Ukungasebenzi okuqonda kanye nezinhlobo zazo: ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa

Umzimba womuntu uyinhlanganisela emangalisayo yezinhlobo eziningi, izicubu, imisebenzi, ukuphikisana kwamakhemikhali, imishanguzo kagesi evumela umuntu ukuba aphile, afunde futhi aqonde izwe elikuzungezile. Ukuhlonishwa kwenzeka ngezindlela ezithinta izinzwa zomuntu - ukukhanya, umsindo, ukunambitheka, iphunga, ukucabangela kanye nokuqonda kwendawo. Konke lokhu kuyisisekelo solwazi nokukhona komuntu emhlabeni omzungezile. Futhi ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, noma yikuphi okwakungakho nokuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani, kuyinkinga enkulu.

Umbono: iqiniso kanye nomcabango

Ukuthi umuntu angabona izwe elikuzungezile, kuhilela izinzwa nokucabanga. Ulwazi olutholakala ngosizo lokubona, ukuzwa, ukunambitheka, ithonya elinamandla, iphunga nokuzimisela kwesimo somzimba esikhaleni, kusetshenziselwa iminyango ekhethekile yobuchopho futhi, ngosizo lwengqondo kanye nesipiliyoni esidlule, kube yizimemezelo ngezwe elizungezile. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwenye indawo akuvumeli umuntu ukuba athole isithombe esiphelele.

Ekude naseduze

Ukuphazamiseka kokuzwa nokuqonda kwedatha etholakele kuhlobene kakhulu. Abamukeli abathola ulwazi mayelana neqiniso elizungezile badlulisela impikiswano yobuchopho ebuchosheni, lapho kuhlaziywa khona, ukucubungula ulwazi olutholakali kanye nempendulo kwenzeka ngesimo senhloso noma into echaphazela ama-receptors. Futhi lo mphumela, ezinye ze-receptors kufanele zitholakale ngokuxhumana ngokuqondile nento, kanti ezinye-ngokusebenzisa isikhala. Ngakho, isibonelo, ukunambitha ukuzwa kuvela lapho ukudla kungena emlonyeni womlomo nangolwimi. Kodwa amehlo akuvumela ukuba ubone izinto kude. Ukubonwa kolwazi olutholiwe ngokusebenzisa izitho ezinhlobonhlobo zezinzwa kanye nama-receptors kuyindlela enkulu yokwazi umhlaba ngomuntu. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi yemvelo nengokwengqondo.

Izitho ze-Sense nama-receptors

Ngaphezu kwabo bonke abaziwa kusukela ebhentshini yesikole izinzwa eziyisithupha, umzimba womuntu ubona ukucasuka okuningi. Ngakho-ke, kukhona izimpendulo ezibhekene nokubona ukushisa - ukubandayo, ubuhlungu, kanye nokuzwa komzimba womuntu. Ngakho isayensi inikezwe hhayi eziyisithupha, kodwa izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zokuzwa:

• Ukubuka;
• Ukuzwa;
• Ukuzwa iphunga;
• Thinta;
• I-Equibrioception - umqondo wokulinganisela;
• Ukudla;
• Ukukhohlwa - ukuqonda ubuhlungu;
• Thermotherapy - umuzwa wokufudumala;
• Ukuzizwa kuyisimo somzimba womzimba womuntu.

Ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nezwe elizungezile ngosizo lwe-receptors ehlukahlukene, ubuchopho bubafaka emibonweni yeqiniso elizungezile.

