Psycho-Pedagogical ngezigaba yokukhuluma iziyaluyalu

It has ukubaluleka ukhiye kwetinhlavu imisebenzi ephakeme isimiso sezinzwa ingane. It ukhonza njengelungu wokuxhumana nabantu abadala, usekhonza njengomshumayeli wesikhathi base sokuthuthukiswa ukucabanga. It ivumela isiqondiso nokuhlela yokuziphatha, impilo yengqondo lenhlangano ingane. Kuthinta kumiswa yonke umuntu.

Konke lokhu kwenza kube khona isidingo nasezigabeni zokuqala zentuthuko ukuhlonza inkulumo-kahle. , предложенная ведущими специалистами, позволяет обнаружить сбои в формировании высших функций и своевременно предпринять необходимые меры. Ukwahlukanisa inkulumo neziyaluyalu, ehlongozwayo ngu ochwepheshe, ungakwazi ukubona amaphutha kumiswa imisebenzi ephakeme futhi lithathe izinyathelo zokulungisa ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi.

Ukuhlobana umbuzo

направлены на систематизацию аномалий, встречающихся практически у каждого ребенка с разными отклонениями в развитии. ngezigaba Modern yokukhuluma iziyaluyalu ahloselwe systematization ka anomalies okwenzeka cishe njalo ingane abanokukhubazeka ezahlukene zentuthuko. Ezinye zazo zihlobene ngokuqondile inqubo pronunciation. Lezi anomalies avele ukunciphisa intelligibility yokukhuluma futhi kungukuthi ephelezelwa iziyaluyalu ezengeziwe.

Okunye ngeziphambeko zihlobene isici lwemisindvo kolimi. Basuke uzwakalise hhayi kuphela izici pronunciation, kodwa futhi ukuntuleka kahle amazwi umsindo kwengoma. Lokhu, luhambisana nomthwalo ukwephulwa yokufunda nokubhala.

Isigaba sesithathu sihlanganisa anomalies zokuxhumana ukuphambuka. Zakha izithiyo yokufunda wengane esikoleni futhi kuvimbele lithathelwe nomphakathi. Izingane ezine-ukungakhuli inkulumo awabonakali basonta uhlobo olukhethekile. Baye agcinwayo intelligence ukuzwa. Kodwa ngeziphambeko ekhona abe nomthelela omubi nezinye izici psyche.

ngezigaba Basic yokukhuluma iziyaluyalu

Namuhla, bonke ngeziphambeko kuthiwa systematized ngezindlela ezimbili. . Eyokuqala emitholampilo kwakhiwa ngezigaba Pedagogical yokukhuluma iziyaluyalu. Kuhlanganisa amasede amabili ngeziphambeko. Okokuqala esungulwe iziyaluyalu temlomo, kanti eyesibili - ukubhala. La maqembu, esikhundleni salokho, zihlukaniswe subgroups.

Eyesibili ngezigaba - ezingokwengqondo Pedagogical. Khona kanye ukubukeka kwawo kungenxa isidingo ngokubambisana. Ukuze kokwelashwa imiphumela oseqenjini kwadingeka bathole amaphethini jikelele yokukhuluma ukukhubazeka ukubonakaliswa ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene anomalies.

Iqembu kwezinso ngomlomo

выработана, главным образом, по отношению к первичным аномалиям. ngezigaba Clinical yokukhuluma thuthuva ithuthukiswe ikakhulukazi mayelana anomalies eyinhloko. kwezinso Oral zihlukaniswe zibe:

1. Ecasulwe bangaphandle (phonational) proiznositelnoj imvume ohlangothini.
2. Okungaphakathi (kwesakhiwo-semantic) uhlelo noma ukwehluleka polymorphic.

ngeziphambeko Phonational ziyehluka okuncike isixhumanisi okuyinto wamshaya. Lokhu kungaba phonation, izitatimende temporitmicheskaya inhlangano, buviyoviyo, izakhi namanothi zvukoproiznositelny. Zonke iziyaluyalu kungatholakala ekuhlanganisweni noma atihambi todvwa.

