Imithombo izimbangela inhlabathi ukusilaphazeka. Izinhlobo zenhlabathi ukungcoliswa kanye nemiphumela imvelo

Soil - a imithombo yemvelo neyigugu. Okungukuthi, linganikeza umuntu nazo zonke ezidingekayo izinsiza ukudla. Abangenalwazi abanganaki umsebenzi womuntu - izimbangela eziyinhloko inhlabathi ukusilaphazeka.

Izinhlobonhlobo yabantu nokuwohloka kwemvelo

inhlabathi ukungcola kungenzeka kube amakhemikhali noma ngokomzimba. Noise, vibration, ensimini kagesi, ionizing emisebeni ye izinto radioactive, emisebeni ezishisayo - kuba ukungcoliswa ngokomzimba noma amandla ukuthi zenzeka ngenxa yezenzo zesintu. Usuku ngalunye oludlulayo kwandisa futhi ezihlukahlukene amabhizinisi amasha ezimbonini kanye ezokuthutha, umkhakha zamakhemikhali. Amakhemikhali kwezolimo kungaholela unomphela yabantu nokuwohloka kwemvelo. Izimbangela inhlabathi ukungcoliswa - kuyinto ezihlukahlukene amakhemikhali noma xenobiotics atholakale emhlabathini esebenzisa gaseous, liquid okuqinile imfucuza kwekhabhoni.

Imithombo eyinhloko nokungcoliswa inhlabathi

Minyaka yonke, isimo kwemvelo uwohloka ngenxa nokucekelwa yabantu imvelo kuleli zwe. Ochwepheshe ulungise amazinga esibucayi ukuthi iphakeme kakhulu kunanoma imikhawulo kuvunyelwe. Inani elikhulu amabhizinisi kanye nezimboni ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana emkhathini igesi, aerosol, nezinye particulates elimazayo. Ubukhulu lokhu kungcola - lesifunda kanye lendawo.

Bayanda emadolobheni nasemadolobhaneni kungabonwa silahlwe amachibi, uketshezi-encibilikayo kanye compounds zingaxazululeki. Ngaphezu kwakho konke okungenhla kwekhabhoni emkhathini ukufinyelela i-pair of acid yezimbiwa, ezihogelwayo - konke lokhu kubangela ukungcola inhlabathi.

Umthelela emvelweni

Kuvele uhlobo ebalulekile edingekayo yokuba loyimvelo - umhlaba. Nge Ukuwohloka njalo inhlabathi ebanjwa njalo ngonyaka, kuncike ezicini zemvelo kanye yabantu. Ezolimo kakhulu inomthelela isimo jikelele inhlabathi, okubangela ukuguguleka komhlabathi, ukungcola, Ukuwohloka, inhlabathi acidification, alkalinization, waterlogging, nokucekelwa futhi gleying.

ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kwenhlabathi - lokhu liyindaba esemqoka ukuthi ubhekwa emihlanganweni ngokwesayensi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amathonya yabantu kungathinta ngokuphelele zonke izingxenye geosystems. Isimo isiyonke ikhava inhlabathi omubi amathonya wehlise endaweni ukuthi ugajwe uhlaza ngayo izinto ezakhiwe imvelo. Indoda ingena esikhundleni ke agrocenoses. Ukulima Permanent kungaholela ukuqedela ukunyamalala izimila kanye nezinguquko kule izingxenye amanzi ibhalansi. Le nqubo kwenzeka ngenxa ukwanda share jikelele surface ukwehla nokugeleza kwawo. Ngemva kwalokho kungaba ukwandisa ukuguguleka komhlabathi, izinguquko zenzeka isimo somhlabathi, futhi ziwohloka izakhiwo zalo eziyisisekelo aqueous nokungokwenyama. Ngenxa izinsimbi ezisindayo futhi ehlupheka zonke izimila.

Ukuba nomoya onamandla futhi njalo, izimo zezulu ne enganele umswakama ukusebenza ngenkathi, ukubhujiswa izimila zemvelo ngenxa yokushisa okukhulu - konke ukungcola kwemvelo kwenhlabathi.

