I-biography emfushane kaGeneral Ivan Chernyakhovsky u-Ivan Danilovich

igama Chernyakhovsky abhalwe ngamagama egolide emlandweni ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Lokhu jikelele lisebenza futhi abanamakhono kwaba omunye izinduna elikhanyayo abasha kahle leyo minyaka. Phakathi nempi, wayekade ku ezihlukahlukene izimpi: elwa emazweni aseBaltic, walivikela Novgorod, Voronezh beat, wayephakathi amasosha ngesikhathi Battle of eKursk, ekhulula Ukraine futhi Belarus.

ebuntwaneni

Ikusasa Jikelele Ivan Chernyakhovsky wazalelwa emzini Uman, okuyinto etholakala eduze eKiev ngo-1906. Uyise (Danil Nikolaevich) kwaba switchman phezu ujantshi. Lapho kugqashuka impi nge eJalimane, wabizwa ukuba phambili, lapho amukelwa khona abangele ukulimala ebuchosheni. Lapho ebuya ekhaya, inhloko yalo mkhaya waya Podolia, lapho eseneminyaka coachman ngesikhathi umninindlu. Umama wengane ukuthi uyinkosikazi. Abazali Washona ngo-1919 ngenxa yesifo sezintwala. Ngakho-ke washiya izingane eziyisithupha eziyizintandane.

Ivan kafushane lokuqala yayiklaba izinkomo kubalimi bendawo, futhi ngo-1920 waqala besprizornichat kuleli zwe elikhungethwe yimpi. Uma usemsebenzini phezu ujantshi, wakwazi ukuthola izincwadi okwenzeka locksmith, okwathi ngemva kwayo wazala umbhidisi izimpahla emizileni emhlabeni Odessa.

Ibutho laseSoviet

Ngo-1924, insizwa ethile ngemiyalo yezikhulu iYoung Communist League ithunyelwe ku lendawo elihamba esikoleni. Yaqala kanjalo biography of Jikelele Chernyakhovsky ebuthweni laseSoviet. Kamuva wafunda the umdubuli kambayimbayi eKiev. Lesi sikole laqedwa ngo-1928. Khona-ke wamiswa induna a Leli qembu le-17 Corps wezikhali Regiment emzini Vinnitsa.

Ngobusuku obandulela neMpi Yezwe II Biography of Jikelele Chernyakhovsky wathatha elinye ithuba. Wabelwa 28 Armored Division (umlawuli). Ubethula kumi iBaltic.

Ukugqashuka kwempi

Ezinsukwini zokugcina zezwe ne-Soviet Union noMbuso Wesithathu babelungiselela impi. Nokho, uStalin wacabanga ukuthi amaJalimane sizohlasela kuphela ngemva konyaka. Ngakho-ke, zonke amalungiselelo awazange okuhloswe ngaso yekwatisa siyusekundnuyu (yize ulwazi ukukhalipha).

Juni 18 Chernyakhovsky Division wathola oda ukushiya ezindlini zabo futhi bathuthele endaweni eduze nomuzi Lithuanian ka Siauliai. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ezempi kwadingeka enze umsebenzi lohleliwe. Nokho, 22 yama-Jalimane wawela umngcele Soviet. Futhi ngakho-ke kwenzeka ukuthi Chernyakhovsky kusukela ekuqaleni kwaba shí izenzakalo, njengoba Lithuania uhlaselwe ngomunye wabokuqala.

Ngobusuku besibili division of impi, eyayiholwa isikhulu, unqobe amakhilomitha 50 futhi kwase kusele kancane ngiye edolobheni Varniai. Ngaqala ukuba nezinkinga nge supply fuel, yingakho le nhlangano iye yabhuntsha. izinkinga yenhlangano ezibhekene 28 Panzer Division, babe ikuyo yonke indawo. I iRed Army yayingawulungele kungazelelwe abahlali blitzkrieg German. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibhakabhaka phezu Lithuania ekuqaleni kulawulwa ekuhlaseleni German, owalalela yigalelo elinzima lelo izingxenye umhlaba.