Imibono nemikhuba yezokwelapha

Uma kukhona ukwephulwa emzimbeni womuntu, kungase kube nenkinga enkulu - isifo sengqondo. I-Psychiatry njengensima yesayensi yezokwelapha ihlola lezi zinkinga futhi isiza ukuyilungisa ngangokunokwenzeka. Odokotela-izifo zengqondo bebelokhu befunda ukukhathazeka kokuqonda iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, bengasizi kuphela iziguli ngokwabo, kodwa futhi nabantu ababazungezile, ukuba bahlale nezinkinga ezinjalo. Ukuphulwa komsebenzi wezinzwa ezilodwa noma eziningana akuyona neze isifo sokuhlaziywa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezwe elizungezile. Umuntu olahlekelwe amehlo, uyazi ukuthi yini izinto nemibala kubonakala sengathi iyinyani futhi, ngosizo lomsebenzi wezinye izinzwa, angabonisa isithombe sangempela sezwe elizungezile. Ekuzileni kwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo yokubona kuyinkimbinkimbi enkulu yezinkinga ezibangelwa yizinkinga emsebenzini we-receptors njengenguquko ekusetshenzisweni kolwazi olutholiwe kanye nomphumela wokugcina.

Ukukhathazeka kokubona kubonakala kanjani?

Insimu yokugula kwengqondo iyinkimbinkimbi ekhethekile yemithi ehlola izifo ezihlukahlukene ze-psyche kanye nokubonakaliswa kwazo. Lokhu kuyindawo ekhethekile kakhulu yolwazi lomuntu, olusebenza ngemibono ye "izifo", "impilo", "evamile" kanye ne "pathology" ngokuphathelene nesimo sengqondo. Enye yezindawo zomsebenzi wesifo sezifo zengqondo kuyinkinga yokubona. I-Psychiatry ibheka izinkinga ezifanayo njengezifo zempilo yengqondo. Ukuphazamiseka kwezinzwa nokubona kubonakala yizibalo eziningana:

• I-anesthesia ibonakala ngokuhluleka ukubona izinzwa zokuthinta, ukunambitheka nokuhogela. Ekubonakalweni kwayo kufana ne-anesthesia yezokwelashwa, okubangelwa ukukhubaza ukuzwela kwezinkinga zokuthola ubuhlungu ezigulini ngesikhathi sokungenelela kwezokwelapha.
• I-Hyperesthesia yinkinga yokuzwela ebangelwa ukwanda okubonakalayo kwephunga, ukukhanya nokuzwakala. Ngokuvamile, i-hyperesthesia ibonakala ezigulini eziye zabhekana nokuhlukunyezwa kwe-craniocerebral.
• I-Hypostezia - ukuguqulwa kwe-hyperesthesia kuyishintsho ekuzweleni. Umbono onokwethenjelwa unciphisa izenzo zemvelo. Lumela iziguli ze-hyposthenic ezinezinkinga zokucindezeleka, lapho umhlaba ubonakala ungathandeki, ugoqa.
• I-Paresthesias iboniswa ngokuzwa, ukuvutha, ukulinganisa, "i-goosebumps" ebangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwegazi nokungahambi kahle. Ngokuvamile, i-paresthesia ivela ezindaweni Zakharyin-Ged: izinkinga zezingaphakathi zangaphakathi zizibonakalisa ngokwazo ngendlela ejabulisayo, ezwayo ebuhlungu ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba womuntu.
• I-senestropathy - izinzwa ezingathandeki ezivela emzimbeni womuntu, kunzima ukuchaza ngamazwi, ngokuvamile isiguli sisisebenzisa izithombe eziqhathanisa ngokucacile ukuze zitshele ngale mizwa.

Imizwa "engalungile" ngezinye izikhathi ihambisana nokubonakaliswa kwemithi yesifo, hhayi kuphela emisebenzini yesifo sengqondo. Ukuxilongwa ngokufanele kwesifo noma isimo yisisekelo sokwelashwa kwekhwalithi.

Ukukhathazeka okuyisisekelo okuyisisekelo

I-Psychiatry njengendawo yemithi yokwelapha isebenza ngemibono yendlela, ukuxilongwa, ukwelashwa nokuvimbela. Ukuthola ukuxilongwa kuyadingeka ukuba wazi ngokucacile ukubonakaliswa kwesifo, ukuhlaziywa kwemitholampilo, umlando, izifundo zokubhubhisa kanye nezinsimbi ezisiza kulokhu. Isigaba sesahlulelo sivumela ukuthi sihumushe kahle idatha etholakalayo ukuze sinikeze ukuxilongwa okwanele. Ukuthola izinkinga ezithile zempilo yengqondo ekukhuleni kwengqondo, kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zesifo sokubona:

• I-illusions;
• Ama-hallucinations.

