Physiology - kuyini? Umlando kanye izitho zomzimba eyisisekelo

Phakathi amagatsha biology imithi ekubhekaneni ekutadisheni umzimba womuntu, unendima zomzimba ekhethekile. Uyini uhlelo bokuphila, yiziphi izimiso esebenza futhi kufanele aphendule ngalokho - ososayensi abaqavile le mibuzo abaphenywe I. P. Pavlovym, P. K. Anohinym, I. M. Sechenovym. Emsebenzini wethu, sicabangela izigaba yentuthuko kanye kumiswa izitho zomzimba. Okulandelayo, sibheke ezindaweni ukutadisha izinqubo umzimba emzimbeni womuntu hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izilwane nezitshalo. Futhi ukunikeza izibonelo ukusekela ukubaluleka esisebenzayo yesayensi ye izinhlelo imisebenzi lezitho emangqamuzaneni omzimba womuntu sokuthuthukiswa imithi futhi ukulondolozwa wezempilo.

Umlando zomzimba

Omunye wabacwaningi kuqala ukufunda izici exchange of izinto kwabantu, kwaba umsunguli imithi - sikaHippocrates. udokotela oyiNgisi Harvey, owaphila ngekhulu le-17, wasungula isimiso ukuhamba kwegazi e irherho le-closed yegazi wavula kwegazi. physics Italian kanye nososayensi L. Galvani kwenziwe ucwaningo, ukuthola ubunjalo emsipheni amaza, futhi wabeka izisekelo Neurophysiology. Lokhu legatsha isayensi kamuva athuthukile ngenxa yomsebenzi M. I. Sechenova, V. M. Behtereva, P. K. Anohina. neqhaza elikhulu esivumelwaneni cwaningo kwemigudu yokuphefumula uhlelo imisebenzi babe bamakhemikhali: Lavoisier noJ uPriestley.

zomzimba indawo yemvelo eyala uhlelo

Ngokufunda ukubonakaliswa nje ukuphila amaseli, kwezitho nezicubu zomzimba, kodwa futhi wonke umzimba womuntu ngokuthi uhlelo evulekile begazi, izitho zomzimba okungumsu bajoyine kweqoqo ekhethekile - isicelo - amagatsha wezinto eziphilayo. Lezi zihlanganisa biochemistry, Cytology futhi Histology. Baphatha ukuphendula umzimba ngesikhathi yamangqamuzana, amaselula kanye nezicubu ezingeni. embriology Kulandelwe Genet ukutadisha ukukhiqizwa kabusha umsebenzi futhi ukudluliswa kwe-izakhiwo zenani elikhulu eziyifa. Futhi ekugcineni, abaluleke kakhulu ubuhlobo phakathi izitho zomzimba kanye anatomy, ngaphandle okuyinto akunakwenzeka ukulungisa kwencazelo izinqubo ezenzeka zesimiso ngasinye ezimisweni obusebenzayo: kwemizwa, endocrine, kwegazi, njll ...

Umnikelo yokutadisha I. P. Pavlová sika izinqubo wokugaya ukudla

Inchazelo yesayensi lokho izitho zomzimba, kungenziwa kanje: it is a isayensi ukuthi etadisha imisebenzi ekuphileni kwazo zonke izinhlangano emzimbeni. ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka esiqeshini womuntu wokugaya ukudla, kanye izindlela elawula kubo, sezihlonziwe yi-ovelele Russian usosayensi I. P. Pavlovym. ndlela yakhe fistula iye yasiza ukuvula izimfihlo nezindlala duodenal. Futhi liye efakwe izigaba ukugaya esiswini futhi wafundelwa Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali of juice esiswini, sigqame ngisho phambi chyme singena ingaphakathi lomzimba. Kwacaca ukuthi izitho zomzimba ezinjalo ukugaya.

Ngenxa esiyingqayizivele yayo ngobuciko babo imisebenzi izilwane, ososayensi ethulwa ephelele isithombe basemtholampilo ukusebenza salivary nezindlala, isibindi, isisu. Ekwakhiweni enzyme cell yabo secretory kuthonywa izikhungo excitation ikhaliphe unconditioned empandni ingqondo.

