North Port phezu Yenisei

Igarka - port ebaluleke kakhulu sifinyelela engezansi eMfuleni Yenisei. Itholakala ku Krasnodar esifundeni, okuyinto kusukela 1928 futhi nanamuhla main iphuzu enyakatho imikhumbi evela emhlabeni wonke.

irekhodi wezwe umnikazi

Yenisei River - ukuziqhenya Russia. Njalo isakhamuzi isetshenziswa kanye igama lalo emanzini lo epithet "baba." Ingumnikazi ngobukhulu umcengezi endaweni WaseRussia kanye lwesikhombisa phakathi izinhlelo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lokhu iribhoni okwesibhakabhaka usuka eningizimu kuya enyakatho, futhi abelana isiteshi salo yeSiberia kuya entshonalanga nasempumalanga.

Umsuka walo isiteshi kuthatha sokukhipha Yenisei Greater futhi Lesser, e- dolobha yeRiphabhuliki ezikude zaseTuva - Kyzyl. Qeda emfuleni 3487 km kusuka leli phuzu, ngesikhathi ogwini loLwandle iCaspian.

Namuhla, lesi simiso yindawo ekahle kubalulekile lokuthumela Russian. Mfula has a kweshumi marinas yesimanje. Imbobo esisenyakatho phezu Yenisei River, Igarka, kuthatha ngisho nemikhumbi zasolwandle.

igama imfihlo

Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu abahlukahlukene ukuhlonipha yobukhulu lokhu kugeleza. Ngamunye imindeni, okuyinto wahlala phezu kwaleli chibi, narekat ebantfu efanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, Evenki wamnika igama "Une", okusho ukuthi "amanzi enkulu".

Chum, owayehlala kula masimu kamuva bamukela igama. Kodwa imithetho yabo ukuze igama ke kwadingeka ukwengeza eside kwendawo. Ngakho-ke, kuze kube nomunye elithi "Une" (okusho ukuthi "umfula") usejoyine "ses" bomdabu (ephinde Kuzwakala kuyisixazululo "amanzi enkulu"). Umphumela wabizwa ngokuthi "UNEG", okuyinto ukuhumusha ngqo kusuka zezigodi ezimbili ezihlukene kusho "umfula umfula."

Ekhulwini XVI, kepha kungekho muntu owayengase ukuqagela ukuthi kuyoba yindawo ekulu eMfuleni Yenisei. Abantu ababehlala kulezi osogwini olusenyakatho, ukubhekana kuphela ukudoba.

discoverers

Sebenzisa emfuleni njengoba mfula waqala Cossacks. Kwabe sekufika Ukukhuluma ebhaliwe yokuqala ke ukuthi esukela emuva ekupheleni kwekhulu XVI. Ngo 1601 Kondraty Kurochkin wenza incazelo enabile ngale ndawo.

Encwadini yakhe ethi, waphawula ukuthi isiteshi ofanele hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi bedoba kodwa ukuthutha. Ngemva kokusho lokhu, phezu lomfula, omunye ngemva komunye yaqala ukubonakala zokuhlala. Phakathi neminyaka embalwa eyalandela, noma iliphi idolobha ukuthi basekhona. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke - Yeniseisk futhi Krasnoyarsk. Kukhona futhi zakha nezimbobo esisempumalanga yoMfula Yenisei.

I lokuthumela ayenziwa eminyakeni. Ngu ekuqaleni XX leminyaka imikhumbi 26 baxoshwe emfuleni. Kodwa amagagasi waya ukuhweba hhayi kuphela imikhumbi yezimpahla. Ngamaholide phezu kwamanzi ukubhukuda uhambo zikebhe, esasingesikaSimoni ayehloselwe yazi wonke umuntu kanye izikhumbuzo ubunjalo bendawo.

Cossacks singambonga hhayi kuphela kuqale ibhizinisi lokuthumela elisemcengezini, kodwa futhi ukwethulwa igama, okuyinto besikhathi sakhe zisekhona. Kamuva Ukuthuthwa igama lendawo "UNEG" waqala umsindo ngesiRashiya ngokuthi "Yenisei".

Insumansumane esemqoka yedolobha

Imbobo lokuqala eMfuleni Yenisei Yakhiwa ngaphansi kobuholi amandla abasha baseSoviet. Yokupaka izimoto itholakala edolobheni Igarka.

I ngomlando walo mzana kuhlobene eduze kwamanzi. Nge lesi sici, kanye negama lomuzi kwaba. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, igama lakhe kuleli zwe yazuza ngemva strait, esemgwaqweni.

Pond yena, yaqanjwa umdobi wendawo Yegor Shiryaev. Le ndoda yayinemibuzo inkazimulo umzingeli onekhono nomuntu sikufisela inhlanhla. Omakhelwane ngokuthi indoda uthando Igarka. Ukuze inkazimulo umdobi ngobuciko futhi waphila, isidlaliso sakhe owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi strait. Nakuba ubufakazi obubhalwe ekule nguqulo alikho, uthando wendawo kwale nganekwane.

Leli zwe kuqale ukuvela imephu 1725. Umniningwane ungenisa forwarders Strait Fedor Minin futhi Chariton Laptev e 1740-m. Ngaleso sikhathi nsimu ngamamitha ambalwa kuphela.

