola ngempumelelo noma yiliphi i-orchestra yamazwe angaphandle, ukuphindaphinda okuningana okwanele kulokhu. Ukuqeqeshwa kwabaculi kusiza ukunqoba kokubili umkhawulo wolimi kanye nokwahlukana kwezitayela.

World Celebrities

Abaqhubi abavelele bomhlaba bangabanomdla abanamakhono, abaqaphela umphakathi jikelele.

Pavel Kogan

Umqhubi waseRussia odume kakhulu, oye wanikeza ubuciko bakhe emhlabeni iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40. Ukuthandwa kwakhe akukaze kube khona. Igama le-maestro lisendleleni yabaqhubi abayishumi abakhulu kunamanje. Umculi wazalwa emndenini wama-violinist awaziwayo, uLeonid Kogan no-Elizaveta Gilels. Kusukela ngo-1989, ube ngumqondisi wokugcina ubuciko, kanye noMqondisi Oyinhloko weMGAAS (Moscow State Symphony Orchestra). Ngesikhathi esifanayo umele iRussia ezindaweni ezinkulu zomculo zaseMelika.

U-Pavel Kogan wenza emhlabeni wonke ngama-orchestra amahle kakhulu, ubuciko bakhe bubhekwa ngokungenakuqhathaniswa. I-maestro iyigugu lomNyango kaRussia waseRussia, unesihloko esithi "People's Artist of Russia". Futhi, uPavel Kogan unemiklomelo eminingi, kuhlanganise ne-Order of Merit ye-Fatherland ne-Order of Arts.

UHerbert von Karajan

Umqhubi odume emhlabeni wase-Austrian u-Herbert von Karajan (1908-1989) wazalwa emndenini wabafuduki abangamaGreki. Lapho eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye wangena e-Conservatoire yeMarzarteum eSalzburg, lapho afunde khona iminyaka eyishumi futhi wathola amakhono okuqhuba okokuqala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uKarajan osemncane wenza kahle upiyano.

Leli qembu lenzeke ngo-1929 eSaterball Festival Theatre. UHerbert wenza i-opera kaRichard Strauss "uSalome". Esikhathini esukela ngo-1929 kuya ku-1934 wayenguKhomishana weKapellmeister enkundleni yaseshashalazini edolobheni laseJalimane lase-Ulm. Khona-ke uKarayan wama isikhathi eside ngemuva kwedeski lomqhubi we-Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wenza nge-opera kaCharles Gounod "iWalpurgis Night".

Ihora lezinkanyezi lomqhubi wafika ngo-1938, lapho i-opera kaRichard Wagner "Tristan ne-Isolde" esebenza ngayo yaba impumelelo enkulu, emva kwalokho uHerbert waqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "Miracle-Karayan."

ULeonard Bernstein

Umqhubi waseMelika uLeonard Bernstein (1918-1990), wazalwa emndenini wabafuduki abangamaJuda. Imfundo yomculo yaqala uLeonard esemncane, yafunda ukudlala upiyano. Kodwa-ke, kancane kancane umfana wajoyina ekuqhubeni, futhi ngo-1939 wenza intando yakhe - insizwa yaseBernstein eyenziwa nge-orchestra encane eyakhelwe ukwakheka kwayo okuthiwa i-The Birds.

Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bakhe obuphakeme, uLeonard Bernstein washeshe wathola ukuthandwa futhi kakade eminyakeni yakhe encane yayiholwa iNew York Philharmonic Orchestra. Ukuba ngumuntu ophelele wokudala, umqhubi wayehlanganyela ezincwadini. Ipeni lakhe lingezincwadi ezingaba ngu-12 ezinikezelwe umculo.

Valery Gergiev

Umqhubi odumile uGergiev Valery Abisalovich wazalwa ngoMeyi 2, 1953 eMoscow. Lapho eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye wangena eLeningrad Conservatoire. Njengomfundi wabamba iqhaza emncintiswaneni wamazwe omhlaba eBerlin, lapho athatha indawo yesibili.

