Nokugqumisa njengoba kukhona morgue? nokugqumisa abafileyo

Esikhathini esidlule 10 edlule, abantu baye baba namathuba amaningi okuthi ukufuna usizo kulabo bamgqumisa izihlobo zabo ezase zishonile. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba le nqubo kusisiza ukuba silondoloze evamile umbala kwesikhumba, ayinikezi i nephunga edabukisayo. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko kuzoxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe ngesenzakalo esibizwa ngokuthi ukugqumisa, kanjani inqubo umzimba ukulondolozwa kanye nokongiwa izindlela okuyinto zikhona ngaso sonke. Nokho siyazi ukuthi economized umholi oshonile yesigaba sabasebenzi - V I. Lenina - ngo-1924.

okusho

Ukugqumisa Isidumbu - inqubo ethile okuhloswe ngaso ekulondolozeni kwenkathi ethile evulekile isikhumba esifile. ukuphathwa ngendlela ekhethekile ijwabu oshonile kuvimbela nokucekelwa yabo. Ngenxa yalesi inkimbinkimbi ezigcina umzimba owawubhalwe ngaso ngokwanele eside.

izindlela

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukugqumisa, kuzomele uqale uthole ukuthi yini izindlela enza le nqubo. Namuhla siyazi 4 ongakhetha:

1. reception Cavernous.
2. Ukujova ngomuthi.
3. Surface reception.
4. Arterial noma ukulondolozwa semithambo.

ethola ingaphakathi

Kulokhu, ukusingatha izibilini isidumbu, ngoba iqala noqhekeko yabo okusheshayo emzimbeni. Kukhona izindlela ukucutshungulwa ezimbili: wokubhoboza futhi indlela ukusika. Esimweni sokuqala punctures lwenziwa ku besisu, kanye ngamunye ingaphakathi pleural. Lo chwepheshe kwenza umjovo bese uthela isixazululo isinqandakuvunda emgodini. Jwayelekile umthamo woketshezi ivela 1.5 kuya 2.5 amalitha.

Manje halamuzi kanjani umzimba nokugqumisa imbobo indlela: eyenziwa notch ezincane nokuwela odongeni kwamathumbu ngqo ngaphakathi komgodi. Le ndlela isetshenziswa uma udinga zokuthutha eside woshonile, kanye elibi iqalile, noma uma yamafutha amaningi emzimbeni.

umjovo nokongiwa

Le ndlela wenziwa njalo ne wokubhoboza. Lokho, kukhona kokuziphatha (impregnation) kwezicubu ezithambile we ubuso, intamo kanye izandla solution ekhethekile isinqandakuvunda. Isebenzisa esincane uketshezi, kanye uchwepheshe phakathi naleyo nqubo kwenza massage ukukhanya, ezidingekile uyakulondoloza is ngokulinganayo basakaza.

ebusweni ukugqumisa

Wenziwa esimweni lapho isidumbu umonakalo ecacile ebonakalayo noma ukulimaza esikhumbeni. Khona-ke emzimbeni ezigcotshwe nge ekwakhiweni ekhethekile uketshezi, kanye tanatogel.

Arterial noma ukulondolozwa semithambo

Kanjani nokugqumisa kulesi simo? Isixazululo of laqanjwa ethize iqondiswa nge ohlelweni lwemithambo yegazi. Le ndlela ivumela ukuba alondoloze isidumbu e isikhathi eside kakhulu. Nokho, le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu akuvamile, futhi ngeke bakwazi ukwenza sezifo ngamunye, ngoba le ndlela kuyinto kunalokho xaka.

ukugqumisa Intravascular: izigaba

Le ndlela zemizimba ekulondolozeni ithandwa kakhulu futhi agcinwe oda elandelayo:

1. umjovo Umhlinzi wenziwa.
2. ingaphakathi Kukhanseliwe.
3. Sifaka isixazululo phakathi izicubu zomzimba ezithambile.

izixazululo Basic esetshenziselwa imali umzimba

umuntu nokugqumisa kabani isithombe kungabonakala kulesi sihloko, wenziwa ngosizo uketshezi ekhethekile kukhona sihlukaniswe ku 4 izigaba:

1. Predinektsionnaya - kusiza ukukhulula isimiso semithambo yegazi yegazi, ukubuyisela umbala yesikhumba.
2. Predbalzamirovochnaya - ketshezi, okuyinto Lesisemkhatsini phakathi izigaba wokuqala nowesithathu. Le isixazululo iqukethe kuze ku-5% formalin.
3. Arterial nokugqumisa uketshezi - yakhiwa ngu-15% formalin, carbolic acid - kufike ku-20%, glutaraldehyde, ETHYL utshwala - 10% glycerin - 5% acetic acid - 0.5%, kanye Umbala ejenti, isibonelo, eosin futhi izidakamizwa elimnandi - up 0.5%.
4. Band nokugqumisa isixazululo - yakhiwa ilungu base kakhulu 30%, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ephakeme. Lo luketshezi futhi lokhu kuhluke kanjani ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni. Futhi ikhambi lalihlehliswa hhayi equkethe izithako yezimonyo.

