Pedagogy - kuyini? Umqondo "pedagogy". Pedagogy professional

Ezemfundo njengoba endaweni ekhethekile yizenzo zabantu uyafundelwa pedagogy. Yini ufundisa, ke kwavela kanjani nalokho definition kunganikeza?

etymology

Leli gama has a umsuka ethakazelisa kakhulu. EGrisi lasendulo, ukusekela master isigqila sakhe izingane esikoleni saba igama elithile - pedagogy. Yini ukubaluleka umphumela? Vele phezu ulimi lasendulo elithi "ingane" amaGreki linjengezwi "paydos" nesenzo esithi "abaholayo" uphinyiswa ngokuthi "Figaro." It kuvela ukuthi 'umfundisi-nceku "okuthiwa" paydogogosom ".

Njengoba igama elithi "pedagogy" ziye zashintsha njengoba isikhathi. Uyini pedagogy namuhla? Ngomqondo abavamile konke ukusekelwa efanayo ingane, umfundi, kodwa i-scope imisebenzi enjalo nezinye yokuvalelisa. Mfundisi - nguye esihambisana impilo yengane.

Kusukela umlando pedagogy. West esikoleni

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa on ukufundiswa, ethi zefilosofi abadumile xaxa. Ngokwesibonelo, U-Immanuel Kant, owaphila ekhulwini XVIII, wayekholelwa ukuthi le komphakathi yomuntu enqubeni yokufunda - ithuluzi main ukusiza ukwakha ubuntu iziphoxi, uyakwazi ukuhlala umphakathi ophucukile futhi ulethe inzuzo esintwini.

ukucabanga okunjalo kungase kubhekwe njengokuvamile eziphambili ngesikhathi sawo ngoba kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XIX, imfundo zazibalwa kuhlotshaniswe nenkolo. abafundile ke Iningi abefundisi, abefundisi bamasonto zezindela, okuyinto bekwi imisebenzi zokufundisa zilingana nezinhlobo zenkolo.

izinguquko Big Western pedagogy esikoleni usebhekene ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX. Ezemfundo kancane kancane isiqala ukuhambisa kude canons zenkolo ukugomela futhi baba imfanelo esiyisibopho self wobuntu abacebile. Phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule eNtshonalanga Yurophu naseNyakatho Melika ishanelwe kabusha imfundo. Umphumela waba ukwakhiwa kohlelo olusha, abantu ngamakhasimende kakhudlwana futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi izithakazelo umfundzi ngamunye ngamunye, futhi izidingo emphakathini wesintu wonke.

Pedagogy eRussia

Imfundo e Kievan Rus futhi ehlangene nenkolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, injongo eyinhloko ukuqeqeshwa ekukwati kufundza nekubhala kwaba khona-ke abapristi entsha, abantu bayakwazi ukuba bashumayele futhi basakaza izwi likaNkulunkulu kubantu abavamile.

Nokho, wafundisa nekubhala kanye nezingane. NgeNkathi Ephakathi kwakungenxa inzalo abazali ocebile futhi onethonya. Kodwa kancane kancane, kancane kancane uya imfundo uquqaba.

ukuqeqeshwa Mfundisi owaqala ekhulwini XVIII. Kuvulwe emakholiji othisha 'nezikhungo, futhi saqaphela ukubaluleka imfundo emphilweni umphakathi Russian pedagogy njengoba isayensi.

Kuphela phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet, kule 30s kwekhulu elidlule, imfundo baba saziso. Izingane ezincane kusukela eminyakeni 7 kwadingeka adlule kuzo zonke izigaba esikoleni, ngakho ngenxa yokuba abantu bakwazi ukufunda nokubhala futhi behlakaniphile.

Kodwa ake ukusenza siphethe akanhlanhlatsi yethu emfushane zomlando badlulele imfundiso yokuziphendukela pedagogy.

Isayensi Pedagogy

Kuyini pedagogy njengoba isayensi? Kuze kube manje, kuphakanyiswa izincazelo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Nokho, kungaba le capacious emfushane futhi kubhekwe lokhu okulandelayo: pedagogy - isayensi imfundo.

Ikhona yini enye indlela ukuchaza ke? Pedagogy - isayensi nokudluliswa nakho kusukela Isizukulwane esidala kwencane, kanye nokwenziwa asebenzayo abafundi kubika kolwazi lwabo. Njengoba ubona, le ncazelo ibonakala orientation womsebenzi sezemfundo: wenziwa futhi beqonda uthisha abafundi bakhe.

Pedagogy - liphinde isayensi ukuqeqeshwa nemfundo, kanye self-yokufunda, self-imfundo kanye self-imfundo. Lenchazelo libhekisela izinqubo ezihambisana lesi siyalo njengoba ngomsebenzi. Kulokhu, lo ukugcizelela nayo ibekwe yokuthi welithi "pedagogy" kuhilela enqubeni izinhlangothi ezimbili, enye ofundisa kanye ofundayo.

