Eziyinkimbinkimbi Military-yezimboni Russia: embonini, ibhizinisi, inkinga. Isakhiwo kanye nokuthuthukiswa eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezempi-industrial eRussia

ezingaba waseRussia ezempi waqale waqonda njengoba umxhwele kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hhayi zonke izakhamuzi Russian ezingabonakala ngokucacile amele isakhiwo komkhakha ukuzivikela yezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu lwazi akuhlali kutholakala. Ngakho sinesizathu esizwakalayo ukuba banake isakhiwo MIC.

eziyinkimbinkimbi Military-yezimboni Russia

Ngokuphathelene nalesi sihloko, ekuqaleni kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi MIC kungenziwa ngokuphepha chasiselwe umkhakha, eye waba ngaphezu umthelela eziphathekayo ukuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho eminyakeni wempilo we Russian Federation.

Nakuba esikhathini esithile esidlule into efana eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezempi-industrial yeRussia, babehlale bekhona abambalwa ukufiphala, phakathi intuthuko ezimbili senkulungwane kule ndawo liye lacaca. Uma sikhuluma isimo ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi, kubalulekile ukumemezela iqiniso lokuthi umkhakha ukuzivikela has a lot of imikhakha okuqhubekayo:

- embonini zezindiza;

- zasemkhathini;

- Rocket and Space;

- ukukhululwa nezinhlamvu kanye nezinhlamvu;

- shipbuilding wezempi nabanye.

Abadlali main ezidinga ukunakwa ngaphakathi nezimpi-zezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ungakwazi ukuchaza izinkampani ezilandelayo:

- "Technologies Russian";

- "Rosoboronexport";

- OJSC "Ukukhathazeka PVO" Almaz-Antey ", nabanye.

Kangakanani nokwakheka Imboni yezokuvikela

Ngaphansi le timu udinga ekuqaleni ukugqamisa ulwazi olulandelayo: ngesikhatsi asebenzayo wave 90 ka azimele ayizange akathunyelwa eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezempi-industrial yeRussia. Ngakho-ke, uma thina manje sihlaziye isakhiwo Russian samasosha zezimboni impahla eziyinkimbinkimbi, uzophawula ukuthi iningi kalula ezakha izinkampani okuhlangene isitokwe. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, inkampani okuhlangene isitokwe lonke ibutho lezempi eziyinkimbinkimbi zezimboni - 57%. Ngakho isabelo isimo engekho e 28,2% lezi amabhizinisi.

Ungakwazi ubheke nenye idatha enikeziwe Chamber of akhawunti. Ngokusho lokhu kwaziswa, embonini zezindiza usebenza cishe 230 izitshalo. Kodwa 7 kuphela okungesabo esimweni (kuba abalawula khona inzalo).

Njengomunye timphawu letibalulekile izinkampani Russian kungenziwa oqokiwe sawo ezicini ezihlukahlukene zomsebenzi nezinhlangano sikahulumeni. Okwamanje, isakhiwo of the complex samasosha yezimboni Russia kuhlanganisa 5 ejensi wombuso ukuthi engamele wemboni ukuzivikela futhi ingxenye kahulumeni :

- NOMNCINTISWANO. Isebenza ku -electronics umkhakha, ukuxhumana nomsakazo.

- "Rossudostroyeniye". Lubhekele ekwengameleni ukukhiqizwa shipbuilding.

- CANCER. Kulawula izinqubo ngaphakathi rocket Isikhala zezindiza umkhakha.

- PAB. Kulokhu sikhuluma izingalo umkhakha.

- "Rosboyepripasy". Le nhlangano ngokukhethekile ukusebenza umkhakha futhi lwekhemikhali ethile Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe.

Kwahlangana izakhi eziyinhloko eyinkimbinkimbi samasosha zezimboni

Uma sicabangela izici eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezempi-industrial yeRussia, asinakulishalazela imibono izinhlangano eziyingxenye yayo:

- Amahhovisi Design, okuyinto zenzelwe ukusebenza prototypes (prototypes) izikhali.

- Inhlangano Ucwaningo iphrofayela. umsebenzi ngokuyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa theory.

- Ukukhiqizwa amabhizinisi. Kulokhu, izinsiza asetshenziselwa ekukhiqizweni izikhali.

- landfills, kanye nokuhlolwa okwenziwa kuzo ucwaningo. Lapha kunengqondo ukukhuluma ngento imisebenzi embalwa ebalulekile. Lokhu okuthiwa ilungise inkinga ka prototypes ukusebenza langempela futhi ukuhlolelwa kwezikhali, okuyinto kuphela yahamba emgqeni production.

