Kuyini spermatogenesis? Icacisa nezikhathi

Emzimbeni kwabesifazane nabesilisa njalo inqubo nokuvuthwa of gametes. Futhi uma wonke izintokazi kulokhu kucacile ngokwanele, amadoda kuhlale kuyimfihlakalo. Cishe, akunakwenzeka ukuba umuntu kude imithi sina wazibuza ukuthi spermatogenesis. Kodwa ukuze unombono kuyoba mnandi ukuba bandise ulwazi jikelele kanye ukuqonda kangcono zomzimba zabo.

definition

Qala le uhambo ayengayilungiselelanga ku eziphilayo kanye Histology kangcono isisekelo theory. Ngakho, liyini spermatogenesis? Le nqubo, okuyinto umkhiqizo ekupheleni isidoda. Zonke izigaba zayo kulawulwa hormone nemithi isimiso sezinzwa.

umjikelezo ngamunye sihlala ayisishiyagalolunye izinsuku. Lena kathathu ngaphezu kwabesifazane, kodwa amaseli lwegciwane abavuthiwe, kakhulu, ama-oda eziningana sezingeni elikhulu. Ngezinye ihora izinsuku ezingu-90 e-testis ngamunye ukuvuthwa kwezigidi ezingu engamakhulu isidoda asebenzayo. Amazinga ukhululekile kakhulu inqubo - 34-35 degrees Celsius.

Spermatogenesis zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu noma izinkathi:

- ayanda;
- meiosis;
- spermatogenesis.

nezikhathi

Kuyini spermatogenesis? Lokhu inqubo ezilandelanayo izigaba futhi elinendawo isinyathelo. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo ezine izinhlobo izinguquko emzimbeni:

- ukubuyabuyelela lamaseli;
- ukukhula;
- yokuvuthwa;
- kumiswa isidoda.

Konke lokhu kwenzeka tubules seminiferous, etholakala ngaphakathi amasende. Olwelwesini amaseli obumba udonga ijabulise, - spermogonii. Ziyaqhubeka ihlukaniswe mitotically. Le nqubo iqala ungakazalwa uyaqhubeka kuze engamashumi amabili nanhlanu. Amaseli uhlukanise ngokushesha ukuze enkathini ebizwa ngokuthi inkathi yokuzalana.

Ngemva ukuqala ukuthomba spermatogonia ngamaqembu amabili:

- labo eqhubeka ehlukana phakathi;
- labo abaye bathuthela maphakathi tubule ezonini ukukhula.

Ngesikhathi indawo entsha amaseli ukwandisa ngobukhulu, banalo cytoplasm ocebile ngezakhi. Of spermatogonia siguqulelwa spermatocytes ye-oda kuqala. Phakathi nale nkathi, spermatogenesis komunye spermatocytes kwakhiwa ezingaphansi ezimbili, futhi kubo kakade etholwe spermatids.

Spermatids ke ngokulinganayo basakaza phezu testis, kuvuleke ngaphaphakathi. Futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kancane kancane abavuthiwe phakathi nesidoda, okuyinto awela deferens vas, bese - ku urethra.

ayanda

On ulwelwesi esemqoka ye tubules seminiferous ahlelwe spermatogonia, ogama inombolo ngesikhathi nokuvuthwa zocansi ongafinyelela bhiliyoni. Ngokusho izici zayo morphological abazaba:

- kumaseli ukukhanya uhlobo A;
- amnyama amaseli uhlobo A;
- cell hlobo B.

spermatogonia ngokumnyama eziphindaphindekayo, zingabantu inert esimweni ngaphambi isikhathi lapho kudingeka kuphakama (ngemva ezifweni ezimbi noma ngemisebe). amaseli Bright ngokuqhubekayo uhlukanise mitotically ebesizenza amaseli A no-B-hlobo.

Ngenxa spermatogenesis e-embryonic period, futhi kusukela ekuzalweni kuya eminyakeni 14 amadoda zanqwabelana pool enkulu amaseli ungakwazi bayahlukanisa phakathi nesidoda. Lokhu kubanika wenzalo isikhathi eside kunaleso abesifazane (amaqanda 300 kuphela, futhi awahlanganyeli).

Meiosis: spermatogenesis

Spermatogonia ezihlobene amaseli B-hlobo izikhathi ezimbalwa zokuqala ezihlukaniswe mitosis futhi babe spermatocyte oda kuqala. Lokhu cell yena, naye ehlukene, kodwa hhayi nombala, futhi meiosis. Ekupheleni esigabeni sokuqala akhiwa indodakazi amaseli ezimbili - wesibili oda spermatocytes, ngamunye okuyindawo ehlanganisa ingxenye inani lezakhi zofuzo. Isigaba sesibili uphela ifomu spermatids ezimbili kusukela ngamunye spermatocytes.

Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange amaseli ezine ezintsha ethathwe kwenye. Ngamunye wabo has a isethi haploid wama-chromosomes, futhi kungenzeka esikhathini esizayo iqhaza ukuzalanisa iqanda.

spermatogenesis

Ngokungafani spermatogenesis oogenesis kusukela ukuthi wokugcina kufanele abe amaseli amaningi amancane aqukethe ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo, hhayi oyedwa kuphela, kodwa omkhulu futhi egcwele izakhamzimba.

Ukuze Kwatholakala spermatocytes isidoda, kumelwe ibhekane uchungechunge izinguquko eziphawulekayo morphological. spermatid ngamunye itholakala eduze Sertoli amaseli, lapho "ukuvuthwa". iseli Okokuqala oyindilinga ke ungenisa futhi kubonakala le elimbudumbudu acrosomal. Lezi inclusions ke ayebuthene omunye izinti iseli, futhi kukhona "acrosomal cap".