Imiphumela yokungcola uwoyela yekhava umhlaba

Lapho inhlabathi iza petroleum hydrocarbon, kakhulu imiphumela engemihle kungabonwa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ezindaweni lapho kukhona yokucwenga namafutha ukukhiqizwa olunzulu, izakhiwo ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali phansi ngokushesha ishintsha.

inhlabathi avamile uwoyela elinegciwane kungaholela yokuthi isixazululo inhlabathi ngeke bayeke maqondana alikhali. Ngokuvamile kungabonakala nasemkhakheni enanini carbon okuqukethwe ingqikithi. Ungakhohlwa mayelana noshintsho olukhulu esimweni sezindawo morphological emhlabeni, okuyinto ukuqinisa kutanoobrazovaniya. Ngemva kungenzeka ushintsho umbala izici iphrofayli umhlabathi, kanye Ukuwohloka kumiswa iyiphi kwezimila.

Ongoti nososayensi bakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi uwoyela elinegciwane - kuba negalelo elinamandla futhi obucayi loyimvelo emelelwa. Khona-ke ukubuyela zisesimweni esihle, kungathatha iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi.

Ukonakala okungenziwa inhlabathi amakhemikhali

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla ithuthuka ngokushesha kakhulu ukuqiniswa zobuchwepheshe, okuyinto nakanjani kunomthelela ukungcoliswa dehumification umhlaba. Ngakho kukhona usawoti yesibili, kanye ezihlukahlukene ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi.

Ikhava umhlaba iqukethe izinsimbi kanye zinambuzane, kodwa ngenxa ukuphatha kabi kanye nokuphathwa abanganaki emakamu yayo yalezi izinto kungase kukhule izikhathi eziningana. inhlabathi amakhemikhali angcolise zihlanganisa kwekhabhoni imoto qeda amagesi, okwenza umquba Umanyolo nokuningi. Ngenxa ukuxhumana izinkomba inhlabathi chemical izinsimbi zemvelo ezifana phambili, mercury cadmium nethusi, kwandisa izikhathi eziningana.

Ochwepheshe batusa ukusetshenziswa control inkathazo izindlela organic kuphela, yemvelo nezinto eziphilayo. Lezi zihlanganisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zofuzo, yemvelo chemical compounds. Kuphela kutfotjelwa yonke imithetho inhlabathi ukungcoliswa ngeke kwenzeke amakhemikhali. Kuyadingeka ukuba sicabangele!

ukungcola yabantu kwenhlabathi

imithombo yabantu komhlaba nokucekelwa kukhona izinto zokubhala, futhi okungezona umile. Kuyaphawuleka lapha ukuthi zihlanganisa ezimbonini kanye nezolimo. Ososayensi baye bathola ukuthi le kwezomnotho, likhaya amandla insiza iningi amacala kuyimithombo ezenziwe umuntu.

Uma kubhekwa ngasohlangothini yemakhono umthelela emvelweni futhi umhlaba, ukungcola eyenziwe inhlabathi zingahlukaniswa zibe global, zezifunda kanye lendawo. izimoto Ucingo okuyinto siyekele semali qeda amagesi kungathinta isimo jikelele ikhava inhlabathi.

Umthelela zinambuzane isimo phansi emhlabeni wanamuhla

Zinambuzane ayizakhi kakhulu organic kuphela. Banezinhliziyo isisindo encane ezinto ezahlukene solubility amanzi. Kuleli zwe lanamuhla, inhlabathi owalandela zinambuzane elulaza ke. Lapha ukuhamba izinto okwethulwa izitshalo noma imvelo kungenzeka.

imithi yokubulala izinambuzane Soil ukungcoliswa kwenzeka uma inani elikhulu organic compounds eseke wangena phansi. Kungase ahlale khona isikhathi eside ngemva isicelo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zinambuzane zingase zihlanganise lahlukene amakhemikhali ezahlukene ukuthi zenzelwe ukubhekana izilwane nezitshalo.

Njengoba ubona, izimbangela inhlabathi ukungcoliswa kungaba nhlobonhlobo. Abanye abantu musa noma ucabange ukuthi izenzo zabo ayethanda ngezinye izikhathi zibulale izinsiza ezinjalo ezibalulekile ezifana nokutholakala komhlaba.