Acetate. Ukukhiqizwa cellulose acetate Imicu yotshani

Ngazo zonke izikhathi, basembonini yendwangu wayengomunye yemikhakha ebaluleke kakhulu emnothweni ezweni lethu, ngoba wanikela isimo lenqwaba izicubu ngakho-kudingeka ukuthi njalo kudingeka hhayi kuphela izingubo, kodwa ngisho lisetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa kwezikhali.

Futhi ngenxa yokuthi cishe kusukela ezinsukwini wokuqala weSoviet Union phambi bamakhemikhali ukuthi ibuye esikhiqiza kwezicubu yokufakelwa, njengoba izinto zemvelo, okuyinto ayifuna ngabomvu entulekayo. Ngenxa yalokho, idaliwe acetate fibre.

Kuyini lokhu?

Uzokwenza kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lo okuthiwa nalinye ikakhulukazi uhlobo izicubu , kodwa abaningana izinhlobo nezindwangu zokwenziwa. Kuzo zonke izimo, ukwenza ngaphandle acetate cellulose. I njalo iningi triacetyl cellulose fibre, kanye ezivamile cellulose acetate fibre ekhiqizwa kusuka ezase cellulose acetate.

izinga Okubalulekile zokwenziwa Imicu yotshani

Hygroscopicity izindwangu enjalo lingaphansi kuka 3.5%. Fibre cishe ayikwazi ukudonsa umswakama, akusho sikhukhumale akukuniki kwezulu, ngisho nangemva kokuyalwa kaningi sifakwe emanzini / omiswe umjikelezo. Uma eqhathaniswa izindwangu zemvelo, yokufakelwa ingasaphathwa engavikelekile ukuba ezincane, ukukhanya, futhi ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, base imvukuzane diki. Lezi izindwangu ngaphandle ukulahlekelwa impahla yayo ukumelana ukushisa kuze kube degrees 100 Celsius.

Izinto ezenziwe imicu acetate, mnandi kakhulu ukubheka, omkhulu kusulwe futhi bome ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho wokuwasha isidingo ingasaphathwa ukwengeza yokuwasha, njengoba ukungcola wageza kalula kude le micu yalolu hlobo.

Qaphela ukuthi acid ababuthakathaka lezisekelo musa kuthinte fibre acetate kuyalimaza kakhulu, njengoba kunjalo ngendwangu engokwemvelo, kodwa ngenxa it is saponified futhi ulahlekelwe kakhulu izimfanelo wabo ozuzisayo. ngokushesha bagxila esifanayo acid wezinto kubuqede.

isakhiwo ezincane of kwezintambo zesivikelo sesifuba

Uma ubheka izicubu ngaphansi ngesibonakhulu, ungabona amakhulu anemifantu longitudinal phezu fibre. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngamunye imicu interlock kabi ngomunye nomunye, futhi lendwangu ngokuvamile ngempela ukubhekana nezimo ezinzima futhi kabi olwembiza. Shine labafanana ngokubukeka nge kasilika yemvelo, kanye ukushuba kwezintambo zesivikelo sesifuba ngabanye iyafana intambo ukuthi ikhishwe izibungu amacimbi. Uma umenzi phambi umsebenzi ethola izicubu, lapho lokuluhlaza kuthiwa thembeke waxhumana nomunye, phezu fibre zakhiwe H emise cross-ukusikeka.

Ngaphezu amandla anda, indwangu enjalo libhekene limnandi Ukukhalipha elikhazimulayo, kodwa ngoba ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa nezinjongo umhlobiso.

Okumbi lendwangu acetate

Ngeshwa, kukhona okungahambi kahle: la izinhlobo izinto yokufakelwa ukumelana nokuhuzuka ezimbi kakhulu, kulula kakhulu ukuba sithole zikagesi kabi ibhecwe upende ejwayelekile, ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ukwenza basembonini yendwangu. Kufanele ironed ngaphandle kokuba izinga lokushisa yensimbi phezu 115 °, kusukela kungenjalo kungenzeka ukusonteka ezishisayo.

Okunye izimfanelo ezimbi

Banikezwe umthamo eliphezulu kakhulu acetate zesivikelo ekuqongeleleni kwenkokhiso static kuwo kunalokho nzima ukukhiqiza indwangu. Uma ayina kancane kude kakhulu ne lokushisa yensimbi phezu lendwangu kukhona amaphutha ngokujulile ukuthi kakade kungenzeki ukuqeda. fibre acetate luthungelwa ophuzi elikhanyayo. iqeda ngempela kalula whereupon ngisho nokusha okuncane eside, ukwaba semali emoyeni ambient intuthu aminyene futhi iphunga.

ukukhiqizwa

Njengoba ungase uqonde, fibre acetate ikhiqizwa cellulose. Yiqiniso, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukotini, kodwa iphansi noma kungenzeka ukusebenzisa eliphezulu izinkuni. Ngemva asathuthuka futhi ihlanzeke futhi ziphathwe anhydride acetic. Njengoba kulethe ukuphendula esetshenziswayo sulfuric acid, futhi ukuncibilikisa acetate okuholela sengezwe acetic acid.

Ukuba khona nengcosana amanzi uqale saponify endwangwini, endaweni diacetate cellulose. Ukuze izidakamizwa okuholela yengezwe ingxube acetone namanzi (95: 1). Zonke ukuphotha ingxube usulungile. It is elicwengekileyo, ukuhlanza lokweqisa indawo ukungcola mechanical bese ithunyelwa umshini ukuphotha. Ukulungiselela acetate fibre kwenzeka emoyeni (Okomileyo indlela).