Aphonia / dysphonia

выделяет несколько видов аномалий. Ukwahlukanisa inkulumo iziyaluyalu lukhombisa izinhlobo eziningana anomalies. Njengoba omunye wabo eziphatha kuphazamiseka noma ukungabi phonation ngenxa yezinguquko zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo apharathasi vocal. Lokhu anomaly sivezwe noma ukungabi phonation (aphonia), noma ukuphakama ukubakhulumela, ithoni kanye namandla izwi (dysphonia).

ukuphambuka okunjalo kubangelwa obusebenzayo organic phonation indlela iziyaluyalu ubunjalo emaphakathi noma neuropathy. Kungenzeka kunoma yisiphi isigaba ekukhuleni kwengane. ukuhlukumeza okunjalo kungenzeka kuphela noma lihambisana nezinye izifo.

Bradilaliya

Kuyinto izinga inkulumo ngokungavamile kancane. Kuyinto efanayo nelithi igama elithi "bradifraziya". Bradilaliya obonakaliswe ukuhambisana kancane. Sibangelwa abahluphayo izikhungo inkulumo zobuchopho. Ngokwemvelo bradilaliya kungenzeka obusebenzayo noma organic.

tachylogia

Lokhu okuphambene bradilalii ukuphambuka. Lubonakaliswa izinga ngokungavamile yashesha yokukhuluma. Tachyphasia ingase futhi ibe organic noma sokusebenza. Kuhambisana enkulumweni kancane kuba ductile welulela, okuyisidina, evilaphayo, nge okusheshayo - okusheshayo, washesha, qina.

Tachyphasia kungase kuhambisane agrammatisms. imihlola ezinjalo, kwezinye izimo ukwaba anomaly njengochwepheshe abazimele: a asebenzisa, battarizm. Ukwahlukanisa inkulumo iziyaluyalu futhi tachylogia bradilaliyu esihlanganisa ngaphansi igama ezivamile - izinga ngalesi sifo. Bona kuhilelani nemiphumela ehlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona buviyoviyo anomaly bushelelezi, izingoma futhi bayaxoxa, isigqi yokukhuluma.

amalimi

It kungukuphula temporitmicheskogo isici enkulumweni. Namalimi ibangwa imisipha isimo convulsive ukuhambisana izitho. Lesi sifo sibangelwa emaphakathi, mhlawumbe ubunjalo organic noma sokusebenza. Ngokuvamile, ukugeleza kwenzeka inqubo yentuthuko nokukhulunywa kwathatha isethulo Umusho. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso yokusabela ngokucijile ezimbi ngokomzwelo wengane ezinye umfutho kwangaphandle.

Namalimi kunomthelela yokuntuleka ukuzinza CNS, kwezinye izimo ngenxa organic izilonda ingqondo. Ukwephulwa temporitmicheskogo izici inkulumo ezihlobene nokusebenzelana nokuquleka izingxenye ezahlukene idivayisi neuropathy - ukuhambisana, ukuphefumula, izwi.

dyslalia

It kungukuphula yokubiza imisindo innervation apharathasi evamile yokukhuluma nokuzwa. Dyslalia uboniswe okungalungile lwemisindvo (umsindo) design amazwi. Ikakhulu, i-ingane siphendukezela umsindo wezwi uhlanganise nabo noma esikhundleni komunye nomunye. Ukusuka kungaba ngenxa ukwakheka ayilungile noma akuphelele base articulatory.

предусматривает разграничение дислалии на функциональную и механическую. Ukwahlukanisa inkulumo iziyaluyalu ihlinzeka dyslalia umehluko ku tekusebentisa lokukhanda. Lesi sakamuva lihlotshaniswa kwezinso ezicacile zomzimba ukuhambisana kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. dyslalia Functional kubangelwa kwezimo ezingezinhle yentuthuko yokukhuluma noma ukwephula ukuzwa kwemisindvo.

rhinolalia

Lokhu ukuphambuka kungenxa ukuhlukumeza yokubiza imisindo ngamazwi nezwi. Sibangelwa iziyaluyalu yokwakheka bokuphila. Rhinolalia obonakaliswe ushintsho timbre kanye pronunciation uhlanekezelwe ngenxa ukuphazamiseka phonation evamile iqhaza ingaphakathi acinene. Ngalo mhlatshelo, njengoba ngomlomo, sidlule ukusakaza emoyeni. Umsindo uba acinene kakhulu. It ngokuvamile monotonic futhi ngokulambisa akucace. Leli fomu ngokuthi i rhinolalia evulekile.

