Real futhi okuzisholo GDP

Ngaphansi omkhiqizo (GDP, we GNP) elivame ukuqondwa ngayo njengoba inani lemakethe yazo zonke izimpahla namasevisi zavezwa phakathi kwesikhathi cwaningo endaweni yiliphi izwe ngenjongo ukusetshenziswa, ukonga kanye nokuthengiswa, kungakhathalekile ubunikazi izici esetshenziswa zokukhiqiza. Ngokuvamile, lapho basho-GDP, engqondweni umsebenzi zomnotho kuleli zwe, ngoba lesi sibalo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba bahlole sezingeni ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kanye nesimo yayo. GDP Okuzisholo kukalwa lwemali yezwe okuyiwona ibalwa, kodwa, uma ulwazi le nkomba unika IMF, iBhange Lomhlaba noma iyiphi enye inhlangano supranational, lubonakaliswa aseMelika.

GDP - inkomba eyinhloko qhathanisa iminotho ezahlukene. Anakho nethonya elinamandla lwemali amazinga, isitokwe indices, umgomo wezimali bezingelwa amabhange amakhulu kanye nohulumeni.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-izinkomba: GDP okuzisholo futhi GDP yangempela. Eyokuqala yalezi ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi eliphelele. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi izinkomba ezimbili kubonakala eqinisweni lokuthi okuzisholo GDP - inkomba, okuyinto ichazwa amanani amanje nawesikhathi GDP yangempela - e base unyaka amanani, okusho ikhumbula izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali esikhathini lokukhokhisa inikezwe. Yini ebaluleke, kokubili ingxenye yokuqala neyesibili. Ekuqaleni, ngesisekelo izibalo kunqunywa GDP bokuzisholo. Ungasebenzisa eyodwa yezindlela ezintathu:

• Ukukhiqizwa indlela (i valovovoy value added).
• GDP ngu nezindleko.
• GDP imali.

Uma usebenzisa indlela zokukhiqiza sihlanganiswe lonke okwedlulele ukubaluleka kungezwe ezivezwa ebhizinisini ngalinye, eziqinile futhi omunye wanoma iyiphi iyunithi kwezomnotho endaweni ezweni elithile. Kulokhu, ngesilinganiso ukusetshenziswa siqedwa Lesisemkhatsini (izinto zokusetshenziswa, njll) futhi ngenxa yalokho abanakho ukuhlanekezela nokubala double yi.

Incazelo GDP usebenzisa kwemali kanye akubangi izinkinga. Kule ndlela, umane ngokufingqiwe ezithile izindleko: nokuthengiswa net, umthengi imali izakhamuzi zezwe, izindleko zikahulumeni kanye utshalomali okwedlulele.

Ukuze imali lesi sibalo kunqunywa ngendlela efanayo. Kuphela ngale uma kufakwe imali ezithile nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomnotho live ngamunye. Lokhu imiholo yabasebenzi ezikhokhelwayo, inzalo enkulu futhi inzalo enkulu, izintela inetha ukukhiqizwa futhi ukungena.

Umuntu wokuqala abanquma bahlanganyele ukubaluleka nokuhlolwa umkhiqizo wezwe, baba Simon Kuznets. Lokhu Economist American isinqumo kule-yalolucwaningo 30 XX leminyaka ukuqonda okwenzekayo emnothweni wezwe lakhe. Ngaleso sikhathi, Melika wayebhekene izinkinga ezinkulu kubangelwa Okukhulu Kwezomnotho. Njengoba isikhathi ukubala phakathi 1929 wakhethwa njengosuku unyaka 1935. Esikhathini sethu, lokhu Inkomba ibalwa futhi ishicilelwe isheshe. Emazweni athuthukile, inani owandulelayo GDP livela abezindaba ngisho nangaphambi komnikazi yayizoqeda ikota. E-US, idatha lokuqala eze ngesonto ngaphambi kokuphela ngekota.

Ngokwe-IMF, ngo-2011 umholi wezwe ngokoMthetho Bbb kuyinto kufanele USA. umkhiqizo wezwe imayelana 15 izindodla zezimali. Kube sekulandela eChina ngenhloso sibalo 11,316 izindodla zezimali nesizotha more. Futhi indawo yesithathu kuhlala India - 4,47 izindodla zezimali. Ukuze uqhathanise, thatha ukubaluleka wabikezela womkhiqizo okhandwe Russian. Ngokusho uhulumeni waseRussia, ngo-2013, i-GDP kulindeleke ukuba ruble 66,515 trillion. Uma ukubala ngesilinganiso ruble 31 dollar ngalinye, kuzoba cishe 2,146 izindodla zezimali. Engumakhelwane Ukraine, inani umhlahlo we-GDP i-2013, wabeka phansi uhlaka lwesabelomali lizwe sika 1576 bhiliyoni USD. Ngesikhathi isikhulu exchange rate ngo-December 5, 2012 7.99 USD dollar ngalinye, angaba ngu-0.197 izindodla zezimali.