Chernyakhovsky impi yokuqala kwazanywa lokususa isitha sesigaba sakhe sisuka edolobheni Kaltinenaya. Nokho, ukuphakama kwamanani ka isitha kwaholela ukunqotshwa kwemvelo amasosha aseSoviet. Ngokushesha Ivan Danilovich zinhlanga e ukugeleza jikelele we iRed Army.

Isehlakalo esibaluleke kakhulu kwaba Western Dvina futhi edolobheni Elipaya, elaqala ukulwa olunegazi nge amabutho kwamaNazi. Futhi, division sayalwa ukuba sibe nezinhloli afeze ikhava ukweqa stragglers amayunithi eRiga. Julayi 1 waqhubeka ngomfutho izitha yaseNtshonalanga Dvina, bese ingxenye njalo emuva waya empumalanga.

ukuzivikela Novgorod

Agasti 13, 1941 Chernyakhovsky wayalelwa ukuba bathathe izikhundla ukuzivikela edolobheni esempumalanga Novgorod. Ekuhleleni ukuzivikela uvele ngawo isikhulu umthamo. Wafunda masinya ukuze uthumele izingxenye ukusuka endaweni A kuya endaweni B, okuyinto luyindida kakhulu umsebenzi isitha. Ikakhulukazi, wafundisa esigabeni sakhe akazange athathe eziseceleni, kanye nezinhlamvu kuphela, emakhishini ensimini nokunye. D. Lokhu ikakhulukazi waphikelela Chernyakhovsky, Biography iDemo okuhlanganisa amaqiniso mayelana ukuzila ukudla njengendlela ingane ngesikhathi kulwiwa.

Amasosha kwenziwe umsebenzi yokwemba, lapho baxoshwe kusukela izigqulo. Izingxenye anekhono kunazo bathunyelwa umuzi ezibiyele, okwakuwuphawu iphuzu osendaweni ezibalulekile. Igalelo ka ibutho likaHitler liyaqhubeka landa ngezithukuthuku zigcine eziningi. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwamaNazi ayekade esesikhundleni cishe wonke kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi iveze empumalanga lonke ibutho layo combat-ngomumo.

Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa sesigaba Chernyakhovsky eyesithathu esele okuvela kuyo le izisebenzi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, amaJalimane wachitha ukuhlaselwa nantathu. 16 no-17 kubo wazama ukuba ahlasele le Novgorod ezibiyele niwele umfula Volkhov. Bathulula MachineGun umlilo counterattacks nesibindi. Isimo esibucayi ophoqelelwe umyalo ukungena impi uhlala inqolobane encane. Ihlasela amaJalimane athi ukwehla ngemva ingxenye phambi enyakatho ntshonalanga wazama ukubamba omkhulu esiphikisayo kuhlasela endaweni Staraya Russa. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abantu amaNazi ukwabelana amandla. Ezinye phefu wanikeza ithuba Division 28 ukuhoxisa kuya empumalanga yomfula Volkhov. Indlunkulu washukumiseleka ukuba emzaneni zingezona ezibonakalayo Kunin. Ngalesi sikhathi, Chernyakhovsky kwatholakala i-pneumonia. Ngenxa uphethwe ezinzima wathunyelwa esibhedlela ngaphambili.

Voronezh

Ngo-May 1942 Chernyahovskiy Ivan Danilovich (Biography emfushane okungukuthi kuncike Ukubuyekeza) ukhushuliwe uLieutenant General. Wayefuna ukubuyela ethangini iyunithi, ngoba lolu hlobo amabutho sanikela ngeminyaka eziyishumi kwenkonzo yakhe. Ekugcineni, wamiswa induna 18th Tank Corps, lapho afika khona ngo-July 1942. Lokhu yayinesihloko Bryansk Front - hhayi esifundeni lapho jikelele wayelwile ngaphambili.

Ngalesi sikhathi, isiqondiso eseningizimu kwaba enkulu ngxabano phakathi kweJalimane USSR. Uma Leningrad wavinjezelwa, futhi izimpi eMoscow wathatha isikhundla emvelweni, kuyinto emaqeleni manje ukunquma umphumela empini. Ngo-July, amaJalimane ethumba Rostov-on-Don. "Ukusebenza Edelweiss" kwahlongozwa ukuba luthathe eCaucasus, endlunkulu oMbusi. Lokhu yokhalo Hitler edingekayo ukuze anqunywe eSoviet Union kusukela ezibalulekile ezivela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono, amafutha Baku futhi Grozny.