Ilungiselela umzimba inqubo

Manje siyathola ngokuningiliziwe indlela ukugqumisa woshonile, kodwa ekuqaleni kunenhlangano owandulelayo inqubo, okuyinto kanje:

1. Ngaphambi umcimbi umufi khumula izingubo ngokugcwele futhi agqoke itafula ekhethekile. Yibeke ukuze ikhanda ingaphezu izitho ukuphumula.
2. ukucubungula umzimba kwenziwa magciwane. Ngenxa yalesi onguchwepheshe esebenzisa njengoba izimali woketshezi, aerosols. Zonke orifices zemvelo kamufi sisusiwe, base ichaze swab ukotini ofakwe magciwane.
3. Uchwepheshe ugeza ngokuphelele umzimba ngamanzi afudumele nensipho futhi amagciwane, kulandele omiswe yayo ephelele.
4. Izinwele Ukwelashwa. Abakwazi wageza noma ekuqaleni noma ekupheleni ngomuthi. izinwele Okwenziwe ngamanzi afudumele nensipho noma imoto.
5. umzimba ukushefa. Ukususwa kwezimiso izinwele ebusweni senziwa bebheke ukukhula kwabo.

ukupheka Basics

Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi igama elithi libhekisela babethatha izinsuku ezingako ukugqumisa. Njengoba le nqubo kwenzeka morgue, kwabaningi kuseyimpicabadala. Nokho, manje thina asembulele kwesihenqo imfihlakalo bese uzama ukuchaza kafushane yonke inqubo umcimbi. Ngakho, uchwepheshe wabe amaphuzu ayinhloko ngemva izinqubo wokulungiselela:

1. Embalmer ngempela uyawavala amehlo lomufi. Wenza kanjalo ngokucophelela okukhulu. Laphakade, uthambekela ehle futhi yakha umgodi, sichaza ucezu uhala, ngezinye izikhathi salokhu Uchwepheshe injongo isebenzisa cap plastic. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi Isivalo efile ithungwe, kodwa akunjalo. Lo chwepheshe umane ukunamathisela.
2. isisebenzi morgue uvala umlomo lomufi ngakho kangangokuthi kwakubonakala zemvelo. Futhi nje uma master kungaba thunga it noma ukusebenzisa injector ekhethekile.
3. Moisturize. Isazi smear ukhilimu kancane ku Isivalo nezindebe - ngakho-ke biyela them iphele ukuphuma futhi kunikeza inkulumo ngendlela engokwemvelo.

Icubungula imithambo

Lokho uqedele ukulungiselela eziyisisekelo ezifana umcimbi njengoba ngomuthi. is ekwelapheni imithambo kamufi kanjani? Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngezansi.

1. Uchwepheshe ukukhethela imbobo. Khona-ke, uchwepheshe ingena isixazululo ukugqumisa, Pumped ngegazi emithanjeni noma eyakhelene inhliziyo. Ukusetshenziswa ovamile 8 amalitha. Ingxube lalisetshenziswa njengesibhedlela isixazululo we-formaldehyde, amanzi namanye amakhemikhali.

2. embalmer wenza imbobo: amadoda - eduze sternum futhi clavicle imisipha; abesifazane - ethangeni. Uchwepheshe Oku ahlanze endaweni lapho Vienna, lihlaba ke bese ifaka ngamapayipi. Ukuze uvimbele uchwepheshe Umthambo isebenzisa esebenzisa kanye ngocingo eyeka ukugeleza kwegazi.

3. apharathasi yakhiwa kuchwepheshe ukuze nokugqumisa bese engena ketshezi. Kule nqubo, umsebenzi morgue massaging ophumayo esitho igazi, kanye nokwethulwa kwesixazululo. Lapho ketshezi ifinyelela imithambo, ingcindezi uya ngemithambo, okwakuyoholela bowuqonde esebenzisa ukunyakaza komzimba. izaziso Specialist emithanjeni convex. Ngezikhathi, uchwepheshe linikeza ukugeleza kwegazi ukuphuma ngokusebenzisa tube entanyeni.

4. emakhazeni isisebenzi kumele kuncishiswe ingcindezi kancane. Futhi lapho-20% kuphela ketshezi, ushukumisela cannula kwenye Umthambo. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze ketshezi ungakwazi ugcwalise zonke ngemithambo. ukuthini abantu nokugqumisa kanjani morgue, uma imbobo senziwa ethangeni? Khona-ke, le nqubo kungaphansi shin kwesokudla.