Usosayensi Kwembula izindlela Neuro-humoral yokulawulwa kwezimboni ukugaya, okuyiwona ngo-1904 waklonyeliswa uMklomelo KaNobel. Ucwaningo I. P. Pavlová wawubalulekile ukuphendula umbuzo othi "Yini i-zomzimba womuntu futhi iyini indima yalo eyala begazi ohlelweni?".

Ukubaluleka esiwusizo umsebenzi I. M. Sechenova

ukuvulwa Brilliant abasunguli we okusithiyayo e isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko Ivana Mihaylovicha Sechenova iseyimizi nsuku theory lapho kutadishwa izinqubo yokucabanga, inkumbulo, ukukhuluma. Scientific kugomela main ikhaliphe izinkomba ubuchopho izifundo kunquma khona kule thalamus diencephalon wendawo ukubopha isikhungo. Ngokwe imibono I. M. Sechenova, okuwuphawu indima enqubeni ye irradiation izinqubo inhibitory enze molecule ekhethekile - neurotransmitters, kwemiqondo emzimbeni futhi buthelela oketshezini olungenambala lwegazi.

Usosayensi ngomunye wabokuqala wanikeza incazelo lokho physiology umzimba wesiguli. Kwasebenza njengesibonakaliso isisekelo sokuthethelelwa imithi okukhulunywa okuyikona kanye nokuzikhethela izindlela kahle ukwelashwa. Imfundiso I. M. Sechenova mayelana feedbacks emsebenzini reflex zobuchopho kwaba luyimfuneko ekusungulweni kwesayensi ye cybernetics.

Umqondo izinhlelo sokusebenza

imisebenzi ebalulekile zomzimba womuntu nje kokuthi isistimu evulekile-begazi eziphambili kakhulu kudlulela ngalé ukusabela reflex. Famous usosayensi Russian P. K. Anohin wazakhela theory ukuchaza ukugcinwa kwamakhilomitha njalo imvelo yangaphakathi ngosizo eziyinkimbinkimbi izitho bokuphila izinhlelo. Umsebenzi wabo esihlelwe igcina izinga homeostasis elihambisana umzimba ophilile, futhi kulawulwa izenzo eziyinkimbinkimbi kokuziphatha. ososayensi Ucwaningo baye basiza ukuphendula umbuzo, uyini physiology umsebenzi ephakeme sezinzwa, waqinisekisa I. M. Sechenova wacabanga ngendima izikhungo ephakeme we- cortex cerebral ukunikeza ukukhetha izilungiselelo okufinyelela imigomo nezindlela nogqozi yizenzo zabantu.

Emizimbeni yethu kukhona izinhlelo nemisebenzi yokusetshenziswa amazinga ezimbili. Eyokuqala siqukethe izindlela anomthelela ekugcinweni kokuthula homeostasis nge isiqondiso neurohumoral. Zinikeza ezingeni evamile kashukela, ukubunjwa oketshezini olungenambala lwegazi, umfutho wegazi, nokunye. D. Uhlelo lwesibili isekela umzimba ukusekela ukuphila nge nokuxhumana ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo ngokusebenzisa ushintsho ekuziphatheni.

ukuphefumula yangaphakathi

Njengoba manje sesiyazi, izimiso ka eziphilayo emazingeni ahlukene inhlangano eziphilayo ndaba - yamangqamuzana, amaselula, izicubu kanye organogenic - efunda ngesayensi izitho zomzimba. Kuyini umzimba ngasinye kulezi ezingenhla amaleveli njengoba kwenzeka - izimpendulo zale mibuzo ukunikeza izimboni isicelo.

Ngakho, lapho sicabangela zomzimba Biochemistry negesi lokushintshisana weseli emishinini yokuphefumula, ukuphepha ecashile zomzimba womuntu nomoya-mpilo. Iphuma ku-ukusabela redox ne organic izinto cell, lapho amandla ezikhishwe zanqwabelana ngesimo ATP molecule ezisetshenziswa umzimba ukuze isebenze imisipha ukukhula kanye nokuthuthuka. Njengoba ubona, izinqubo bokuphila kukhona isici ebalulekile yayo yonke eziphilayo emazingeni ahlukahlukeneko wendlela inhlangano yabo.