Yini ngokutadisha lokhu isayensi? Ake sixoxe izimfanelo zayo ezithile.

Isihloko kanye into pedagogy

Kuwo wonke isayensi has into yayo nasesifundvweni ngasinye. Futhi pedagogy Yiqiniso, iyathinteka. Ngakho, isihloko pedagogy kukhona kumiswa ubuntu umfundi nokuthuthuka kwakhe ezenzeka phakathi ukuqeqeshwa. Into pedagogy - yinqubo imfundo abafundi '. Ngakho lichazwa ngokuthi ukudluliswa nakho kusukela Isizukulwane esidala kwencane.

Kukhona ukwahlulela yokuthi into pedagogy - umfundi, uma kuhloswe imisebenzi ukuqeqeshwa uthisha. Lena akuyona ngakho. Ngo inqubo kokuzuza ulwazi kumuntu ngokwakhe ayishintshi, izinguquko ezenzeka ezingeni ndaba ezicashile - ubuntu. Futhi ngakho umsebenzi wengqondo ngokuvamile okuhlobene pedagogy, futhi yimuphi umfundisi omuhle elibalulekile e umphefumulo wezengqondo kancane.

Imisebenzi ka pedagogy njengoba isayensi

Njenganoma yimuphi isayensi, pedagogy has lwenza umsebenzi walo ohlukile. Abakwazi ihlukaniswe theory kanye nama-practical.

Ngu pedagogy theory misebenzi ifaka:

• ukufunda zanqwabelana emakhulwini yolwazi wobuntu pedagogy, kanye nokuthuthukiswa yakamuva cutting edge intuthuko emkhakheni wezemfundo;
• Ukuxilongwa izimo Pedagogical kanye izenzakalo, ukusungula izimbangela nokuthuthuka kwazo ekhona;
• ekubhaleni uhlelo ecacile isenzo okuhloswe ngaso ekuguquleni isimo samanje zemfundo kanye ngcono yayo.

imisebenzi esiwusizo:

• nezinsiza ukuthuthukiswa, izinhlelo, iziqondiso senzelwe othisha;
• isingeniso practice zemfundo ngentuthuko fresh;
• ukuhlolwa kanye nokuhlaziywa imiphumela yomsebenzi Pedagogical.

Uyini umsebenzi yokufundisa?

Umsebenzi uthisha ofundisa emfundweni ubuntu bengane - main. Ezemfundo, yebo, acabangele isimo salo mkhaya, futhi enlists ngosizo lwabazali wengane. Nokho, ukuqeqeshwa kanye main zemfundo umsebenzi kwenziwe nokho uthisha. Uyini umsebenzi pedagogical nalokho definition kunganikeza?

umsebenzi Sikhungo - umkhuba ngokudlulisela abafundi isipiliyoni yezenhlalakahle zanqwabelana yisintu, kanye yokwenza isimo sokuthuthukisa lemfundzi ngamunye. It is hhayi ngempela eyenziwa uthisha kuphela esikoleni noma uprofesa waseyunivesithi. Ngempela, pedagogy professional sihlinzekela imfundo uthisha professional. Nokho, uma sicabanga umzali wokufundisa izingane zakhe, siyoyiqonda ukuthi izenzo zakhe kungabuye chasiselwe imisebenzi zokufundisa. Ngemva edlula okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe lapho nje isizukulwane esisha, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kushintsha nobuntu bezingane.

Yini ukuhlukanisa iqondiswe imisebenzi zemfundo kunoma iyiphi enye - ukuthi unakho ocacile. Futhi injongo yale - imfundo.

Kukuziphi izici umsebenzi pedagogical nguthishela ukusebenza?

umsebenzi Sikhungo akuyona umqondo abstract. It ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo eziningana, ngamunye ephethe okuqukethwe salo esisebenzayo nenjongo. Ngakho, bonke abafundisi ihlaziya inqubo yokufunda nokutadisha izisekelo ezicatshangelwayo yomsebenzi wakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthisha nokuxhumana Pedagogical owazi izici ubuntu abafundi babo. Lo msebenzi ubizwa ngokuthi engqondweni yethu noma Gnostic.

Mfundisi imiklamo. Ikhulela izindlela ezintsha kanye nezinhlelo, ukulungiselela izifundo, ngesimo obhekene naso sehlukile kuleso ejwayelekile. Thishela ihlaziya nezinselele ezibangelwa phambi kwakhe ohlelweni lwezemfundo, futhi isisekelo yabo ukuthola izixazululo ezanele. Thishela lucwaningo imisebenzi yenhlangano. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, abafundi ukuhlangabezana nezinhloso ezithile Pedagogical. imisebenzi Luchumano, futhi waqalisa uthisha esinekhono ukwakha inkhulumomphendvulwano kokubili kubafundi belandisa nabazali bazo, kanye nokuphathwa kanye nozakwabo.