Ukuze wenze uhlaka isithombe esiphelele ukusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezempi-ezimbonini kanye ukuhlonza zonke ubuso ukuthi unayo eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezempi-industrial yeRussia, kubalulekile ukuba banake yokuthi izinkampani ukuthi ziyingxenye wemboni ukuzivikela, futhi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo kokuba aye empini.

Manje kuwufanele sihlolisise umkhakha MIC

Izikhali Zenuzi Complex

Ukuthuthukiswa eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezempi-industrial eRussia Kunzima ukucabanga ngaphandle lesi siqondiso. Kuhlanganisa eziningi ezindaweni osendaweni ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lokhu isizinda ka-uranium-ore nokukhiqizwa alandelayo CONCENTRATE lokhu impahla eluhlaza. Isinyathelo esibaluleke esilandelayo ukwehlukana isotopes ka-uranium (kwandzisa lwati). Lo msebenzi wenziwa phezu izitshalo, okuyinto zitholakala emadolobheni ezifana kwase-Angarsk, Novouralsk, Seversk futhi Zelenogorsk.

Uzokwenza kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi eRussia 45% umthamo, okuyinto ukugxila kwandzisa lwati of uranium. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezikhali zenuzi nokunciphisa umkhakha echazwe ngenhla zigxile amakhasimende entshonalanga.

Enye into yalolu okuyinkimbinkimbi njengendawo MIC isebenza isikhathi, nokwabiwa izikhali grade plutonium. izinqolobane zayo basuke bagxila Russian Federation, tando suffice iminyaka eminingi.

Izinkampani ezisebenza ngaphakathi izikhali zenuzi eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi behileleke womshini izakhi fuel, okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze ukusebenza ezindaweni zamandla enunzi, inhlangano kwezikhali zenuzi kanye enemisebe imfucuza.

Rocket nesikhala umkhakha

Ingabizwa kufanele ngokuthi omunye kakhulu zobuchwepheshe. Yini imele ICBM wedwa (InterContinental missile ballistic), ukuqeda umsebenzi okufanele kube izinhlelo ezahlukene, amadivayisi angaba yizinkulungwane 300 futhi izingxenye. Futhi uma sikhuluma esikhulu isikhala eziyinkimbinkimbi, lesi sibalo lakhuphuka lafika ku-10 million.

It is ngenxa yalesi sizathu, imboni bagxila kakhulu of ososayensi, onjiniyela kanye abaklami.

umkhakha izindiza

Ukutadisha eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezempi-industrial zaseRussia, umkhakha kanye isiqondiso kulo mkhakha, zezindiza kuyadingeka ukuze banake kunjalo. Lapha kubalulekile ukukhuluma mayelana izikhungo enkulu yezimboni, njengoba lenhlangano imikhiqizo kudingeka amabhizinisi umzali. Abanye bamane nje abanalo afanele isizinda lobuchwepheshe lenhlangano adingekayo izinqubo okusheshayo futhi eliphezulu yokukhiqiza.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kumelwe kugujwe izimo ezimbili ezibalulekile: ukutholakala ukuxhumana ezokuthutha zomphakathi abafanelekayo kanye ehlelekile. eziyinkimbinkimbi Military-yezimboni eRussia kanye ezindaweni ezithize zezindiza kukhona esimweni njalo yentuthuko, okuvumela Russian ukuba abe isithekelisi ezinkulu kwezikhali, kuhlanganise izindiza.

Wezikhali kanye ngezikhali ezincane

Kuyinto futhi umkhakha obalulekile. Imboni yezokuvikela Russian akunakwenzeka ukuba aphumelele ukukubona ngeso lengqondo konke ngaphandle abadumile Kalashnikov nokuhlanganisa isibhamu. Kuyinto uhlobo ethandwa kakhulu izikhali ezincane, okuyinto kuveza ngalesi sikhathi eRussia.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kwe-CIS ke eselineminyaka 55 uthi. Kepha wezikhali izinhlelo, izikhungo zokukhiqiza zitholakala emadolobheni ezifana Perm, Ekaterinburg futhi Nizhny Novgorod.

umkhakha armored

Uma banake maphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezempi-yezimboni eRussia, ngemva kokuphenywa wokuhluza ezilula kungenza siphetfo lesicacile: kulendawo we umkhakha ukuzivikela singachazwa ngokuthi omunye amaningi.

Ngqo amathangi ngokwabo akhiqizwa Omsk futhi Nizhny Tagil. Izimboni elise eChelyabinsk St Petersburg, kukhona at the stage of ukuguqulwa. Kepha APCs, basuke benza ekukhiqizeni amarhwebo Kurgan futhi Arzamas.

shipbuilding lempi

Ngaphandle kwayo, eyinkimbinkimbi samasosha yezimboni Russia ayikwazi kubhekwe ephelele.