Zombili imibono idala imizwelo emibi kakhulu kubantu abaningi, kodwa isiguli yena akanayo amandla phezu kwabo, nakuba ezimweni eziningi izimpikiswano ezinjalo zibangelwa izimo umuntu aziqhubela wona, isibonelo, izidakamizwa noma utshwala obunobuthi. Ezinye izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka kokuqonda zingenzeka kubantu abaphilile ngokwengqondo ngokwengqondo.

Isibungu esibhakabhaka seWonderland

"Yini oyibonayo, kodwa lokho akuyona ngempela" - nansi, ukucabangela. Izinkinga ekuboneni iqiniso njengoba libonakala ngempela ngokubonakala kwezithombe ezingamanga-zangempela. I-Psychiatry, ukutadisha ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukucubungula okuchaza ngokuthi isithombe esivela engqondweni futhi kuchazwa ukuthi sikhona ngempela, kodwa ngaphandle kwesimo sokungaphandle esithinta abantu abamukelayo. Lezi zithombe zivela kusukela ekuqaleni, uma ungasho kanjalo, ngenxa yesifo sengqondo. Ama-hallucinations ngabagula ngengqondo ahlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana:

• Ukuhlelwa kweqiniso kuyizithombe ezikhanyayo, ngoba isiguli esinamafomu athile, umbala, iphunga, ukuveza imisindo ethile. Ukuhlolisiswa kweqiniso kuboniswa yisiguli njengembonakaliso yangempela ngezingqondo zakhe, uzama ukuzisebenzisa, njengokungathi izenzakalo noma izinto ezibonakalayo zikhona empeleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kwesiguli esibhekene nokuhlelwa kweqiniso, bonke abantu abazungezile kufanele bababone njengabo.
• Ama-pseudohallucinations aqondwa yisiguli njengento engeyona engokwemvelo, kodwa ekhona ngempela, engenayo ukukhanya, evame ukuphazamiseka, ingavela emzimbeni wesiguli ngokwakhe noma ezindaweni ezingahambisani nama-receptors akhe. Ngokuvamile, ukukhohliswa kwamanga kubhekwa njengesiguli esitshala imali emzimbeni wakhe ngosizo lwamadivaysi akhethekile, izixhobo, imishini noma ngenxa yethonya lomoya.

Ukwengeza kulezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlelwa kwezingcingo nazo zihlukaniswa kulezo zitho ezingqondweni ezingabangela zona:

• Visceral;
• Ukuvutha;
• Ukubukwa;
• Okucacile;
• I-Auditory;
• I-Tactile.

Ngalunye uhlobo olunjalo lwe-hallucination lunezincazelo zalo zesayensi futhi lungahlukaniswa zibe ezincane ze-subspecies, okubalulekile emitholampilo yezokwelapha.

Ngendlela, ukucabangela kungaphefumlelwa futhi kubangelwe. Enye yezindlela zokugula kwengqondo isebenzisa uphawu lwe-Aschaffenburg, lapho isiguli sinikezwa ukulalela ifoni esinqanyuliwe ngaphambili, ngakho-ke sihlola ukulungela kwakhe ukucubungula okucwaninga. Noma isibonakaliso seReichardt yisimpawu seqabunga elihlanzekile: isiguli sinikezwa iphepha elimhlophe elimhlophe futhi licelwa ukuba lisitshele lokho okuvezwe kuso. Ama-hallucinations nawo angasebenza, avela ngemuva kokucasula kwamathilethi athile futhi aphele ngemva kokususwa kwe-stimulus. Ngendlela, umfanekiso wesibhakabhaka esiBlue, ukubhema i-hookah esikhwameni se-mushroom, kusukela emlandweni we-Lewis Carroll "Alice eWonderland" uthathwa abaningi njenge-hallucination yakudala.