Le ndlela futhi yokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yisiphi amakhemikhali ezengeziwe kudingeka. I uqweqwe viscous ukuphotha mass umane ophoqelelwe ngokusebenzisa spinneret nge sebuningini izimbobo, bese ugelezela emoyeni-umusi ekamelweni ezingeni lokushisa mayelana 87 degrees Celsius. Kusukela ukukhiqizwa cellulose acetate Imicu yotshani kudinga izindodla amanzi kanye cellulose, izitshalo abaningi abazizwa ngayo iBaikal.

Olunye ulwazi mayelana umbala

Heat okudingekayo ukuze shabalala ngokuphelele acetone kule ngxube. Ngemva kwalokho, ntambo is selehlile, ubuso thereof camera ngamafutha ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwenkokhiso static, bese nilimaza phezu bobbin. Kwakheka ngomzuzu kuze kube amamitha 600 sentambo. Eminye idinga nhlobo machining ngaphandle kuphela basonta ekukhiqizeni imicu mkhulu.

Njengoba Umbala? Ezimweni eziningi, udayi yethulwa ngesikhathi esiteji ekukhiqizeni, ukuze ukulimaza kakade bobbin ngentambo luhlaza oyifunayo. kakade Sithe fiber acetate kabi kakhulu ingcoliswe amathuluzi ejwayelekile, ngakho manje-90% izindwangu zenziwa kusukela lokuluhlaza eyenziwe ukuphotha Izingxube nge izimfanelo oyifunayo.

Esikhathini sethu, sidale zezinhlobo udayi ekhethekile ziyasakaza. Bavumela ukuba uthole indwangu nje emibala, futhi yobuciko sangempela emangalisayo umbala enhlobonhlobo. Ethonya adalwe yokuthi upende asisho anamathele ebusweni kwayo, njengoba nje kunjalo nangabantu okufanayo viscose indwangu, futhi kuyingxenye.

Uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa imibala white, okuholela indwangu kuyinto cishe nasici umbala ezimhlophe. Njengoba fibre acetate linamandla kakhulu UV imisebe futhi kulula kakhulu ukugeza, ukuthi ukuhlala phakade ngendwangu izikhathi eziningi njengengcebo enkulu kunemicebo sibalo ngoba ukotini noma izindwangu zemvelo.

Kanjani ekubunjweni

Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa emsebenzini wokukhiqiza die kokuba izimbobo 200. Uma wathola okuhleliwe ngentambo twist ku Imicu yotshani obukhulu noma izindophi, ingxube waphasiswa ngokusebenzisa lidayizi crimped enezindonga lukathayela. Uma sikhuluma okuyinhloko acetate endwangwini, ukukhiqizwa yabo akahlukile ukuthi kuchazwe yithi ngenhla inqubo.

Isici ukuthi kwayo ngabanye elikhiphe kusuka kudivayisi ukuphotha ke babuthelwa isixha okuyinto ngokushesha uthathe izingcezu obuphelele oyifunayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuyisisekelo Imicu yotshani zingenziwa ngesimo kudabuke okuyizinto ngemuva kwalokhu futhi Imi ku izingcezu oyifunayo obuphelele.

izakhiwo eziyisisekelo le micu

Yiziphi izindawo eziyisisekelo cellulose acetate zesivikelo sesifuba? I ukushuba we sesigcilikisha ekhiqizwa ngabe yikuphi esiphakathi 11.1 Tex x25 X 25 16,7 Tex (№ 90/25 60/25). Uma iqhathaniswa nezinhloko-imicu viscose ukushuba ofanayo, bese amandla acetate lokuluhlaza Kuthi aphansi (ngo-10-12%). Kodwa! Uma indwangu uthola ezimanzi (yebo, hygroscopicity efanayo 3.5%), izici amandla ziyancipha ngokushesha 40-45!

Ukuphikelela (breaking ukunwebeka) imayelana 27%, kodwa ukunwebeka kakhulu nokunwebeka idlula ukuthi okukhulunywa ngayo ngokuphindaphindiwe emiBhalweni ngenhla viscose izindwangu. Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu "acetates" kabi kakhulu rumpled, futhi izinto isikhathi eside bheka ephelele.

inguqulo ethuthukisiwe

Konke lokhu kungaba uthinte umfundi unake bakholwe ukuthi indwangu yalolu hlobo amaphutha amaningi kakhulu. Lesi sitatimende kuyinto ngempela kuyiqiniso ngoba esidlule yamuva, kodwa namuhla, lapho ukukhiqizwa yayo cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi esetshenziswa abakhi ukuthi Awunawo umphumela chemical phezu fibre cellulose acetate. Ifomula Kulokhu simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: [C6H7O2 (OH) 3-x (OCOCH3) x].

Ngaphezu kwalokho, namuhla ziya ziba mandla ekusebenziseni okubhekiswe ukwelashwa ukushisa uyaca ukuphotha: amangqamuzana aqala ukwakha isakhiwo ngaphezulu ngaphambilini. Ngenxa yalokho, le ndwangu acetate luqine kakhulu futhi ayisekho babesaba kangaka ukushisa okukhulu.

Kuze kube manje, ezifana ngazo fibre "Aloni", esikhiqiza uhlobo Indwangu okuyisisekelo. Kuyinto enamandla kakhulu futhi nokunwebeka, has a ukuqina okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye eyigeza. Empirically kuye kwatholakala ukuthi inani elincane aluminium pyrophosphate ukungezwa mass ukuphotha, kuvumela ukuthola fibre acetate, ukusetshenziswa okuyinto engenzeka kunoma yimuphi umkhakha lapho kunengozi ukuthungela (amakhethini yeshashalazi, isibonelo).