Kulokhu, yokukhiqiza isikhungo ngobukhulu kohlaka lesi siqondiso kuyinto St Petersburg. Phakathi edolobheni itholakala ku 40 amabhizinisi ahlobene shipbuilding.

On isihloko ngwenya yenuzi, kubalulekile ukuba banake yokuthi okwamanje sokukhiqizwa kwayo Kwenziwa kuphela Severodvinsk.

Izinto ukwazi umkhakha ukuzivikela ukuguqulwa

Kulokhu sikhuluma ekushintsheni umkhakha wezempi, futhi uma sikhuluma ngokukhethekile, ushintsho yayo emakethe zomsebenzi. Yayichaza lelisu sisobala: ukukhiqizwa izindawo ezikhona okwamanje, bakwazi ukukhiqiza kakhulu nezempi kuka idingwa nesidingo langempela. Lokho, abaningi akudingeki noma Russia uqobo, noma amakhasimende ayo njengamanje kanye nabasha.

Nge umbono onjalo kuyinto iqhinga sobala: ukuqondisa kabusha ingxenye amabhizinisi empini okukhipha, samanje somkhakha wezolimo bese zomsebenzi. Ngakho, gcina imisebenzi kanye nezimboni ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kwabo esitebeleni, futhi isimo ngeke inzuzo. Qedela ngokuvumelana.

Ukusetshenziswa lempi izinsiza zokukhiqiza, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, izinjongo zokuthula, ethembisa futhi ngenxa yokuthi kulezi amabhizinisi kukhona emakamu abalulekile ubuchwepheshe eziphambili nochwepheshe nge ezingeni lelisetulu ziqu.

Ukusebenzisa lelisu, ungakwazi ukuxazulula okungenani ezinye izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezempi-industrial yeRussia. Nakuba ekugcineni okukhipha nzile ubuchwepheshe oluhlobene kakhulu ezempi.

Ubunzima esobala

Against isizinda ulwazi olungenhla lula ukuphetha ngokuthi ukuguqulwa efanayo - lena akuwona neze umsebenzi olula. Kungaba empeleni zibangelwa enye yezinselele ezinkulu kunazozonke ezibhekene nemboni yezokuvikela. Azikho izixazululo ezilula ukukhomba. Ukugcina kunentuthuko kule ndawo, kudingeka bahlale sizame eside.

Enye inkinga okufanele babhekane - akucacile esizayo izimali samasosha zezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi. eziyinkimbinkimbi Military-yezimboni Russia ingathola imali kusuka isimo kuphela kulabo amabhizinisi ayingxenye uhlelo federal noma ubheke inani ukukhiqizwa izindawo eziphethwe uhulumeni.

Ngokuphathelene ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle, izizathu ukubala ngokuphepha kubo okwamanje. Ngakho e nesimo esinzima kungaba izitshalo zokukhiqiza imigqa, okuye zibuye ziphelelwe isikhathi noma abakwazi ukukhiqiza anhlobonhlobo imikhiqizo wokuncintisana lempi ngokukhethekile.

Uma sizama ukuhlola isimo somnotho izinkampani ukuzivikela ngokuvamile, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi heterogeneous kakhulu. Iphuzu liwukuthi ukuthi kukhona izitshalo kabani ukukhiqizwa has a funa ezithile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona labo amabhizinisi okuyizinto esimeni esibucayi zezimboni ezijulile, kungakhathaliseki yokuthi basonta isimo noma cha.

Noma kunjalo, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi uhulumeni elungisa isimo izingxenye ezithile MIC. Lokhu kuqinisekisa isitatimende seqembu i-Coordinating Council imihlahlandlela sokuthuthukisa sinjalo isimo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-Russia kukhona inhlangano esebenzayo isiqondiso yezesayensi lokubalulekile isicelo kohlaka amabhizinisi yezempi, futhi lokho kuthuthukisa kakhulu amathuba okuthi uphumelele umkhakha ukuzivikela ukuthuthukiswa nokusebenza ngokugcwele. Imizamo nazo imizamo ehleleke kahle ukukhulisa ukuhambisana umkhiqizo iza off the amabhizinisi umhlangano line of the complex samasosha zezimboni, okulindelwe utshalomali ezimakethe Russian angaphandle.

Imiphumela

Kusobala ukuthi nakuba isimo esinzima emhlabeni amathuba MIC lekusasa eliqhakazile futhi lesichubekako manje ngokucacile. Uhulumeni njalo esebenza ngalolo ukuba benze izinguquko ezidingekayo ukuze uvumele izinkampani ukuzivikela kakhulu ngempumelelo.