Imiphumela yezinto eziphilayo: yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo - ke ...

Empeleni, i-yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo - yiliphi ukuguqulwa, ukuguqulwa ezenzeka yonke. Leli gama kuvamile impela futhi isetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola umqondo kusukela umbono wezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphakathi komkhakha wezesayensi ukuphila mkhuba ngokuqonde eyaziwa ngokuthi "baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele", lisebenzisa ubulili besilisa, uzoqhubeka ingasetshenziswa kokubili ongakhetha kunokwenzeka.

Ngakho, ngo-biology yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo - a evelele ushintsho morphological a eziphilayo, ngempela okwenzeka ngesikhathi ontogeny yayo. Lo mkhuba yenteka ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Ngo yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo yamuva kwenzeka ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe ezingenamgogodla kakhulu futhi abanye ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo: cyclostomes, inhlanzi, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni. Ingqikithi yalo nqubo ukuguqula umzimba elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu (isilwane) noma kwezitho ezithile (ezitshalweni) ukuze ukhululekile omdala umzimba ngenxa kakhulu sihluke isakhiwo kuzalwa, izitho zomzimba kanye nomsebenzi.

Animal yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo - akuyona nje ushintsho elibukhali isakhiwo umzimba. Lo mkhuba kuhambisana ushintsho kwendawo okunomsoco nezimo zokuphila. Imisebenzi Ebalulekile i umzimba omdala kuhluke ngokuphelele ukuthi letigaba elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu, umehluko itholakala kwendawo ukudliwa kokudla nezinye izinto eziningi. Ngakho, sithola yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo kubalulekile emvelweni, inikeza kuncipha mncintiswano yemvelo ukudla, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo kanye nezinye izinto phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo izizukulwane ezahlukene ephilayo yohlobo olufanayo.

Ake sicabangele baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele ezilwaneni. Isibonelo okuphawuleka kakhulu cishe isigaba izinambuzane. Metamorphoses ezehlela bonke amalungu aleli qembu. Le nqubo noma ukuguqulwa okuphelele noma olungaphelele. Qedela yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo uhlanganisa izigaba ezintathu yentuthuko i umzimba: worm-like isibungu, isiphungumangathi (isigaba umile, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho umzimba bawubhubhisa ngokuphelele izibungu bakha umzimba omusha we omdala) kanye isinambuzane omdala. Lolu hlobo lwe-mkhuba sici for Diptera (izimpukane, omiyane), Hymenoptera (izinyosi, izinyosi Bumble, iminyovu), Lepidoptera (izimvemvane), mabhungane (zikamanqulwane). Ngu yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo akuphelele, kukhona kuphela izigaba ezimbili: isibungu, afana morphology omdala, futhi, eqinisweni, isinambuzane omdala. ukuguqulwa Akuphelele isici Orthoptera (isikhonyane, izintethe izinyendle imvukuzane), Homoptera (aphid) kanye Hemiptera (izimbungulu).

Ukuze izitshalo ephakeme baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele - ukuguqulwa izitho ezithile maqondana imisebenzi abasenzela, kunokuba ekuguquleni wonke umzimba. Njengomthetho, e inqubo ngokufaka embryonic, kunokuba izitho bakheké ngokuphelele. isitshalo baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele futhi ngokuthi ukushintshwa. Lokhu, isibonelo, ingilazi (emnsalweni), ameva (cactus), amadevu (ngoba izithelo), esigaxeni (ginger), nezilimo eziyizigaxa (amazambane), kanye nokunye. Okusho yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo izitshalo ungaphakathi lithathelwe yabo zezemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ameva (amahlamvu Ushintshe) ezenzeka ezitshalweni ophilayo uma kushisa, ezakheke kunganciphisa ukuhwamuka ebusweni ishidi.