Khatyn: umlando emzaneni Belarusian kwenhlekelele

Umlando ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, ngeshwa, ecebile nezenzakalo ezibuhlungu ezihambisana nokubulawa abangenasihe izakhamuzi. Idolobhana Khatyn, indaba kokubhujiswa kwalo zisekhona ezisenkumbulweni abantu Belarusian njengoba isenzo Amazing ubugebengu obenziwa esintwini. very scary ... scary ... Kungaba siphile Khatyn inhlekelele ... Umlando uzobe kafushane ezinikezwe kulesi sihloko.

Khatyn: ngubani ashisiwe?

Umlando, ikakhulukazi zikhathi eyindida ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union ngokuvamile kakhulu kuba isihloko IMIBONO izinhlangano zezombusazwe ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, inguqulo emzaneni Belarusian ka Khatyn yayishiswa muva ngo Abashisekeli bezwe lase-Ukraine abalwé Red Army. Yiqiniso, inguqulo ngamunye unelungelo ukuba sibe khona, kodwa amaqiniso angokomlando ukukhombisa groundlessness kwalokhu kukhululwa. Iqiniso lokuthi amaqembu athile UPA (Battalion "Nachtigall", "SS-Galicia") Empeleni alwa ohlangothini amaNazi, kodwa ukuthi amaqembu Abashisekeli bezwe lase-Ukraine kule ndawo kwaba ezingenakuqondakala obungazazi.

Ngakho, akukho ezinye izinketho, ngaphandle ukusho ukuthi edolobhaneni Khatyn yayishiswa amaJalimane namaphoyisa.

Izimbangela angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa Khatyn

Ngobusuku obandulela le ngeshwa usuku edabukisayo Mashi 22, 1943 edolobhaneni waselala lamabutho engabandlululi. Ngo uqobo ngaleli qiniso kungase enrage amaNazi namaphoyisa. Ngemva kokuchitha ubusuku, abashokobezi wathutha ekuseni bebheke emzaneni Pleskovic. Lapha kulapho umcimbi kwenzeka okudale ukunyamalala emzaneni phansi nge amabalazwe. Endleleni, abashokobezi yethu bangqubuzana neqembu amaphoyisa, nabo babehamba izikhulu isiJalimane, kuhlanganise ingqwele yama-Olympic ngo-1936, Hans Velke. Kwakhala, kuyilapho abashokobezi wakhe futhi wabulala amaJalimane amaningi, kuhlanganise nezikhulu. Phakathi kwabashonile kwaba wathi iqhawe-Olympic.

Yiqiniso, abashokobezi wayenza okulungile, ukuthi wahileleka empini nale lamabutho, ngoba ukushayisana ngqo isitha ngendlela ehlukile ukuba baziphathe akunakwenzeka. AmaJalimane wababona, okungukuthi umyalo lwamaNazi Kwathi endaweni kukhona ihlukane esikhulu engabandlululi. imiyalezo enjalo ngokuvamile kuyoholela i okubi kakhulu isimo endaweni zensimu, lapho abashokobezi ziye zabonakala.

Lokho necebo amaJalimane?

Okunjalo sibambe amaqembu yabashokobezi ngokuvamile yaphela nge hlungu Isikhala ezungezile lamalokishi ukushayisana. Itholiwe emphini futhi lesi sigameko ngokushesha pomyanuv efile, amaJalimane ngokushesha ngaqala ecabanga yokuziphindiselela. Kulesi squad German kwenzeka ukuba omunye ngesihluku kakhulu ingajezisa German - Sturmbannführer SS ukuthi angazibulali. Ngakho-ke, elithambile-isinqumo engalindelekile. AmaJalimane nganquma ukwenza ngabo indlela evamile: ashise eziseduze yamuva impi indawo. Baphenduka ukuba edolobhaneni Khatyn, umlando lapho inhlekelele is emhlabeni wonke ophucukile eyaziwa, futhi iyisibonelo bugebengu abesabekayo wobushiqela German obenziwa esintwini sisonke abantu Belarusian, ngokukhethekile.