Inkolelo enjalo enhle

Ezingqondweni, kunenye uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo - ukucabanga. Lo mqondo ujwayele wonke umuntu, ngisho nalabo abangenayo izifo zokucabanga zengqondo. Abantu bavame ukusebenzisa inkulumo ethi "inkolelo enhle, inkolelo enhle." Ngabe kunjalo? Incazelo yezesayensi yenye yezinhlobo zokubona ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo izwakala njengokungalungile, umbono ongalungile wezinto ezikhona empeleni. Ukukhohlisa imizwa yilokho okukhohlisa. Isibonelo, inkohliso ingenzeka ngezinga elingenele lokugqugquzela - ebumnyameni kulula kakhulu ukuthatha uhlaka lwesikhungo somuntu. Ngakho ukuvela kwamakhohlisi akusiyo njalo insimu yokugula kwengqondo. Izimpawu zokukhohlisa yizi:

• Into noma into ehambelana nokuhlanekezela okuqondayo: isibalo, izwi, isicacisi noma isikhala sendawo;
• Ukuphazamiseka, ukungaqondakali nokuhlola izinto zangempela;
• Inkohliso ixhomeke ekuboneni okuqondayo, okungukuthi, imitholampilo yabantu iyathinteka, kepha ibonakala kancane ngokuhlukile kunalokho ekhona;
• Inzwa yamanga njengengokoqobo.

Ukuphazamiseka kokubona okubukwayo kungenye yezinkomba eziningi zabantu abanempilo. Futhi iphutha elinjalo lingaba nomlingiswa wenyama noma womzimba. Isimo sengqondo sokuzikhohlisa ekuthandweni kwengqondo akuhlangene nalokho, ukugwedla okufanayo ehlane kuyisizathu esinengqondo, hhayi esilula, kepha sibonakaliswa yisayensi ngqo ye-physics. I-psychiatry yezokwelapha ihlola ukucabanga kwengqondo:

• Obuthakathaka, obhekene nesimo sangokwesaba noma ukukhathazeka ngokweqile ngengozi eseduze;
• Izwi, okungukuthi, amazwi, izinkolelo-amagama ngabanye noma imishwana ezwa umuntu;
• Ukuqamba amanga - imibono ebonakalayo, ebonakala ngasemuva wesithombe sangempela ngokucabanga izithombe, isibonelo, ukudweba iphepha lodonga kungaba yinto engafaniyo yokuqukethwe kwesabekayo kwesithombe; Ngokuvamile ukucabanga okunjalo kubonakala kubuntu bokudala, isibonelo, ososayensi baye basungula ukuthi uLeonardo da Vinci wahlupheka nge-pareidos.

Isisekelo sezinkolelo ukuphazamiseka kwemibono nemibono mayelana nezwe elizungezile. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zemvelo. Ngokuvamile zibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kokubheka ngemuva kokuhlolwa okungalungile komsebenzi we-receptors.

