Amathuluzi Indian omculo: strings, zethusi, eshaywayo

umculo wendabuko kuthandwa kakhulu namuhla. Tune ngemibala kazwelonke zithandelana yesimanje, enika izingoma anencazelo ekhethekile kanye nokujula entsha. amathuluzi Indian omculo kaningi wezwa namuhla, hhayi kuphela e izenzakalo anikezelwe isimo lasendulo, kodwa futhi amakhonsathi ka abadumile. Mayelana nezici zabo futhi izindaba kanye kuzoxoxwa ngezansi.

umculo India

art Musical impucuko Indian busekelwe esidlule ejulile. isiqondiso Classical avela "Samaveda" noma "Veda Izingoma", omunye omdala azibhala amaVeda. Folk umculo yeNdiya has izici zayo siqu, kuye ngokuthi indawo nesenzakalo. Imikhuba eminingi amagatsha awo athandwa kakhulu namuhla.

Umculo we-classic kanye Folk of isimo ngesikhathi amaSulumane enqobe uMnyango ube usufaka ezinye emasikweni Arabhiya. Kamuva, ngesikhathi iBrithani, manje-ke lisungulwe ngokubhekelela izici isiko European.

I popularization zomhlaba

zomculo Indian ngokukhethekile, futhi umculo isimo lasendulo sisonke babé owaziwayo sibonga emhlabeni ukusetshenziswa kwabo abaculi ethandwayo. Omunye wabantu bokuqala eyakhuluma kuye e-Europe, baba amalungu abadumile Fab ezine. Dzhordzh Harrison esetshenziswa Indian Sitar izingoma e Izinkuni isiNorway (Le nyoni iye zafinyelela). Kuningi ukuba popularize isimo umculo ezenziwe futhi waseBrithani ongazazi izindlela lasendulo Dzhon Maklaflin. Wakhe jazz-Fusion ngokuvamile ehlotshiswe motifs Indian.

Lodumo isiko zomculo yezwe futhi waletha ukunyakaza eziningi emphakathini kwekhulu elidlule: hippie, New Age, nokunye. Futhi-ke, indima ebalulekile kulokhu kudlalwa yamabhayisikobho.

izinkomba ezimbili

Classical umculo Indian sehlukaniswe kwamagatsha amabili:

• Hindustani: eladabuka North India;

• Karnataka: kuvela eningizimu yeNdiya.

Ukuze ngamunye zindawo libhekene amathuluzi abo. Ukulandela emasikweni hindustani ngokuvamile kudlalwa Sitar, sarod, tanpura, bansuri, Tabla, sarangi neShen. Abaculi of South India baye basebenzisa wecala, longitudinal umtshingo noma umthambo gottuvadyam, mrdanga Kanjira, ghatam futhi violin. Ake ukugxila ezinye zalezi amathuluzi.

Indian Tabla sigubhu

Ithebula uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi olunye lwezimpawu umculo Indian. Lokhu kabili isigubhu usayizi encane, wasebenzisa ukugcizelela eziyisisekelo Ukwakheka Rhythmic kule hindustani amasiko. Umlando okuvela Tabla okungukuthi engaziwa. Kungenzeka, izici game phezu ithuluzi imininingwane yokulandelana kwayo ngokohlu kwakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa Indian, Persian kanye namanye amasiko.

Tabla siqukethe itolitji ezimbili, ezingafani ngobukhulu kanye nezici kwesakhiwo. I emikhulu yalezi ubizwa ngokuthi "Tabla", noma "Daya" noma "UDiane", noma "Dakhin". Yena ilungile njalo futhi has ezinye izici:

• ukuphakama ngokuvamile ifinyelela 30-36 cm;

• ifomu iyafana umgqomo ne Imi phezulu-15 cm ububanzi;

• kumiswa umzimba eziyize lisuselwa slotted workpiece lokhuni.

Kwesobunxele sigubhu ngokuthi "insangu", noma "Bayan", futhi kunabayeni ukuphakama ilungelo, kodwa okudlula ke ububanzi. Design Its libhekene izici ezilandelayo:

• ukuphakama okucishe 5 cm ngaphansana Dakhin;

• It sifana ukuma isitsha;

• wazenza ngethusi, nethusi noma ubumba;

• ezezindlu kanye eziyize.

Ulwelwesi kuwo womabili ohlangothini isibonisi is eyenziwe ngesikhumba futhi embozwe kwakwakhe ekhethekile kuthinta ngamazwi. Lokhu enamathela kudala ehlukile isici umsindo isibonelo ithuluzi, okwenza kube nezimo elisendaweni ephakeme, ashukumisayo futhi ngokomthetho.

Sitar enezici

Mhlawumbe kakhulu owaziwa Indian yomculo enezintambo zomculo - a Sitar, noma Sitar. Ukuyiphi lute, futhi uyakwazi ukudala umsindo Iphalethi eyingqayizivele, okuyinto zingakwazi ukufunda amathuluzi amaningi afanayo.

Thina Sitar eziyisikhombisa main intambo bese 11 kuya 13 ngaphezulu noma elalinembobo. Phakathi ukusebenza umculi isebenzisa izintambo oluyisisekelo umsindo zabo zisabela lonke. Ngenxa yalokho, umculo kuba okujule nakakhulu futhi enezici. Omunye Sitar ingafaniswa wonke-orchestra kule ndaba. Ukudlala kule yomculo enezintambo zisebenzisa umlamuleli ekhethekile - mizrab. Ngesimo kufana uzipho eside, yanamathela sakhe sokunene index ngomunwe.