Kuvaliwe uhlobo kuka okubangelwa ukungakhuli evamile acinene patency e adenoids, izimila, a septum hlanhlatha ezingamahlalakhona imvelo ukuvuvukala. Kulokhu, lo ahlukaniswe ingxenye noma ukunqanyulwa ngokuphelele inqubo kumiswa izwi. It ilahlekelwa ezinye olwalusikisela, iqala ukuzwakala ingezwakali. Acinene "n", "m" uzwakale ukuhlanekezela.

ataxiophemia

Lokhu kungukuphula pronunciation isici enkulumweni. Sibangelwa esingamahlalakhona organic kule innervation zedivayisi. Lapho dysarthria waphawula izingxenye unformed ka mshini yokubiza imisindo. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho artikulyatsonno ukukhubazeka ifonotiki nezwi. Ngo iziyaluyalu ezinzima ohlangothini zvukoproiznositelnaya engekho nhlobo. isimo esinjalo ubizwa ngokuthi anarthria.

ukukhubazeka Ezintsha zenzeka ikakhulukazi articulatory iziyaluyalu ifonotiki. Kulokhu, lesi simo ngokuthi kusulwe uhlobo dysarthria. Kulokhu, kufanele zihlukaniswa kusukela dyslalia. Ukwehlukanisa iziyaluyalu angakhiqiza kuphela onguchwepheshe. Dysarthria kwenzeka ngenxa CNS ngoba i-cerebral palsy. Nokho, kungaba avele kunoma yisiphi isigaba ukuthuthukiswa ngenxa neuroinfection noma ezinye kwezinso ingqondo.

Alalia

связанных со структурно-семантическим оформлением, представлена двумя типами аномалий. Ukwahlukanisa inkulumo iziyaluyalu elihlobene ne umklamo kanye semantic, imelelwa ezimbili izinhlobo anomalies. Eyokuqala Alalia. Kuyinto ukungabi noma nokungathuthuki yokukhuluma. Sibangelwa esimweni kokunqotshwa izindawo ezifanele we- cortex cerebral e utero noma usaqala yentuthuko. Lokhu kungapheleli ubhekwa enye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu. Yena siphendukezela ukukhethwa imisebenzi nezinhlelo kuzo zonke izigaba bezibona nokukhiqizwa yokukhuluma, evimbela kumiswa isimiso solimi izindlela. inkulumo-Operations Management kahle. Lokhu kubonakala ukudlala umsindo kanye nohlamvu indlela akheke ngayo amagama.

Alalia elivela umonakalo yokukhuluma izingxenye ama- ubuchopho (isikhungo Wernicke futhi Broca sika). Ngakho isehlane sezinzwa kanye motor okungavamile. Kulo mBhalo, nekuvisisa inkhulumo ebhekene ingane kakhulu walondoloza, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kakhulu ebucayini ikhono nokuzala amazwi. Thinta Alalia ephelezelwa ukuphazamiseka bezibona amazwi abanye.

имеет особое значение в ситуациях, когда необходимо дифференцировать первичные дефекты от вторичных. Ukwahlukanisa inkulumo iziyaluyalu therapy yokukhuluma ibaluleke ngokukhethekile ezimweni lapho kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa oluyinhloko kusuka ukukhubazeka yesibili. Ikakhulukazi, kumayelana Alalia. Ngokuvamile, kuba nokukhononda eyinkimbinkimbi owakheka kunenkinga umehluko ke kusukela zokukhuluma iziyaluyalu ku isizinda ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa futhi retardation engqondo.

aphasia

Lokhu kungapheleli kuyinto ukulahlekelwa esinqunyiwe noma ephelele kwenkulumo ngaphambilini kwakhiwa. Aphasia kubangelwa izilonda cerebral wendawo. Kungenzeka isifo senhliziyo, ukuvuvukala, kuhlasimulise okulimala ebuchosheni. Ngokuvamile-ke kubhekwa ukwephulwa of aphasia, uma kuphakama sifikile engu-3. Lokhu anomaly ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana.