Kanjani Ukubulawa kwabantu ngobuningi?

Idolobhana Khatyn - idolobha elincane eBelarus. AmaJalimane walibhubhisa Mashi 22, 1943. Izakhamuzi ekuseni ngalolo suku wasukuma futhi waqala ukwenza ensimini yakhe, ngaphandle kokwazi lutho ngalokho ngoba iningi lazo lokhu kuzoba usuku lokugcina empilweni. amabutho aseJalimane uvele emzaneni ngokungalindelekile. Iqiniso lokuthi kwenzeke, abakhileyo sobala kanjani lapho beqala ukushayela kunokuba endaweni evamile umhlangano, futhi esibayeni ayengaphansi ipulazi ngokuhlanganyela (endleleni, eminye imithombo ube ulwazi esibayeni kwakungelona epulazini, futhi omunye izakhamuzi Khatyn Iosifa Kaminskogo). Isihe ithole akekho, ngenxa yokuthi ngashushisa ngisho abantu abagulayo bengasazi ukuvuka embhedeni. Ngokuhamba abantu abanjalo amambuka zihlukunyezwa ngisho phambi esivuthayo, ngoba zonke indlela abantu abagulayo ukuze nichithe amagalelo ephelezelwa isibhamu zikagwayi ngemuva. Bantwana beba yizisulu. Ngokwesibonelo, isakhamuzi Khatyn Ukholo Yaskevich kwaholela esibayeni nendodana yakhe ngezingalo zakhe. Wayengumuntu amasonto 7 ubudala! Bangaki abaneminyaka babulawa umlilo undlovukayiphikiswa ...

Ngakho, amaJalimane babanjwa wonke umuntu kulelo dolobhana esibayeni, umnyango esibayeni savalwa futhi bolted. Khona-ke, emhlabeni azungezwe esibayeni wabeka utshani entabeni futhi ngomlilo. Chitha ngokuqinisekile kwaba sokhuni yalo ivuthe umlilo cishe ngokushesha. amathuba Yabantu ukuze sisinde kule umlilo babe sakugcina ngoba esibayeni linezingxenye ezintathu ahlukaniswa ngodonga lwamapulangwe eyenziwe izingodo obukhulu. Njalo is isiphetho esidabukisayo emzaneni othiwa Khatyn. Ubani washisa edolobheni manje, ngethemba, kuyacaca ... ukuhlaziya yonke imithombo kungenzeka, kuhlanganise amadokhumenti lempi German kanye namaphephandaba yaseSoviet yokuthuthela isikhathi, ngakho umzila German nje esobala.

Bangaki abantu bafa?

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngaphambi kwempi, umuzi waba izindlu 26 ezaziwayo. Ngokusekelwe yokuthi eziningi imikhaya ngokuya yesimanje kwakuyizingane ezingaphansi eziningi, kuba nokwenzeka ukubala ukuthi labantu emzaneni kungaba abantu abangaba ngu-200 noma ngaphezulu. Ngokufanayo, ukuthi inani efile, ngisho nanamuhla, akunakwenzeka, ngoba imithombo ehlukene ukunikeza ulwazi okuphikisana nomunye. Ngokwesibonelo, amaJalimane zithi abantu 90 abulawe. Emaphephandabeni ezinye Soviet wabhala ukuthi Khatyn ngomzana, indaba le nhlekelele zazo eyayaziwa kulo lonke elase-USSR, walahlekelwa abantu 150. Cishe, lesi sibalo wesibili sinembe kakhulu. Kodwa kunoma isiphi isimo siba esikhathini esizayo esiseduze cishe wazi kahle indlela abantu abanengi bafa edolobhaneni: umlando, mhlawumbe kanye ukuze ithe i kule nhlekelele. Singabantu kahle ukuthi fikisa us closer iqiniso kungenziwa kuphela igodi esizeni kwamalangabi.

Kusho ukuthini ukuba basinde lapho Katyn?