Ngemva kokuqeda isikole e-conservatory ngo-1977, umqhubi omncane wamukelwa njengomsizi we-Kirov Theater. Umeluleki wakhe nguYurkey Temirkanov, futhi ngo-1978 uValery Gergiev wema ngemuva kwalaba kude futhi wadlala iProkoev's opera War and Peace. Ngo-1988, washintsha u-Yuri Temirkanov, ngemuva kokuhamba kwakhe eya eFeningrad Philharmonic.

Unyaka ka-1992 wabonakaliswa ngokubuyela e-Kirov Theatre yegama layo elimlando "iMariinsky Theatre". Umphakathi wezemidlalo waseSt. Petersburg, ukuze uthole ukusebenza kwe-opera, kubhalwe kusengaphambili, izinyanga ezizayo. Namuhla u-Valery Gergiev uyinhloko yomqhubi wezemidlalo kanye nomqondisi wayo wezobuciko.

Evgeny Svetlanov

Umqhubi odumile, uRussia kanye nomhlaba wonke, u-Evgeny Fedorovich Svetlanov (1928-2002) washiya uphawu oluphawulekayo emagugu amasiko eRussia. Uneziqu ezibizwa nge "Hero of Laborist Labor" nethi "Umculi Wabantu We-USSR". Ungumlingisi weLenin neMiklomelo kaHulumeni we-USSR.

Umsebenzi we-Svetlanov wokudala waqala ngemva kokuphothula iziqu ku-Gnessin Institute ngo-1951. Waqhubekela phambili izifundo zakhe eMoscow Conservatoire ekilasini le-opera ne-symphony eqhuba futhi eyakhiwe.

Leli qembu laqala ngo-1954 eBolshoi Theatre ekukhiqizeni i-Opera "Pskovityanka" kaRimsky-Korsakov. Kusukela ngo-1963 kuya ku-1965 wayengumqhubi omkhulu weBolshoi Theatre. Phakathi nesikhathi somsebenzi wakhe, izinga lokusebenza kwe-opera landa ngokuphawulekayo.

Eminyakeni ye-1965-2000. Umsebenzi ohlanganisiwe ekuthunyelwe komqondisi wezobuciko kanye nomqhubi omkhulu we-State Symphony Orchestra yase-USSR (kamuva iRussia).

UVladimir Spivakov

Umqhubi waseRashiya uVladimir Teodorovich Spivakov wazalelwa ngo-1944 edolobheni lase-Ufa. Ngo-1968 waphumelela eMoscow Conservatory, ngo-1970, esikoleni esiphakeme.

Ukusebenza uVladimir Spivakov wafunda e-Gorky Conservatory noProfesa Israel Gusman. Kamuva wadlulisa inkambo ekhethekile e-USA, kuLeonard Bernstein noLorin Maazel.

Njengamanje ungumqondisi unomphela nomqhubi weMoscow Symphony Orchestra "I-Virtuosi yaseMoscow", eyazihlela yena ngo-1979. Wenza ngama-orchestras aseYurophu namaqembu omculo e-United States. Eqhutshwa emidlalo yaseshashalazini ethi "La Scala", i-Academy of Cecilia, i-Philharmonic yedolobha laseJalimane laseCologne nomsakazo waseFrance. Ungumongameli we-International House of Music eMoscow.

Yuri Bashmet

U- Abramovich, ongumqhubi waseRussia uBashmet , wazalwa ngoJanuwari 24, 1953 eRostov-on-Don. Umculi wabantu we-USSR. Ukuhlonishwa kwemiklomelo yombuso emine yeRussian Federation.

Ngo-1976 waphumelela eMoscow Conservatory. Ngo-1972, ngenkathi engumfundi, wathola i-viola viola yenkosi yase-Italy uPaolo Testore, eyenziwa ngo-1758. Kule nsimbi eyingqayizivele iBashmet idlala namhlanje.

Waqala umsebenzi wekhonsathi osebenzayo ngo-1976, futhi eminyakeni emibili kamuva waba uthisha eMoscow Conservatory. Ngo-1996, u-Yuri Bashmet wadala "uMnyango we-Esperimental Alta", lapho afunda izingxenye ze-viola ngo-symphonic, opera nomculo wekamelo. Khona-ke uthola isihloko seprofesa eMoscow Conservatory. Njengamanje uhlanganyele emisebenzini yokuzithandela nemisebenzi yomphakathi.