Njengoba izakhi esetshenziswa umzimba?

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi izakhamzimba ukudla esetshenziswa umzimba, ngaphezu kwalokho, sidinga replenishment zabo njalo. Kodwa lokho indima abayidlalayo, futhi hlobo luni ukudla aqukethe?

Kuzo zonke zikhona eziyisithupha izinhlobo izakhi ukuthi umzimba womuntu isebenzisa: amanzi, amaminerali, amavithamini, amaphrotheni, amafutha, carbohydrate. Lawa izakhi eziyinhloko ethathwe ukudla, okuyinto kusetshenziselwa ukulondoloza izicubu ukusebenza, izibuyekezo, amandla isizukulwane somsebenzi bokuphila nekulawulwa umzimba. Isidingo kubo nakho konke ukuphila, ne-ejenti ngamunye wenza imisebenzi ethile.

Lo mshini ukumuncwa kwezakhi umzimba

ukumuncwa izakhi kwenzeka kuphela ngemva eqhekeza, kungukuthi amuncwa ifomu okumsulwa. I-enzyme kugaywe seep ngokusebenzisa wokugaya ukudla ipheshana izindonga, engene ukusakaza igazi. Amaphrotheni, amafutha kanye carbohydrate ukunikeza umzimba ngophethiloli ngesimo kilojoule. Amanzi, amaminerali, amavithamini ukukhonza njengoba isakhiwo futhi okudlekayo ukuthi akuzona ezingabalulekile kangako.

amanzi

Lokhu kuphela jikelele iqhaza cishe zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile emzimbeni:

• Amanzi uyasondla amaseli, ukuvimbela nabo kusuka amanzi emzimbeni;
• uyisa izinto futhi hormone kuzo zonke izinhlaka;
• Amanzi kuyasiza ashise amanoni, kucutshungulwa amaseli ibe amandla; ukusetshenziswa kwalo eliningi eyanele kunciphisa esesuthi;
• Kuvuselela izinso;
• ukugaya kanye okukhipha umzimba udoti imikhiqizo kwenziwe konemimoya ketshezi.

Ukuntuleka kwamanzi nakanjani kuholela ukungasebenzi yezitho zangaphakathi, ukwanda izicubu adipose. amangqamuzana obuchopho lokuqala angaqala ukuzwa ukuntuleka kwamanzi.

amaminerali

Minerals zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: vumelekile futhi micronutrients. Inani elanele umzimba obhekene amandla zemisipha uhlelo, amanzi kanye acid-base balance, ikhuthaza kwakwakhe amaprotheni ukuba lipids, kuqinisa isimiso sezinzwa, njll Landzelela izakhi bathambekele ukuphila okuvamile Kudingeka encane nje, njengoba macroelements -. Elikhulu . Ukuswela umuntu amaminerali emzimbeni kuvimbela umsebenzi we namanye amaminerali.

Ukusetshenziswa amavithamini

Umsoco amaseli ezifana amavithamini kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yomuntu ngenxa yokuntula kwabo kuholela ukuphazamiseka izinqubo umzimba emzimbeni futhi ukunciphisa amasosha omzimba. Lesi sici kubalulekile ukuze abantu abaphila impilo esebenzayo, kutuswa ukuthatha ezengeziwe Vitamin izakhiwo. Njengoba injalo emsulwa ngokwemvelo amavithamini hhayi: ngamunye wabo likhona eziyinkimbinkimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwakheka, eqinisweni, kusiza umzimba ukuzisebenzisa.

Ukusebenzisa amaprotheni

Amaphrotheni kuyadingeka ekukhuleni nezicubu ukulungisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhi ezisetshenziswa umzimba ngesikhathi ekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone, ama-enzyme kanye namasosha omzimba futhi evamile ukushintsha kwamakhemikhali.