Kukhona endaweni ehlukile umsebenzi uthisha - pedagogy kwezimilo. Kuyini lokhu? pedagogy kweziMilo ethuthuka futhi beqeqesha amakilasi izingane ezinezidingo ezikhethekile, okuyinto iqhutshwa ngokuvumelana izinhlelo ezikhethekile. Leyo misebenzi ajwayele othisha asebephumelele ukuqeqeshwa kwezemfundo ezifanele.

Teacher: Kuyini lokhu?

Ezemfundo of ubuntu - umsebenzi onzima futhi unesibopho. Pedagogy nokho ngokuya devalued esikhathini sethu. Nokho, sishukunyiswa ochwepheshe impumelelo zisuke zisekhona, egijima endaweni futhi ukuhlwanyela ngempela ngokuthi "ocabangelayo, ezinhle, omiyo njalo."

Yini okufanele ibe uthisha ophumelela kakhulu? Iziphi izimfanelo yenhlangano ngemilingo ukuhlukanisa ke? Eqinisweni izici uhlamvu nguthishela buvezwa uhlobo lomsebenzi wakhe. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ke elinesimo egxile umsebenzi uthisha umsebenzi kwenza ukuthi othisha esizayo okungenani nezidingo ecacile. Ngakho, uthisha kufanele uzilungiselele ukufundisa. Lokhu kuzimisela kubonakala olwazini lwakhe theory ne practical namakhono, kanye izingxenye ezingokomzimba nezingokwengqondo. Umfundzisi kufanele uzilungiselele lokusingatha lokhu kucindezeleka, bakwazi ukuba simelane nawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafundisi kudingeka impilo enhle namandla okukhuthazela eside ukusingatha inani elikhulu abafundi.

Thishela kumele yena njalo bafunde, ukuzama ukukhulisa ezingeni yentuthuko zabo zomqondo futhi ubuhle zezemfundo. Kuleli phephandaba ke kufanele asebenzise izinhlobo ezintsha ka inhlangano inqubo yemfundo. Kulokhu, imfuneko womsebenzi yimpumelelo Pedagogical kuyinto uthando izingane nokuzimisela ukuze uthumele kubo ulwazi kwabo hhayi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi isiqeshana ngenxa yomphefumulo wakhe.

Ungaluthola kuphi kothisha?

amanyuvesi Pedagogical manje impela eningi, cishe njalo ucishe okuyidolobha unendlela yawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanyuvesi amaningi babe neminyango noma amandla ka pedagogy. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona Faculty of Pedagogy eMoscow State University, omunye iyunivesithi endala eRussia. Futhi University ehlonishwayo weRiphabhulikhi Belarus - Belarusian State University - UMnyango Pedagogy isebenza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-Russia kanye kulo lonke izwe elaliyiSoviet Union kula mashumi eminyaka amuva ivule lenqwaba izikhungo kwezentengiselwano imfundo ephakeme. Imfundo e abaningi babo bathola ehlonishwayo futhi ungenele ezinye kungcono eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalelo emayunivesithi zomphakathi. Njalo is ehola commercial futhi inyuvesi orientation Pedagogical e Moscow, okuzoxoxwa ngezansi.

Ihlangano yokuNgeza Psychology futhi Pedagogy

Lesi sikole zamila yesayensi-esisebenzayo isenti "ukulungiswa." Ngo-1990, lesi sikhungo siye sabizwa ngokuthi "i-Institute of Psychology futhi Pedagogy".

Kuze kube manje, kukhona eziyisithupha amakhono ezingokwengqondo Pedagogical, futhi izinhlobo ukuqeqeshwa ahlale bendabuko: esigcwele, amatoho kanye kusihlwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafundisi inyuvesi ukulungiselela abafundi ekolishi ngeSonto izifundo kanye izifundo lohlelo olunzulu zemfundo.

Ingabe abafundi kulesi sikhungo iminyaka 5-6 isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa incike kundlela okhethiweyo imfundo ubuhlakani.

inkulumo lokuvala

Kukhona umsebenzi womuntu ekhethekile, ihloniphekile futhi okusezingeni eliphezulu. Nanguya umsebenzi okhokhelwayo, futhi lo msebenzi - efundisa. Pedagogy - akuyona nje isayensi, noma umkhakha theory professional kanye umkhuba. Libuye libe ubizo okumelwe ahlangabezane nazo. Yingakho abantu ubani ongase abizwe ngokuthi othisha, ochwepheshe ngohlamvu capital, kukhona yinhlonipho.