Wonke umuntu othanda ukuphila futhi silwela ukuphila futhi isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka ukukhulisa izingane zabo. Abantu bashisa esibayeni, elwela ngokwabo. Babazi ukuthi ngisho noma ukuphatha ukubaleka ke ematfuba sokusinda liphansi, kodwa wonke umuntu wayefuna ukubaleka babaleke ehlathini kusukela undlovukayiphikiswa amachashazi izibhamu. Izakhamuzi ephethwe waklebhula emnyango elachitheka, futhi abanye babo bakwazi uphelelwa endle. Isithombe Kwakwethusa: abantu ukushiswa ku nezingubo zabo efana nokugijima ngokusebenzisa umlilo ensimini. Punishers ukubona ukuthi lezi hatyntsy abampofu bagwetshelwe ukufa evutha, kodwa namanje badutshulwa ngezibhamu.

Ngenhlanhla, ezinye izakhamuzi Khatyn ngasinda. Izingane ezintathu ngokuvamile wakwazi sigweme ukuphindaphinda amaphutha elachitheka futhi fihla ehlathini. Ngabo aba oonyana omkhaya Yaskevich (Vladimir futhi uSophia, kokubili ingane ezalwe ngo-1930) no-Aleksandru Zhelobkovich ontanga yabo. briskness Desperate nesivinini esasindisa ukuphila kwabaningi babo ngalolo suku.

okungaye esibayeni Of futhi ngasinda ngisho 3 abantu: umnikazi we "igazi elichithiwe" Iosif Kaminský, Baranovsky Anton (iminyaka engu-11) futhi Zhelobkovich Victor (iminyaka 8). Izindaba ukuhlengwa kwabo kufana, kodwa okuthe ukuhluka kancane. Kaminský wakwazi ukuphuma esibayeni, lapho abantu bendawo wadiliza umnyango. Kwakuthinta cishe yonke ashisiwe, ngokushesha ngaquleka futhi ephaphama ebusuku lapho lo mkhankaso ingajezisa kwase kuyisikhathi ngahamba emzaneni. Vitya Zhelobkovich unina wamsindisa, ngoba lapho saphelelwa esibayeni, wayemhlonipha ke phambi kwakhe. Badutshulwa yakhe emhlane. Njengoba base bethole isilonda ofayo, wathi mbo indodana yakhe, walimala engalweni ngesikhathi esifanayo. Victor isilonda kungaba ukuzabalaza kuze kube yilapho amaJalimane ukuhamba, futhi sondela them izakhamuzi esigodini esiseduze. Anton Baranovsky walimala emlenzeni, wawa phansi, wazishaya efile.

umlando Khatyn wabhubhisa ingajezisa

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziningi kangakanani izikhulu izisulu, kufanele kubhekwe izingane eziningi ongakazalwa. Chaza-ke ngokuningiliziwe. Ngokusho idatha esemthethweni, esibayeni yayishiswa izingane 75. Ngamunye wabo, uma besaphila, ngokunengqondo umuntu wayengeke abe nezingane. Njengoba kufuduka phakathi nemizana ngaleso sikhathi yayingekho okumatasa, kungenzeka, imikhaya yayihlangana ukudalwa phakathi kwazo. lenkaba Soviet ilahlekelwe cishe 30-35 cell emphakathini. Umkhaya ngamunye bebengaba izingane eziningana. Kuyadingeka ukuba sicabangele ukuthi esibayeni eshile ngokuqinisekile amantombazane asemancane (guys bonke wathumela ibutho), okungukuthi, ukulahlekelwa okukhulu sabantu kungaba olukhudlwana.

isiphetho

Imemori ye emizaneni eminingi Ukraine futhi Belarusian, kuhlanganise edolobhaneni ezifana Khatyn, omlando wakhe yaphela Mashi 22, 1943, ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele baphile emphakathini. Ezinye amabutho yezombangazwe, kuhlanganise ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, bezama ukuchaza ezinye izinto ezivelile ubugebengu amaNazi. Akufanele uye ngemva amabutho neo-undlovukayiphikiswa, ngoba nobuNazi nemibono yayo ngeke eziholela nokuhlalisana libekezelela mazombe.