Ngokuya ngalolu hlelo, iqembu ibutho "A" kwaba ukuphishekela emuva ngoba Don awuthumbe le mizi ezibalulekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kumiswa "B" is uphokophele ekufezeni kwaseStalingrad ukuqinisekisa iphephile futhi ukusekelwa labaqaphi elingemuva. Kuyinto kule isiqondiso kwaba Chernyahovskiy Ivan Danilovich. Biography of Jikelele namanje bebengenayo imisebenzi enjalo.

Julayi 3rd Army iphansi kwesandla sika-Paulus futhi Weichs ezungezwe Stary Oskol futhi babesheshe bafike Don. Kube ingozi Voronezh bamba. Kuleli qophelo, uStalin ngokuthi Jikelele Golikova, eyathi ithumela azowalekelela efomini le-18 Tank Corps Chernyakhovsky. Kuhlengwe abantu abangekho empini Voronezh labantu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amathangi kwekhulu le-18 Corps waqala ukuba owethulwa angena empini. Asakaza amaqembu wathutha phakathi komuzi, ngokuzama ukuba singabonisi uvumele isitha ukuya Don. Okuhlangenwe nakho ocebile lempi, Jikelele Chernyakhovsky wamtjela bona sikwenze, kodwa Golikov bamlalele futhi wayala njengoba isikhundla sokuba isikhulu esiphezulu.

Ivan Danilovich yena kwaholela omunye amaqembu emhlabeni ipulazi "Drummer" ukuze ugqozi abangaphansi, ababemlandela impi ngoba umlawuli ngesibindi (ukuhlasela yahanjelwa nabasebenza 14). Kule mpi, igobolondo hit imoto yakhe, yingakho efika abangele ukulimala ebuchosheni. Waphinde kufanele aye esibhedlela, kodwa wala ukwenza kanjalo.

Julayi 7 eziklanyelwe ukuvikela entsha Voronezh Voronezh Front Army of 4 no 4 ezigungu ethangini. Nokho, counter ababanga impumelelo. AmaJalimane matasa Voronezh, ashaqe Donbass futhi manje sisongelwa sifinyelela engezansi iVolga.

Ehola Army 60

Julayi 25 Chernyakhovsky Ivan Danilovich, ogama biography benza ngaphandle kwezithiyo ngaphambili, waqokwa induna Army 60, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi elwa eduze Voronezh. Wamiswa esikhundleni Antoniuk, ngubani wayengasenakukwazi ukubekezelela imisebenzi yabo.

Gen. ngokushesha Chernyakhovsky, ogama biography wayaziwa kwaba yilelo nalelo butho ngaphambili, wathatha imithwalo yakhe. Wayelokhu ukuzivikela ngesikhathi Voronezh, ngezikhathi ephoqelela intando yabo isitha. Ekupheleni kuka-August, amaJalimane ngakolunye uhlangothi wakwazi ifohle iye ngasenkosini iVolga. Manje izimpi main zadluliselwa kwaseStalingrad, ngenkathi sekuthe damu usondele Voronezh.

Ebusika, lapho isimo iVolga waqala ukuthatha ukuma esivuna ebuthweni lempi laseSoviet, amazinga waqala ukulungisa okukhulu esiphikisayo kuhlasela, okwakukhona ukuthatha ingxenye wamabutho eziningana, kuhlanganise 60. Kwakumelwe ingxenye Voronezh futhi Bryansk nezimpi. Ukuhlaselwa wokuqala waqala ngoJanuwari 24, 1943.