Mitochondria kuthiwa wafingqa phakathi kwengqamuzana, bayoba ukuhambisa isidoda phambili. I cytoplasm uyaqhubeka yokwelula, futhi kwakheka umsila is. Ngemva kokuba ingqamuzana usezuze ifomu ajwayelekile, nokuvuthwa usuphothuliwe, futhi kuthatha indawo yayo phezu engaphakathi intambo spermatic.

Izici kumiswa kwamaseli

Kuyini spermatogenesis? - inqubo Injongo ogama main ukuvela ovuthiwe amaseli lwegciwane enempilo, babe isilinganiso esifanele ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo. Yonke inqubo kwesidoda ukubukeka basal cell kuthatha cishe inyanga.

It is kuhlelwe umqondo ngu enzyme ethile, ezisiza ukuthola iqanda, ukufika kulo, chaza emgodleni zokuzivikela futhi yakha zygote e-germ cells besilisa. Basuke bagxila kule efanayo acrosomal cap, okuyinto sesivele okuxoxwe ngawo ngenhla.

Esinye isici iyona motility isidoda. Uhamba esibelethweni kusukela esibelethweni ukuze tube fallopian bese isibeletho ngaphakathi kuphela ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana nge fimbriae, ezinyakazayo Translational ka cilia futhi peristalsis amashubhu. Isidoda Ubuye umsila, okuyinto uba lo msila, futhi odlulela phambili lonke amaseli.

Ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza ngokuphumelela nesidoda kuthinta yokwamukela nemithi, utshwala, izidakamizwa nogwayi, nezinye izinto exogenous futhi endogenous.

Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza ezinomthelela inqubo

Zonke germ cells futhi spermatogenesis iyashesha ukuzwela uma imiphumela yezinto ezingezinhle. Ukwephulwa kwale nqubo ezinye izigaba zalo kungaholela wenzalo esincishisiwe noma kulungiswe inkinga yokungabi nenzalo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abantu bobulili namandla kubhekwa buqinile ngokuya ezempilo, umzimba owesilisa kakhulu sensitive yokwehla kwezinga lokushisa komzimba futhi izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Enough komkhuhlane nge komzimba okuncane, ukubhubhisa izinhlelo okukhulelwa ingane izinyanga ezintathu.

Ngakho-ke, amadoda kufanele nigcine izincomo eziyisisekelo imikhiqizo yakho ukunakekelwa umzimba ukuze alondoloze umsebenzi zokuzala isikhathi eside:

- noma kunjalo bangagqoki izingubo Friend, okuyinto zingaphazamisa ukugeleza kwegazi futhi endaweni ukwandisa izinga lokushisa;
- ukugwema sokuhambela njalo ukuze ama-sauna namabhati;
- ngokuqapha ukuthatha imithi elwa namagciwane, elwa ne-hormone.

Abanye besifazane abangamaRom babesizakala bakhathazekile yokuthi behluleka okukhulelwa, uzama ukuthonya umzimba besilisa ukuthuthukisa isidoda. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka diversify yokudla, give up imikhuba emibi, ukugwema nokushintsha kokudla nokufakwa njalo izidakamizwa, ukuphuza itiye herbal esikhundleni ikhofi, umsebenzi, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuya massage.

izindlela engeziwe yokuchayeka

Oogenesis futhi spermatogenesis bungathuthukiswa eyayenziwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, afeze hormone ukushukuma abalingani emitholampilo imithi umndeni. Ngokuvamile, lezo zinqubo zenziwa labo abashadile, ukuba banquma ukuba ingane IVF (ngaphandle kwesibeletho fertilization) noma ICSI (intracellular isidoda umjovo).

Nokho, lezo zinqubo ezingaphephile bobabili abangane bomshado, futhi evuselela yokufakelwa zivimbela ekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone ayo futhi babhebhethekise nenzalo. Ukusebenza engokwemvelo spermatogenesis kwenzeka madoda ethandweni. Ubuchopho synthesizes hormone eziningi ezahlukene ukuthi ngcono hhayi kuphela izinga nobungako bezithelo kwesidoda, kodwa futhi ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba, ukwandisa imisipha ithoni bese ukusheshisa umzimba.

isidoda

Ukuze kuthinte ukukhiqizwa kanye ukukhiqizwa isidoda, kubalulekile ukuqhuba uhlaziyo ejaculate. Lolu cwaningo enemininingwane ukucacisa inombolo asebenzayo isidoda izinga, ukucacisa izinguquko sokugembula zisandakuqala (uma ikhona).

Encwadini ejaculate evamile uketshezi omhlophe noma lemicu empunga elinamathela othini kokuba asidi hlangothi. Kokunye ngemililitha kufanele ibe isidoda engaphansi kwezigidi ezingu-20, futhi angaphezu kwangu-25 amaphesenti babo kufanele ephathekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani amangqamuzana avamile efanelekayo ukuvundisa kufanele okungenani isigamu wezindleko. Ngokusho amazinga World Health Organization, cishe amahlanu amaphesenti isidoda kufanele kube uyaphila futhi abanalo ukushayisana morphology. I isidoda uvunyelwe khona ezingelutho amaseli round futhi leukocyte. kwamangqamuzana abomvu engeziwe, ama-macrophage, futhi amyloid corpuscles akuzona wamukelekile.

Hlukanisa izinkomba isidoda ezifana:

- normogramma;
- oligospermia - esincane isidoda;
- polyspermy - eziningi ejaculate;
- viskozipatiya - viscosity ngokweqile;
- oligozoospermia - isidoda ongaphakeme ubale;
- azoospermia - akukho isidoda oketshezini;
- asthenozoospermia - baxhashazwe morphologically spermatozoa unmodified.

Kukhona ezinye izinketho, kodwa lena izimo ezivamile.