Thina kudle amaprotheni kusukela inyama, izinkukhu, inhlanzi, okusanhlamvu nokuyimidumba, ubisi, amantongomane amaqanda. Ziqukethe amino acid, ukubuyisela amandla esephelile ukunikeza izinqubo plastic ezicutshini. Kuvele esengeziwe ukudla amaprotheni Kunconywa izingane nabesifazane abakhulelwe.

Njengoba amafutha asetshenziswa umzimba

izakhi ezibalulekile, amafutha, esetshenziswa umzimba womuntu ngenxa ukumuncwa esiphezulu amavithamini, ukukhiqizwa energy futhi isivikelo imikhuhlane. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu kwamafutha: ayegcwele, monounsaturated kanye polyunsaturated.

Imikhiqizo yobisi, obomvu inyama, uwoyela kakhukhunathi, futhi ngeminye imikhiqizo equkethe amanani aphezulu amafutha ayegcwele; amantongomane futhi iminqumo abacebile monounsaturated amafutha; soy kanye zemifino amafutha (uwoyela Sesame, amafutha corn, njll), izingqwele kukhona amafutha polyunsaturated.

kulesi sigaba ukunikezela kwezakhi inikeza plasticity amaseli, elikhishiwe kwezinye izinguqulo ukuxhumana okudingekayo ukuze gezi Ukuvuselela umzimba iyonke.

Ukuhlanganyela carbohydrate ekusekeleni ukuphila omzimba

carbohydrate elula futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi (monosaccharides futhi polysaccharides, ngokulandelana) - inqwaba atholakala imifino, izithelo, okusanhlamvu lonke, amantongomane, njll Lezi zakhi ezisetshenziswa umzimba, ikakhulu ukukhiqiza amandla .. Angenele synthesis amaseli zihlobene amanoni, siyivumele ukuba ezazijikeleziswa phakathi kwabanye. Inamandla umthombo carbohydrate kuyinto isitashi.

Iwusizo microflora emathunjini fibre indigestible udlala indima "uphehle", ahlanze ke ubuthi. Kuyinto yemifino Imicu yotshani indawo, okuyizinto carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi. Ukudla okune-fibre, ngcono ukusebenza ipheshana wokugaya ukudla bese esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, kwandisa ukumelana ezifweni ezihlukahlukene.

Imisebenzi kwezakhi esetshenziswa umzimba

Wonke umsoco esetshenziswa umzimba ngendlela ekhethekile, nakuba umsebenzi oyinhloko zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu.

1. umsebenzi wokwakha, abuyisele isakhiwo kwamangqamuzana nezicubu. izinto eziwusizo abathintekayo kulo ukukhishwa kwezitho zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu amaprotheni namaminerali ezithile ezifana calcium, phosphorus, i-potassium, njll.;
2. Amandla Umsebenzi: izakhi ezifana amafutha kanye carbohydrate, futhi ithuba lesibili - amaprotheni - esetshenziswa umzimba ukuze lunikeze amandla ukuze afeze umzimba. Bakhuthaza ekugcineni lokushisa ezithile umzimba bophezela imisipha ukunyakaza, njll.;
3. Ukuphatha umsebenzi, esebenzisa ezihlukahlukene amavithamini namaminerali. Ngosizo lwabo ezilungisiwe ukushintsha kwamakhemikhali kuhlanganise umsebenzi umzimba kwezitho zangaphakathi.

Ukuze ukudla okunempilo kubalulekile ukuze bagcine ratio zonke izakhamzimba, hhayi bayakhohlwa inhlanganisela efanele imikhiqizo ehlukene.

amaqembu Ukudla Inani amandla

Umsoco ukudla aqukethe ubungako obuhlukahlukeneko, yingakho ukudla ekudleni kufanele nhlobonhlobo.

Ngokwesibonelo, izithelo abacebile ushukela, amavithamini kanye namanzi; Uphudingi amnandi kuthiwa kugaywe ngokushesha futhi ngokulinganisela uwumthombo omuhle zamandla. Imifino Kufanele udliwe njalo, ngoba okungenani esemazweni amandla kuzo okuqukethwe ngokwanele eliphezulu amavithamini namaminerali adingwa banesibopho umzimba.