Indlela waduma

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-150 kamuva, okungukuthi ngo-1876, isintu saqala ukuhlola Northern uMzila Wasolwandle. Imikhumbi ukuthi wafika, zithululwe izimpahla ngqo ebhange, lolo ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa wakhonza njengomdala port ngokurhaba eMfuleni Yenisei. Ngaphezu kokuba endaweni lapho kukhona izitsha eboshelwe babe ukusetshenziswa kancane ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla, kanjalo laba imisebenzi zenzeka ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile, uma udlulisa izimpahla elahlekile emanzini. Kwakukhona izimo lapho izinduna, hhayi elinde mahele futhi umfula izikebhe ngomkhumbi.

ukwakhiwa port, okungase kuthathe nangemikhumbi eminingi kudingeka. Ngo-1923, uhlaziyo Imizamo yokuqala ukuze lelisu design. marina Okokuqala wazama ukuhlela e Ust-Port. Phakathi nomsebenzi we-amatilosi waqaphela ukuthi indawo lalingelihle ukuba kuhlalwe.

Kamuva, bahlela ukuqala ukusebenza e imbobo Angutinskoy. Kodwa lezi izinhlelo wahlulwa induna ngesitimu "Tobol" PF Ocheretko, ahlinzekwa ukwakha isikhala seso enyakatho phezu Yenisei e Igarka imbobo.

Kusukela nomzana marina kazwelonke

Lesi sinqumo kwakungelona nokuguqulwa. Mariner kahle aziwayo futhi lezi pre-kulinganiswa amanzi ukujula. Imiphumela, ayamukela, bathunyelwa "Sibvodput".

Eceleni umsebenzi onjiniyela uqalise. Sekuyisikhathi eside ayehlola strait futhi wanikeza okubuyayo. Ngemva ukutadishwa iphrojekthi esizayo, ochwepheshe kuzovumela ukwakha eduze nedolobha Igarka.

Juni 15, iziphathimandla 1929 kokumvumela olusemthethweni ukuze kwakhiwe. Le phrojekthi kwaba yeSoviet uhlelo lweminyaka emihlanu, olungena on iminyaka 1928-1932. Ngakho yokuqala enkulu lesoeksportny itheku elisogwini Yenisei wavuswa.

Ngemva kokuqala ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi isibalo sabantu. Kakade ngo-1931 inani abakhileyo safinyelela 3000. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho into wanikezwa isimo edolobheni. Ngokuba ukuthuthukiswa omakhelwane entsha phansi iqondiswe sezombusazwe, sezempi nezinye iziboshwa. Kuyinto izindawo zabo ezintsha kwakhiwa. Pier uye wasebenza ngenkuthalo ne ivolumu traffic luyanda njalo ngonyaka. Ihamba abasuka emazweni angaphezu kwangu-20 ahlukahlukene babuzwe lo eboshelwe nganeno. Khona-ke, emzini onechweba phezu Yenisey yazuza notoriety ulwandle amasango okuholela Europe.

inkathi ukwehla

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi marina waqala njengendlela into lesoeksportny eU.SSR ayehlela ezinkulu endaweni. Ngo-1956, uhulumeni bezazisa uhlelo wokuvelela kabusha umuzi. Le nto akufanele igcine ngokuba isikhungo zasolwandle kodwa futhi zezimboni.

Ngo-1962, kugadla inhlekelele e Igarka. umlilo Kubi ashisiwe amakhulu ezindlu emhlabathini. Noma kunjalo, kodwa yabuye yakhiwa kabusha kusuka ekuqaleni.

Edolobheni kwadingeka eziningi izimboni ukubhekisiswa izinkuni. imikhiqizo yabo edonsa imikhumbi yangaphandle yayingavunyelwe ukusebenzisa more and more. Ezikhathini kangcono, ichweba ulwandle phezu Yenisei nje kuthatha cishe 25 imikhumbi emikhulu ethwala impahla. Ezinye izindaba zika-imikhiqizo bathunyelwa phansi kude umfula.

Ngu yobuningi bomsebenzi Igarka yesibili kuphela omunye umuzi imikhumbi - Arkhangelsk.

Manje umfutho walento curled. 2015 labantu ngokulambisa 5,000, kuyilapho sibalo wema ngasemnyango cishe 20 000 ngo-1989.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, Igarka ongaba nentshisekelo izivakashi.

pilgrimage iphuzu

Bheka ekusithekeni isikhathi ukusiza Museum of Iqhwa, okuyinto Itholakala Krasnoyarsk Territory. Kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kuphela emgodini ojulile emhlabathini eqandisiwe.

Emuva ngo-1930, indawo lapho namuhla eyinkimbinkimbi itholakala, kwaba laboratory zesayensi. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, okungukuthi 19 Mashi 1965, omunye amahholo isikhungo uvulekele umphakathi. Kwathi isinyathelo Dr. Mineralogical Sciences Alexander Pchelintseva.

Okwavelela eziyinkimbinkimbi kukhona ziphephile zayo kuphela, futhi inqubo ukuzithoba kwabo. Zonke amakamelo zitholakala endaweni amamitha angu-14 ukujula. Ngakho izinga lokushisa zokhahlamba kusuka -5 ukuba -60 degrees. udonga Sectioned - a imilayezo ekheniwe kusukela esikhathini esidlule. Basuke walondoloza ngokuphelele amaqabunga izihlahla ukuthi okuhlumayo emhlabathini mayelana 50 000 edlule.

Port phezu Yenisei ukuba Museum of eyiqhwa Ungase futhi ukutshela ngomlando ezweni lakubo. Kanjani kulomhlaba Abantu kuqala ukuthi ukwakha kanjani leli koloni, kanjani omunye marinas enkulu, iziqondiso angakutshela ngokuningiliziwe. Kukhona nemibukiso ukuthi atshele indaba edabukisayo yokucindezelwa nokushushiswa zezombusazwe kuleli dolobha.

Ezivakashela kule Museum, unekhono uthinte eside esidlule.