Scene ukuhlaziywa: "Isikhumbuzo". Derzhavin GR

Wonke umuntu abanamakhono ivame ukushiya into ngemuva, asikhumbule izizukulwane kunezizukulwane zika. Izimbongi ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene enkondlweni waphakamisa impikiswano yaphakade ngokuphindaphindiwe, ezama ukubikezela lokho isiphetho balindelwe imisebenzi yabo. Ngisho Homer Horace abazinikezele ODE yakhe izihloko ezifanayo, wayethanda philosophize bese uzindla ikusasa emsebenzini wakhe, futhi abalobi Russian. Omunye wabo Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. "Isikhumbuzo", ukuhlaziywa okukuvumela ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana classicism isiRashiya, ayebhalwe 1795. Lokhu inkondlo liyamtusa izincwadi Soviet, okuyinto uye wakwazi ukuba abe lula ukuliqonda.

Gabriel Derzhavin - classicist

Gabriel Derzhavin kwaba intandokazi Umbusikazi uCatherine II, wanikezela i Ode to wakhe "Felitsa", kodwa ngempela umsebenzi wakhe bayazisa kuphela ngemva kokufa umbhali omkhulu.

Umlobi futhi imbongi, wayengumuntu omele abavelele balo classicism, njengoba bamukela nesiko European yokubhala imisebenzi e isitayela sublime, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo Wabenzela eziningi ingxoxo, okwenza tinkondlo letilula kuyaqondakala ngoba kuzo zonke izizinda zokuphila ukhuluma ngani nokuhlaziya etemibhalo .

"Isikhumbuzo" Derzhavin sakhiwa ngenjongo yokudumisa izincwadi Russian, ukuthi uye wakwazi ukuvuselela futhi liphume ukwangiwa Friend of classicism. Ngeshwa, abacusumbuli baye kabi le nkondlo, kanye nombhali ibhakuzelisa negative - bemthwesa icala lokuziqhayisa ngokweqile nokuqhosha. Gavriil Romanovich wakhuthaza abaphikisi ukuziba isitayela abaqhoshayo, futhi ucabanga ngencazelo yaleli vesi lapho wasikisela wayengekho yena.

Ukuhlaziywa Derzhavin inkondlo "Isikhumbuzo" kusenza siqonde ukuthi umbhali ubhekisela yokuthi kwathi ukwenza izinkondlo Russian abantu athe xaxa ukuthi. Emsebenzini walo, imbongi ithi yamisa lesikhumbuzo yena "ngaphezu imibhoshongo" futhi "izinsimbi firmer", ngeke abhubhise noma isivunguvungu, noma iminyaka, ngoba, hhayi isakhiwo ezingokomoya. Gavriil Romanovich luthemba ngobuqotho ukuthi izizukulwane zesikhathi esizayo uzokwazi bayawuthanda kakhulu umsebenzi wakhe futhi umnikelo izincwadi kazwelonke. Kodwa umbhali ayikwazi enginakho kabanzi mayelana ngodumo lwakhe nangakho mayelana izitayela ezintsha izinkondlo, kuqinisekiswa ngemisebenzi le ukuhlaziywa.

"Isikhumbuzo" Derzhavin wabhala ukuthi abafundi zikwazi ukujabulela ubuhle isitayela olusankondlo, okuyinto esetshenziswa uqondakale kuphela kumbuthano elilinganiselwe labantu. Poet wabona kusengaphambili ukuthi ingxenye enkulu "sokufa uzakuphila," ngisho ambalwa kube sikhumbuzo ngaye. Gavriil Romanovich sasizifunela abalandeli bakhe, abakwazi ukuqhubeka lo msebenzi. Kuba sobala, kubalulekile ukuqhuba ukuhlaziya enkondlweni. "Isikhumbuzo" Derzhavin empeleni wazakhela omangalisayo futhi obungantengantengi, ongema eminyaka.

Mentor geniuses abasha

Gavriil Romanovich waba umeluleki ngokomoya izimbongi enkulu kangako enjengokufa Pushkin futhi Lermontov, kwaba isibonelo ngabo ukulandela. Derzhavin efuna ukufundisa isizukulwane esizayo yezimbongi "iqiniso emakhosini uthi emomotheka 'futhi' lula inhliziyo ukukhuluma ngoNkulunkulu." Umlobi ngiphuphe ukungafi izinkondlo Russian - yilokho ikhombisa ukuhlaziywa kwezincwadi. "Isikhumbuzo" Derzhavin wabhalela ugqozi izimbongi osemusha ukuba aqambe liqondwe yibo bonke abantu kwezakhi zenhlabathi amavesi umphakathi, futhi wawufinyelela umgomo wakhe.