Ukucabangela nokukhumbula inkinga yokuqonda

Yini ehlukanisa umuntu onengqondo kusuka kuzo zonke ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo? Amandla okucabanga. Ukucabanga yiyona inqubo eyinhloko yokuzicabangela ehlanganisa izwe elizungezile lomuntu libe yisithombe esinengqondo. Ukucabanga kuhlobene ngokungahambisani nokubona nememori. Zonke izinqubo ezithinta umuntu njengomuntu ozwakalayo ziguqukile, zashintsha futhi zaguqulwa ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Futhi uma nje kudingeke usebenzise amandla angokwenyama ukuze ukwanelise izidingo zakho zemvelo (ukudla, ukukhiqiza kanye nokuzilondoloza), ke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umuntu ufunde ukwakha iminyango enengqondo - ukucabanga ukuze uthole umphumela oyifunayo ngomzamo omncane ongokwenyama nokulimaza impilo yakho Futhi ukuphila. Ukulungisa imemori yombono etholakalayo yaqala ukuthuthukisa - isikhathi esifushane, isikhathi eside, kanye neminye imisebenzi yengqondo ekhethekile kubantu - ukucabanga, ikhono lokubona umbono, ukuziqaphela. I-symbiosis ye-disorder disorder nokucabanga kuyinkinga yokucindezeleka kwengqondo. Ezingqondweni, lezi ziphazamiso zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• Ukwenziwa komuntu ngokwemvelo kungabonakalisa nokuzizwa okungalungile komzimbeni wakhe, okuthiwa yi-depersonalization yengqondo, kanye nemiqondo ehlanekezelayo eyakhe "Mina" - ukuzithoba kwengqondo;
• Ukuziqhenya kubonakala ngombono ophikisiwe we-world-space-space, time, ubukhulu, amafomu eqiniso okuzungezile aqondwa yisiguli njengoba ephikisiwe, nakuba eqiniseke ngokugcwele kokubona kombono wakhe.

Ukucabanga yisici somuntu. Ukucabanga okunengqondo kuncike ekwenzeni ukuphikisana nokubona okungaqondakali. I-Psychiatry njengendawo yomuthi wezokwelapha uzama ukuthola izindlela zokuqeda ukungahambisani okubangelwa ukungaqondakali kweziguli ezingqondweni. Ezinkingeni zokubona, iziguli zibuye zibonise ukuphazamiseka kokucabanga - ukukhohliswa, imibono engathandeki noma engaphezu kwezinto eziba yinto ebalulekile yokuphila komuntu onjalo.

I-Psychiatry yisayensi eyinkimbinkimbi mayelana nokugula kwengqondo yomuntu, okufaka ukuphazamiseka kokubona, ukukhumbula, ukucabanga, neminye imisebenzi yengqondo. Futhi noma yiziphi izinkinga zengqondo yengqondo ngokuvamile zihlotshaniswa nohlu lonke lwemisebenzi yengqondo - kusukela emsebenzini wezinzwa kuya kwimemori emifushane noma yesikhathi eside.

Kungani umbono weqiniso wephulwa?

Uma ubhekene nezinkinga zesimo sengqondo, umbuzo uvela: yiziphi izimbangela zezinkinga zokubona? Kungaba yinkimbinkimbi yonke: kusuka utshwala nokudakisa udoti embusweni we-pathological of psyche womuntu. Ukugula kwengqondo kunzima ukuyihlolisisa, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuthi umuntu akakwazi ukuchaza ngokunembile imizwa yabo, izenzakalo ezenzekile noma ezenzeka kuye, futhi izigaba zokuqala zesifo azibonanga njalo kwabanye. Ukwehluleka kokubona kungathuthuka ngenxa yezifo zezingaphakathi zangaphakathi noma izinhlelo, kanye nokuphulwa kwezinqubo zokucubungula ulwazi olutholiwe, ukuhlaziya nokuthola umphumela othize. Umkhuba wezimo zengqondo okwamanje awukwazi ukucacisa ngokunembile izimbangela zokuthuthukiswa kwenkinga yokubona, ngaphandle kokudakwa, uma indlela yokugula ihlolwe ngokuqondile yi-poison. Ukuphulwa kombono weqiniso kungabangela ukuqwashisa kubantu abakuzungezile, ngoba ngokuvamile iziguli ngokwazo ziyashesha ukuphendukela kochwepheshe, hhayi ukufaka lezi zinkinga njengento ethize. Inkinga esifike ngesikhathi esibhekene nalokho okuyiqiniso kungasisiza isiguli sigweme izinkinga ezinkulu. Iqiniso eliphikisayo liyinkinga enkulu kokubili isiguli kanye nabantu abazungezile, kokubili ngengqondo nangokomzimba.

