Olivier Levasseur - pirate French. Legend engcebweni kanye cryptogram Levasseur

Mayelana corsairs, pirates, freebooters, amaBhakabhaka nezinye "Madoda fortune" alubhaliwe eyodwa adventure inoveli kanye ifilimu senziwa. Zimbozwe i aura romance, Pirates onekhono ngokuvamile baba abayizibonelo, iningi lawo okusolwa bajoyine pirates hhayi enhliziyweni yakhe, kodwa ngenxa yezimo.

Nokho, izinto zibukeka akuyona zikhanga kangaka empilweni yangempela. Emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke yomlando, kusukela kudala, ugcwele Amakhasi onegazi okubulala, ukuphanga kanye nokubamba inkunzi, chinivshihsya pirates. Amaro Pargo, Olivier Levasseur,-Henry Morgan nabanye abaningi ayedumile ezingabazisayo, ngokuletha ukwesaba ematilosini futhi amadolobha angasogwini.

ukudoba lasendulo

Sea ukuphanga wavela kusafufusa impucuko, kanye nokuthuthukiswa ukuhweba. Imikhumbi yezohwebo, zithwesiwe izimpahla ezibizayo, kodwa kahle ahlomile, baba izisulu ezilula pirates. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ebhaliwe pirates kuhlehlela emuva oFaro baseGibithe.

Ezikhathini zasendulo pirates igagasi ngokukhululekile Adriatic, Aegean seMediterranean kwezilwandle. NgesiGreki lizisho abangu ngezikhathi ulwa ukubusa kwabo, kodwa imiphumela ingabonakali akazange nililethe. Pirates baqhubeka yokuphangwa imikhumbi yezohwebo, futhi kubagibeli nezisebenzi ukuthengisa ebugqilini.

Kamuva uMbuso WaseRoma wakwazi ukumelana ngempumelelo kugetshengwa ulwandle. UPompey ngo I ekhulwini BC, wabutha imikhumbi 500 futhi ibutho izinkulungwane zabantu 120 izinyanga ezintathu usule saseMelitha pirates. Kuphela ngemva kokuwa eRoma BC V leminyaka kule ulwandle ukuphanga esifundeni yabuye yaqala ukuvuseleleka.

Inkathi okutholakele ezindawo

Ekupheleni KweNkathi Ephakathi, abantu baseYurophu baye zaba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni shipbuilding lokuzula. caravels Spanish isi-Portuguese wayefunde ukwakha - ivulekile, ngesivinini kanye nemikhumbi ukukhanya uyakwazi ukuhamba iphambane nomoya.

Ukuthuthukiswa ekudwetshweni kwamabalazwe kanye ukusetshenziswa ikhampasi, manje kungenzeka ukubhukuda olwandle oluvulekile, kanye sphericity ka umbono Umhlaba wanika ukuwufinyelela empumalanga ocebile, uya entshonalanga. Konke lokhu walungisa omkhulu okutholakele womhlaba.

Iminyaka engamakhulu amabili, kusukela isigamu kwekhulu xv yesibili. futhi liphetha ngamazwi phakathi nekhulu XVII., abashayeli bemikhumbi European wahlola engaziwa ngaphambi olwandle, nasemachibini, amazwekazi neziqhingi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinto ezitholwe ezindawo babe ngithuthuke, kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, banika umfutho ukudliwa kwamazwe ngempi futhi unentshiseko libonwe ulwandle ukuphanga.

Kuyinto kule nkathi ekhiqizwa izimo ukuvela izigcwelegcwele zasolwandle, abamagama abo okwamanje sekulibalekile. Ikakhulukazi, uma zihlotshaniswa ucinge ingcebo intshontshiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, cryptogram Levasseur - umholi thugs, angazange aphakanyiselwe lokuqala eCaribbean, bese E-Indian Ocean, ihlala ezingaxazululeki kuze kube yilolu suku.

ukudunwa okusemthethweni

Uma uthi nhlá kungase kubonakale kuyisimanga ukuthi monarchies European ngokwabo ngezinga elithile, kubangelwa umsebenzi okungakaze kubonwe pirates, nabo kamuva alwa ngobudlova. Noma kunjalo,.

Holland, Portugal, United Kingdom, Spain naseFrance XVI-XVII eminyaka. They ncintisana ngaphakathi ngoba amakoloni amasha futhi esiphakeme e yohwebo emhlabeni. Amathuba okulimala sale mpi eyathatha isikhathi lalilikhulu kakhulu, ngakho abathintekayo esimweni kwakuwacasula wakhe dengwane uma kuziwa ekukhetheni izindlela.

Ngakho kwakukhona privateering - ibhaliswe ngokomthetho ukudunwa. patent Okokuqala yokuphangwa imikhumbi yezohwebo amandla wesitha unikelwa amaqembu yangasese kuphela inkathi impi. Nokho, kufakwe ukunambitheka Capers ekujaheni ukushiya indlela lula ukuthola futhi emva aphelela.