Umsuka imifino kanye nokusanhlamvu ezisetshenziswa ngaphakathi emzimbeni womuntu njengesijeziso umthombo onamandla amandla, nge eziningi kwama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi.

Inyama, inhlanzi kanye amaqanda - inqolobane "amabhlogo wokwakha" wamaprotheni amaseli, futhi ubisi nemikhiqizo yalo okunamafutha amaningi, protein ne-calcium, namanye amaminerali abalulekile.

Ngo kubalwa inani amandla imikhiqizo ukudla usebenzisa iyunithi ukushisa okudlulisa - kilocalorie (kcal), okuhambelana amandla ukushisa eye yasetshenziswa kukhushulwe izinga lokushisa 1 litre amanzi distilled ka 14.5 ° C kuya ku-15 ° C. Cishe sonke sihilelekile izakhi ezibalulekile e isizukulwane wamandla ezishisayo umzimba ukusabela kwamakhemikhali locomotor imisipha umsebenzi kanye lokulondoloza ukushisa komzimba evamile. Lokho ukucutshungulwa (ukugaya), amaphrotheni, amafutha kanye carbohydrate kudedela ethile namandla.

Izakhi enqubeni wokugaya ukudla

izakhi okuqukethwe kwamaseli kuyadingeka ukuze umzimba. Amaphrotheni ahlahlele ayimi futhi kuhlelwe umqondo ngu isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene. Kodwa kanjani izakhi yashintsha ngesikhathi kucutshungulwa?

Animal nokudla zemifino has zonke izakhi ezidingekayo lwezinhlobo umzimba. Kodwa inyama yabo siqu, ubisi noma, isibonelo, isinkwa, akuyona amuncwa amaseli. pre-ukwelashwa kuphela kuqinisekisa ukumuncwa kwezakhi. Amaphrotheni, amafutha kanye carbohydrate abaphukile izitho zokugaya ku izinhlayiya okulula zazo zenziwe bese kusetshenziswa izinqubo umzimba.

Amaphrotheni yakhiwa amino acid ukuze ngobugebengu ezingamalungu phansi ipheshana wokugaya ukudla. Amafutha - ekhuthaza eziyinkimbinkimbi we acid okunamafutha ne glycerol e isilinganiso 3: 1 kwelinye-molecule. Acid zihlukile, ngakho benza ezahlukene amafutha kwengoma.

I-cellulose, isitashi kanye nezinye carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi aqukethe monosaccharides, zonke omele owaziwa okuyinto glucose. Lezi izinto ibukeke uchungechunge 6 carbon athomu, ne wajoyina "ohlangothini" umoya-mpilo ne-hydrogen ama-athomu ngokuvumelana scheme: 1 carbon athomu kuyinto 2 1 hydrogen nomoya-mpilo. Uma H₂O amanzi-molecule anamathela kulo, + lapho kwakukhona igama leli qembu compounds - carbohydrate.

Ngakho, uma amanzi, amavithamini namaminerali ingasetshenziswa umzimba injalo evamile lapho eziqukethwe imikhiqizo, namaprotheni atholakala wajinge wanamatsela ngesikhathi ukugaya wokuqala ku-amino acid, amafutha ukuze glycerol futhi ama-fatty acid, kanye nesitashi monosaccharides.

ukugaya umjikelezo kuyinto mechanical (ukugaya, ukuxuba, kanjalonjalo.) namakhemikhali okulungisa ukudla (eqhekeza tincenye lula). Lezi zinqubo yenziwa enzyme we ayo wokugaya ukudla. Ngakho, kulezi zitho Umsebenzi kwenziwa imisipha kwezicubu endocrine nezindlala, for ukusebenza kuyadingeka wonke umsoco efanayo sakhuluma zazo.