5. Uma umcimbi luphela, uchwepheshe uphendulela iyunithi off, kususa cannula futhi amabhandeshi zonke emithanjeni yegazi, okuyinto ziye zasetshenziswa. On ukusikeka yena ithungela.

nokugqumisa emizimbeni

1. Manje, onguchwepheshe lapho imithambo Ayekulungele iqala ukuhlanza esifubeni, isinye, ikholoni, nabanye. Ngenxa yale njongo, isisebenzi isebenzisa trocar.
2. I uchwepheshe kusukela esifubeni sucks ketshezi. Ukuze enze lokhu, ifaka trocar 5 cm kuya kwesokudla kanye at elifanayo ngenhla inkaba. Uchwepheshe kusula izitho eziyize: esiswini, amathumbu amancane amanyikwe.
3. Njengoba kwenzeka ukugqumisa abantu athe xaxa ukuthi? morgue isisebenzi okwengeziwe esusa ingaphakathi ephansi, abancela usiphule okuqukethwe ikholoni, kwesinye futhi kwesibeletho kwabesifazane. Ngakho ukuthi ketshezi aluphumeleli, ngezinye izikhathi le ingquza kanye sangasese sifakwe uvolo.
4. Khona-ke isisebenzi morgue ingena izidakamizwa cavernous. Kulokhu, uketshezi ngokuvamile yakhiwa 30% formaldehyde. Kungokufanayo kudingeka wenze elingenhla lezidumbu aphansi.
5. Isigaba sokugcina - uchwepheshe ukudansela isiginci sakhe trocar futhi usigcine Plastic isikulufa imbobo.

Ukunqunywa umzimba in the lomngcwabo

Ngemva kokufunda ulwazi mayelana nokulungiselela isidumbu ukuze singcwatshwe babe abantu curious akuseyona umbuzo: "Kwenzeka kanjani nokugqumisa ku morgue," Phela, yayibizwa echazwe ngokuningiliziwe ngenhla. Sekuyisikhathi bafunde ngezenzakalo zokugcina. Ngakho, ukulungiswa lokugcina isidumbu ukuze singcwatshwe izinto:

1. Ngemva kokwenza yonke imisebenzi isisebenzi morgue ugeza kude nomzimba igazi efile futhi amakhemikhali.
2. Isazi Ukunquma izinzipho zakho ongasekho, prichosyvaet izinwele zakhe, sebenzisa ukwakheka ukunikeza ubuso okukhulu kwemvelo.
3. Isisebenzi igqoka izingubo lomuntu oshonile.
4. Kuchaza umzimba in the lomngcwabo.

Njengoba bamgqumisa umholi we sabasebenzi emhlabeni?

Lenin wafa eminyakeni 91 edlule, kodwa umzimba wakhe alondolozwe ngokucophelela zonke kulokhu Mausoleum. kwaba edume kunazo zonke emhlabeni nokugqumisa kanjani? Ekuqaleni, odokotela bafuna ukusebenzisa indlela okokuqandisa. Nokho, indlela enjalo ekubulungeni umzimba okwakungafanele abe kuyo, njengoba aqala ukubola ngokushesha. Khona-ke ososayensi V Vorobiev noB Zbarskiy nobuchwepheshe bayo.

Ekuqaleni, ochwepheshe ikhishiwe ukusuka emzimbeni kukaLenin zonke okuqukethwe esifubeni esiswini, isuswe ugebhezi emiyalezweni yobuchopho. Khona-ke ofakwe wonke isixazululo umzimba formaldehyde. Futhi kulesi sigaba sabhekana nobunzima e ogelezayo nokumanzisa ubuchwepheshe. Ngokuvamile ukugqumisa ngokujova uketshezi ngokusebenzisa imithambo yegazi, kodwa kulokhu ngeke baye bakwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi. Ngakho-ke, izazi kwadingeka 3 ongakhetha: ukuhlonza umzimba egumbini lokugezela ne formalin; Ikhambi Ngaleso injected noma isicelo ihlelwe ngokulandelana kwezihloko. Futhi bakhetha ukhetho lokuqala. Umzimba lalikhungethwe okugeza iraba egcwele 3% isixazululo formalin. Njengoba sihambisana nale msebenzi kwenziwe ukuqeda iminonjana yokubola livelile. Odokotela ezishintshe umbala namachashaza izandla, ubuso ngosizo peroxide, kodwa umphumela wawungowesikhashana. Ngakho-ke, kwakudingeka athole enye indlela, benyuka nalo. Babephathana umzimba kuqala nge acetic acid, bese ungeza i-hydrogen peroxide kanye ammonia.

Esikhathini esithile ufile isixazululo formalin, bese wayiswa "ketshezi balsamic" okuyinto Wawugujelwani glycerol (65%) potassium acetate, kanye chloride quinine.

Kuze kube manje, kabili ngesonto, iqembu lososayensi kokwenza ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu, futhi njalo ngonyaka nengxenye behlola ke, esikhundleni isixazululo ngomuthi. By the way, namuhla ungathola ngisho ividiyo indlela ngomuthi. Lenin uhlole ngokucophelela, esikhundleni uketshezi lapho okuhlala itholakala, ingubo. Kodwa umbukwane akuyona eyethile inhliziyo, ngakho-ke kuhle ukucabangela uma ubheke amavidiyo.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi lokho ukugqumisa njengoba le nqubo ithatha indawo morgue: ongoti ezilungiselela umzimba ukwenza umsebenzi eziyisisekelo futhi awuqede. Siyaqonda ukuthi kukhona izindlela eziningana ukongiwa isidumbu, kanye ufunde indlela yokulungiselela ukulondolozwa kwesikhathi eside Lenin.