Ngokwemibiko ethile, eshiwo ngenhla Olivier Levasseur waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengoba privateer, aphanga imikhumbi-Spanish e-Atlantic Ocean egameni Uhulumeni waseFrance. Nokho, maduze nje, njengezinye eziningi zamasosha akanye kulo msebenzi, uncamela "umsebenzi" ku ngokwabo.

Ukudunwa eCaribbean

Sea ukuphanga zifeze indima ebalulekile amazwe aseMelika eba amakoloni futhi inqubo sokuzuza capital esemancane eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Iningi izigcwelegcwele zasolwandle kanye privateers kwakungamadodana Dutch, amaFulentshi, le ngeSpanishi, isiNgisi isiPutukezi.

Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu XVII. It kwaqala inkathi ebizwa mlando inkathi yokuchuma ulwandle ukuphanga. Kuyoba izothatha iminyaka engu-80, futhi enkundleni eyinhloko imisebenzi pirates eCaribbean zibé ziningi kangakanani, lapho cruised umkhumbi ithwele igolide, ugwayi, isiliva, indigo, ushukela kanye nezinye izidingo.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu efanayo lapho uhulumeni ekugcineni ihlukaniswe ayezozibusa, baqala ngokuhlanganyela ukuqeda ulwandle ukuphanga eCaribbean. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abaningi Pirates, phakathi kwabo Olivier Levasseur, bathuthela kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba ukuba ngokushelela uqhubeke ukudoba yabo engekho emthethweni.

Indoda Ngaphandle Edlule

ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa mayelana umsuka Levasseur asizange sisinde. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi it fanele kuze umndeni esifana Pol Levassor - esinye isigebengu French kusukela Calais. Nokho, obubhalwe ubufakazi lo mbono akulona.

Kukhona kokuqagela ukuthi Olivier wazalwa Tortuga - iziqhingi zaseCaribbean, lapho ku 40s kwekhulu XVII umbusi kwaba Fransua Levassor. Uma kunjalo, khona-ke wayevela emkhayeni yizicukuthwane kusukela Conyer (Maine uMnyango).

Kuyefana nasendleleni ngonyaka lokuzalwa Olive Levassora. Usuku ngqo alwaziwa. Cishe wazalwa phakathi 1680 no-1690. Umthombo kuphela eziphathelene nesikhathi Olivier Levasseur ezingelwa e oLwandle LwaseCaribbean, bese E-Indian Ocean, kuyinto "umlando Pirates edume kunazo zonke," Charles Johnson, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1720

kufuduka ophoqelelwe

Phakathi neMpi of the Succession Spanish (1701-1714 GG.), Uhulumeni XIV ngesandla esivulekile basakaza patent privateers bephanga imikhumbi e-Atlantic Ocean. Nokho, ngemuva kokuphela France bajoyine umfelandawonye kwemibuso yaseYurophu usethe ukuze kuqedwe ukudunwa esifundeni.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi 1716 Levasseur, wethiwa La Buse wayala iqembu pirates 70. Cruising eCaribbean, bona ngempumelelo inkunzi Dutch, imikhumbi-Spanish futhi British besendleleni eya eYurophu noma eMelika.

Ngesikhathi eBahamas sihlangabezane abaholi pirate, lapho iningi uvotela ke ukuthuthela ezindaweni ephephile, njengoba umkhankaso wokulwa ulwandle ukuphanga kwashesha. Phakathi kwalabo abaye yanquma uthuthe, futhi kwaba pirate Olivier Levasseur.

Ngo amanzi-Indian Ocean

ENtshonalanga Afrika isibe indawo lapho ezingelwa kuphangwa 1718-1719 GG. kanye nezinduna Coquelin futhi Davis. Ngokugebenga okungenani imikhumbi 15 emlonyeni emfuleni Sierra Leone, abelana. Ngalesi sikhathi, le pirate French kanye nomsizi wakhe wangena Indian Ocean nge eCape of Good Hope.

Ehlobo lika-1720 omunye Comoros umkhumbi yaphihlizeka Levasseur. Ithimba lakhe wacosha England nase-Taylor - izinduna ezimbili pirate imikhumbi. Ngokushesha England wagudluzwa lawela esiqhingini Mauritius, futhi esikhundleni sakhe wakhethwa Levasseur.