Ukucabanga kwamazingane nokuphazamiseka kokubona

Ingane wezifo zengqondo kanye psychology - okwakuvela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwenkanyezi imithi. Kids - namaphupho amakhulu nabasunguli bezinto, futhi reactivity anda kwengqondo yengane, futhi okuhlangenwe nakho ekuphileni kancane akukuniki ingane kungenzeka ulungise isikhathi uwedwa umuzwa wabo ngiyaphupha. Yingakho iziyaluyalu bezibona izingane - indilinga olukhethekile pedagogy, kwengqondo wezifo zengqondo. Visual futhi sokuzwa ukukhohlisa - kwenye yezingxenye of the ebuntwaneni wawo wonke umuntu. Ngitshelwe ebusuku indaba scary kuba a nightmare real ngomntwana, ukufihla ngaphansi kombhede noma ekamelweni. Iningi lezi zinkinga zenzeka kusihlwa, ukhathele futhi kuthinte ingane ozele. Ethusayo yezinganekwane izindaba, ikakhulukazi utshele ingane ebusuku, kungenzeka yaba isisekelo sokuthuthukisa isimo Neurotic. Ukusangana zenzeka izingane kaningi ngokumelene isizinda imvelo ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo futhi ezithathelwanayo lesi sifo ngenxa ukwanda izinga lokushisa lomzimba. Age of the ukubonakaliswa njalo iningi izifo ezinjalo - iminyaka 5-7. Ukusangana lokhu nature aphansi - izinhlansi ukubaniza ukukhanya, icacisa ngokusobala, noma izithombe kubantu, ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni ngayo ukuzwa imisindo yezingane izwakale ukumemeza, Banging, amazwi zezinyoni nezilwane. Zonke lezi imibono ziqondakala ingane njengoba inganekwane.

Izingane zabo bonke ubudala zingaba uhlushwa izimpawu sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Kulokhu, zonke ukusangana abe eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngokuvamile eliyingozi. Uzungu kuyinto ukusangana eziyinkimbinkimbi, ethwala kaningi usongo empilweni noma ngisho nokuphila ingane. Ukuze intsha izingane ezindala, kodwa 12-14, libhekene ukuthuthukiswa zokunambitha ukusangana ethintekayo, ingane iqala give up kudla lengikutsandzako ngaphambili, washintsha ubuntu bakhe nendlela enza ngayo.

Iqembu olukhethekile Paediatrics futhi Ingane Psychiatry ikhomba izingane ezinamaphutha esizalwa naso sokuhlonishwa okuqonda. Kulezi zimo, umntwana ekhula futhi ifunda isinxephezelo yokuntuleka ezinye lokujabulela kuyashesha ukuthuthukiswa kwamanye amakhono sezinzwa. Isibonelo zakudala - ingane nge azalwa naso ubuthulu kuyahluka kahle kakhulu, iso ngisho nasemininingwaneni emincane, ukuze ngonanzelelo imininingwane elincane ngokoqobo.

Umbono - ngesisekelo ulwazi oluthuthukayo lomhlaba wonke zako. Ukuze sizizwe njengendoda indoda eyayidla yimizwa eyisithupha anesithoba izinhlobonhlobo receptor. Kodwa ngaphezu emizweni, kumele kubikwe ulwazi etholakale kuzingxenye eziphathelene zobuchopho, lapho zidlule inqubo kusebenziswe futhi kuhlolwe, isithombe mazombe ngokoqobo ngesisekelo emizweni eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi nakho. Umphumela umbono - isithombe ngokoqobo. Ukwephula okungenani eyodwa isixhumanisi uchungechunge esikhiqiza izithombe zomhlaba kuholela ukuhlanekezela ngokoqobo. Psychiatry njengoba indawo imithi emtholampilo ukutadisha izimbangela, komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane, izimpawu kanye nezimpawu, nezindlela ukwelashwa kanye nokuvimbela izifo bezibona izenzakalo ngazinye kanye izingxenye izinkinga zempilo kubantu abavamile.