Psycho-Pedagogical ngezigaba yokukhuluma iziyaluyalu

Isebenzisa criteria ezahlukene. Ngenxa izici advocate ngokwengqondo namalimi wemiphakathi ukhiye. Phakathi kwabo ziyabhekelelwa yezingxenye kwesakhiwo kohlelo (uhlelo lolimi, eyimfanelo umsindo, uhlu lwamagama), isilinganiso imisebenzi (wetemlomo), kanye ohlangothini sokusebenza.

включает в себя две группы расстройств. ngezigaba Psycho-Pedagogical yokukhuluma iziyaluyalu kuhlanganisa iziyaluyalu amaqembu amabili. Eyokuqala ezihlobene ukuphambuka kwetinhlavu izindlela zokuxhumana, kwesibili - zinokukhubazeka kwisicelo sabo. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

ifomu Ecasulwe zokuxhumana

Ukwahlukanisa inkulumo iziyaluyalu izingane kuhlanganisa namaqembu amabili anomalies:

• Ifonetiki-lwemisindvo hypoplasia. Kuyinto ukuphazamiseka uhlelo kumiswa articulatory ngokuqondene bezibona isici nokukhiqizwa phonemes.
• hypoplasia obuphelele. Kuhlanganisa ezihlukahlukene kwezinso eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lezi anomalies kubangele ukuhlukumeza kwetinhlavu zonke izingxenye system ezihlobene umqondo nomsindo kwenkulumo.

Esikhathini iqeqebana yesibili secrete izici eziningana ezivamile. Lezi zihlanganisa:

1. Agrammatism.
2. silulumagama Lean.
3. Kamuva ekuqaleni ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano inkulumo.
4. Kwekhono imphimiso fonemoobrazovaniya.

EPD sivezwe ukuba ngamazinga ahlukene. Kungaba ukungabakhathaleli nhlobo yokukhuluma, lepetnoe isimo sakhe noma usinwebise khona, kodwa izakhi nokungathuthuki lucebe futhi yolimi nendlela kwemisindvo.

Ukungasebenzi kahle izindlela zokuxhumana isicelo

относит заикание. Lesi sigaba ngezigaba zemfundo yokukhuluma iziyaluyalu libhekisela amalimi. It ibhekwa njengevela ukuphazamiseka umsebenzi kuchumana ne izindlela eyakheke kahle yokuxhumana. Ngo umkhuba kungase sitholakale kuhlanganiswe kahle. Kulokhu, ephelezelwa inkulumo jikelele abangingiziswa hypoplasia.

amazinga OHP

Udokotela wengqondo R. E. Levina ihlukanisa amazinga amathathu iziyaluyalu:

• Ngesikhathi amanothi yokuqala noma ukungabi cishe ngokuphelele ephelele wokuxhumana kule minyaka 5-6, lapho kumiswa ingane ngaphandle inkulumo zokugula iyonke. ukwethula umsindo onomatopoeic noma izakhiwo e silulumagama. Avame kube engaqondakali kwabanye futhi ahambisana ukuthintwa.
• On ezingeni lesibili lapho zivamile, kodwa amagama ambalwa ezixutshiwe. It is kuhlelwe ukuhlukanisa umehluko amafomu nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Lokhu kuveza ukusalela emuva abalulekile izici pronunciation ngokuziqhathanisa nontanga yabo.
• On ezingeni lesithathu kukhona Umusho zenzeka ke oluxube nokungathuthuki ifonotiki kanye lwemisindvo kanye lucebe futhi nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Ukuxhumana nabanye Kwenziwa kuphela ngosizo omdala.

Ukwahlukanisa inkulumo iziyaluyalu kuhilela ukwabiweni Izinga lesine. It libhekene iziyaluyalu ukukhanya lucebe futhi lwetakhi telulwimi ezenza kube nzima ukuze balukhulume ukubhala esikoleni sabaqalayo.