Kanye Taylor, athumba isitsha ezimbili zokuqala Arab, bese ukulayisha isigaba British okungeyentatheli-East India Company. Isizinda wayemkhulu futhi besusa pirates inzuzo abathengisi Dutch emzini Indian of kuqala. Kusuka lapho babuyela emuva e-Mauritius.

indondo fabulous

Restock amalungiselelo nokulungisa imikhumbi, nge Levasseur Taylor salibangisa Madagascar. Endleleni yabo walala Reunion Island, ngaleso sikhathi eyayibizwa ngokuthi Bourbon. Pirates beza kuye 8 Apreli 1721 futhi wathola emigwaqweni umkhumbi isiPutukezi, shaye isiphepho.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nezenzakalo ezalandela ingatholakala endaweni yokugcina ka emazweni ahlukahlukene aseYurophu, ngoba impango iviyo izigcwelegcwele zasolwandle, kubhekwa omunye kwekulu emlandweni ukudunwa.

Ababegibele iwuhlelo isiPutukezi of umkhumbi wawususukile uMbhishobhi kanye Viceroy of Goa, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - diamond entabeni, ubucwebe, izindwangu ezibizayo, ifenisha, isiliva negolide bullion, izitsha, izinto ngokwesiko, imali, njll Izazi-mlando zilinganisela ukuthi ukubaluleka amadayimane kuphela. exchange lanamuhla izinga kuhluka 3 kuya 4 ama-dollar ayisigidi.

uxakekile

Onakala senzeka eMadagascar. Ngamunye wathola 42 yedayimane 4000 amakhilogremu. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII - ke ingenzeka kanjani ingcebo kangangokuthi avunyelwe bukhoma kahle e-Europe.

Noma kunjalo pirates futhi akazange acabange ukuze ushiye ukuhweba inzuzo. It is ukuthi 1722, baphanga umkhumbi Arab, silibangise kusuka China umkhiqizo ezaziwa, bese sahamba eMadagascar ukuze Delagoa Bay (East Africa). ikhanda i-Dutch Local hhayi kuphela bamelana pirates, kodwa futhi ngokugcwele usejoyine ezinhlwini zabo.

Abambalwa izinyanga pirates wakhipha yokulungisa umkhumbi bese unquma ukuthi sizokwenzenjani: ukubuyela eCaribbean noma ukuhlala e-Indian Ocean. Ekugcineni, Taylor ngomkhumbi eWest Indies, futhi Levasseur eneqembu 250 abantu baya yokweba imikhumbi yezohwebo off the ogwini lwaseMpumalanga Afrika kuze umkhumbi wakhe, ehlezi ebhange, hhayi iphahlazeka. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Levasseur bazinza Madagascar.

Ukuphela umsebenzi

Reunion Island e 1642 yaba ikoloni French. Madagascar it is ahlukaniswe km 700 kuphela. Ngo-1724, umbusi esiqhingini wathembisa Levasseur futhi igenge yakhe ushwele uma ihlukana nge ukudunwa futhi ukuthuthela Reunion. Abafisa kwakukhona kancane. Iningi, kuhlanganise La Buzás wenqaba.

Eminyakeni eyisithupha ezayo baqhubeka uthole eyodwa e-Indian Ocean, okwenza isisekelo sayo esincane ka Sainte-Marie. Ngo-1730 induna French umkhumbi "Medusa 'enkohlisweni ethumba Levasseur wabanjwa walethwa ngamaketanga ukuze Reunion. Lapha pirate uvele phambi kwenkantolo, okuyinto wamgwebela alengiswe.

Kwake kwathiwa omunye wamalungu oMkhandlu, owabusa isiqhingi, ikakhulukazi ngenkuthalo ayelwa egibele ukuthunjwa nasekubulaleni La Buzás njengoba kuhlosiwe ukuba ulithathe zakhe zenani elikhulu. Uma lokhu kuyiqiniso, ke cishe ngesikhathi ishaqeke okwabe sekwenzeka.

Imfihlakalo umcebo

Ukubulawa senzeka ngoJulayi 1730 on esigcawini eyinhloko Saint-Paul, owayeneminyaka ngaleso sikhathi sokuqondisa kunokuthula kulesi siqhingi. Ngaphambi ukhweze lesikafula, le pirate wayiphonsa isixuku ephepheni, ethi kwakuyoba uthole umcebo ubani okwazi wokufunda irekhodi.

Abagxeki bakholelwa ukuthi indaba le nganekwane. Nokho, kukhona ngempela kuyinto cryptogram. Futhi cishe emakhulwini amathathu eminyaka engcebweni Olive Levassora aqhubeka uhlupho izingqondo abazingeli ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kuyaqondakala, uma kucatshangelwa ubukhulu impango ethunjwa bemikhumbi off the isiPutukezi 1721 Kodwa nje kwaba omunye iziqephu career La Buzás.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kodwa engcebweni Olive Levassora siqhubeke sifuna ezinsukwini zethu phezu iziqhingi kwe-Indian Ocean, etholakala eduze Madagascar. Nokho, kuze kube manje akekho umuntu unelungelo ukuqhaqha cryptogram pirate ngobuqili. Ngakho-ke, emlandweni imicebo La Buzás iphuzu setha ekuseni.