Isici esiyinhloko we Sitar - the elalinembobo senziwa ithanga eliphakathi kwe emise. Ngokuvamile ithuluzi futhi uyonikezwa ingaphakathi ezengeziwe, okuyinto unamathele phezulu entanyeni.

Okucishe isakhiwo kuya Sitar is esraj, insimbi yomculo ngogubhu amabili. Ukuze uyidlale usebenzisa umnsalo. Nge Sitar wakhe amayunithi wezinhlamvu endaweni evamile. Estradzh umsuka kamuva kakhulu - iminyaka engaba ngu-200 edlule. isikhathi lesilinganisiwe ukubonakala Sitar - XIII leminyaka.

umtshingo kaKrishna

amathuluzi amaningi Indian omculo kunezimpande eminyakeni eminingi edlule. izithombe zabo zitholakala imifanekiso e imibhalo engcwele. Phakathi kwalezi amathuluzi bansuri umtshingo. Omunye ezahlukeneyo yayo ohlonishwa njengomholi ithuluzi, eyintandokazi unkulunkulu Vishnu.

Bansuri eyenziwe ngoqalo umoba. Insimbi eyisola izimbobo 6-7 kukhishwe imisindo, kanye 1-2 izimbobo ekupheleni ngomtshingo ukumisa. Kukhona longitudinal futhi transverse ithuluzi izinhlobo. Esokuqala kaningi lisetshenziswe folk. Kuyefana nasendleleni classical transverse umtshingo.

Ubude bansuri kuhluka 12 kuya 40 amasentimitha. Iningi ngokuvamile, 20-intshi umtshingo esetshenziswa. I bansuri eside, lokhu okulandelayo kungenziwa ezikhishwe kuzwakala. Njengomthetho, umdlalo kuhambisana ihambisana umtshingo, asetshenziselwa okuyinto kaningi kunabanye tampura (izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo efana Sitar, kodwa akanayo frets) kanye Tabla.

Kanjira

Esikhathini isiko South Indian phakathi kwezinye amathuluzi eshaywayo esetshenziswa Kanjira. Kuyinto isigubhu letinalokubalulekile izinkuni Jackfruit. Kanjira incane: ubukhulu - 17-19 cm, ukujula - 5-10 cm esisekelweni lokhuni ngesandla esiluliwe ulwelwesi of isibankwa isikhumba, kanye nezinye ivuliwe .. amapuleti Kanjira ohlangothini Uhlaka ezimbili metal obutholakala.

Lokhu abasha eshaywayo ithuluzi uvele ngaphambi 30s kwekhulu elidlule futhi avame ukusetshenziswa folk.

isigubhu engcwele

Bekanye Kanjira kungaba ngokuvamile ukuzwa futhi mrdanga. Lokhu eshaywayo ithuluzi efana isigubhu. I zenkolo simiso Bengali Vaishnavism kubhekwa engcwele.

Mrdangas izindlu ezenziwe ngobumba, ukhuni noma plastic. Inketho zokugcina - kuyinto ukuguqulwa zakamuva, ngokusho kongoti, akusiyo ukwazile ukwambula wonke amathuba sigubhu. Mrdangas ulwelwesi wenziwe inkomo lesikhumba noma izinyathi. Ngokwenkambiso, lezi zilwane kumele afe ukufa yemvelo. Ulwelwesi camera mrdangas Ukwakheka ekhethekile ehlanganisa ubumba, ufulawa irayisi kanye powder uhlobo oluthile itshe.

Amathuluzi namuhla isetshenziselwa isiko. Ukwakheka mrdangas sinenai engcwele.

Ithuluzi inyoka nomthwebuli

Enye insimbi yomculo ezithakazelisayo zomculo of India - kuyinto Punga. negekle Far esetshenziswa isihlobo kuya ezitaladini wezwe inyoka ebukekayo. Pung ine mklamo ongavamile. Isetshenziswa ixhunywe egumbini emoyeni, ngakolunye uhlangothi zazo ngemibhobho emibili ahlelwe. Kugcine eyenziwe imihlanga noma ukhuni. Ukuze isetshenziswa kanye emoyeni ekamelweni livame ukusetshenziswa obomile ithanga.

Ukuze kukhishwe melody kusuka Punga isebenzisa isu elikhethekile ukuphefumula okuqhubekayo. Umculi ukuthola umoya ngokusebenzisa ekhaleni futhi cishe ngokushesha ejects yi- nolimi kanye esihlathini ngomlomo ke.

Indian zomculo ezichazwe ngenhla do hhayi qeda ukwehluka ezikhona ekhulwini ensimini ka yasendulo isimo. Namuhla, iningi lazo ongeke ukwazi ingazwiwa okuqoshiwe abaculi Melika nawaseYurophu ethandwa. Umhlaba Umculo namuhla zithandelana ezihlukahlukene izitayela tetemibhalo, ebanikeza ukunambitheka ekhethekile. ENdiya, amathuluzi yendabuko akazange alahlekelwe lokuhambisana. Bayaqhubeka ingasetshenziswa kokubili ngamaholide futhi phakathi nezinkonzo. Ukufunda ukudlala zomculo ezifana ingadlulela emadolobheni amaningi ezweni lethu, kodwa othisha engcono awadluliseli kuphela amasu, kodwa futhi okuqukethwe zefilosofi, lisaphila India.