Hola ukuqala ngasempumalanga Voronezh kwaba Ivan Chernyakhovsky. Biography nempumelelo wamabutho wafikelwa izincomo sakhe esingcono kunazo zonke Amathenda futhi uStalin. 25 of the Army 60 Ufake Voronezh futhi ngokuphelele ayibulale kubahlaseli. Phakathi kuleli dolobha futhi Kastornov yahaqwa eside amabutho amaningi esitha, ezihlanganisa indlu ezimbili Hungarian. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, sathola umyalo ukuthuthukisa ezicasulayo amandla esiphezulu kuze front line akuyona uhlaliseke. Ngakho-ke, amayunithi Soviet, kuhlanganise Army Chernyakhovsky, waqhubekela phambili ngase Stary Oskol, eKursk futhi laseKharkov. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Army 38th kwaba iwukudambisa sizungezwe amasosha oMbusi nabasizi balo. Ukuxhumana zalamaqembu.I anqamuka, base abangakwazi ukuzilwela. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, 60 Februwari 8 Army wangena eKursk. Ngangilapho kanye Chernyahovskiy Ivan Danilovich, ogama biography is ahlanganiswe ngomunye umsebenzi kuphumelele. Ngo-March, amasosha bakhe befika River Ukudla.

Ukulungiselela i-Battle of eKursk

Impumelelo of the iRed Army avunyelwe ukuqala ukulungiselela Battle of eKursk. Mashi 26 Ivan Danilovich ne amayunithi abo owabelwa Central Front. umlawuli wakhe Rokossovsky wahlatshwa umxhwele ajwayelane ujenene abasha. Pole futhi kamuva wakhuluma ngalo omuhle kuphela.

Lapho ukuvikela lo eKursk ezimangalisayo, Army 60 yayiseshidini eziqongweni yokhalo. Ngakwesokudla iyingxenye baht uLieutenant General kanye kwesokunxele - ngaphansi kokuqondisa amasosha Chibisova. Nakuba amabutho babesendaweni Chernyakhovsky (kabani biography kuhlanganisiwe ezihlukahlukene travel) uhambo emizaneni yakuleyo ndawo, okwakukhona phambili eduze kwesiteji. Kwakungekho ndawo eyodwa, okuyinto akazi. Uhlaziyo ezijulile okwenzekayo futhi ukunakekela imininingwane ubelokhu izici zalo ezivelele njalo.

ukuqeqeshwa Aviation okuhlaselayo German iqale ngo-6 Julayi. Umkhuzi von Kluge wahola kuhlasela kwamaNazi division, kodwa impumelelo yakhe zisezincane kakhulu. It kuhlulekile ukuhambisa amakhilomitha 10 kuphela, lapho kwakungekho ngisho ingxenye encane ukulungele phambi band (mayelana 100 amakhilomitha).

Njalo ekuseni nantambama lapho sasihamba ngendiza lamabutho High Command, lapho nezinduna zempi labika eziyimbangela kusayithi. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka Jikelele Chernyakhovsky. Biography lempi wayegcwele emihlanganweni futhi izingxoxo, uma isiphetho amakhulu ezinkulungwane amasosha.

balwe

Lokhu kwalandelwa ukulwa tank at Prokhorovka, zabulala ingxenye engcono kakhulu ibutho lamaJalimane. Kwakuwusuku nciphisa nokuwa amaNazi "Citadel" uhlelo. Kakade 23 Amasosha amaningana aseSoviet balwe wabuya konke elathunjwa amaJalimane ngesikhathi zihlasela yabo igazi. 5 Agasti ngenyanga emzini orel futhi Sifundazwe babebuyela ngemuva kokuqala Battle of eKursk.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo Army 60 wahlala ngaphambili langemuva, elinde sako ukuba siqhubekele phambili endleleni Kwesokunxele-Bank Ukraine. La masosha, bachitha izinyanga eziningana e imisele, babemagange ukulwa. Lo muzwa evezwa futhi Chernyahovskiy Ivan Danilovich. Umlando omfushane Jikelele ngokoqobo dazzles like izinsuku okubuhlungu ukulinda ayesempini.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, eMoscow okokuqala phakathi nempi okuhleliwe iziqhumane ukugubha ukubuya amadolobha Russian. Ekugcineni, phakathi no-August-ke kwabangelwa Chernyakhovsky futhi Rokossovsky ithole iziyalezo ezintsha lo offensive.

Ngo-August 30, lapho okuhlaselayo ekuthuthukiseni sathathwa Glukhov. Phambili kwaba komngcele-Ukraine. Ngosuku olulandelayo Chernyakhovsky ephethwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe amakhilomitha angu-60. AmaJalimane babe ezisheshayo ashiye izikhundla zawo. I jikelele angazanga ukuthula kancane. Yena njalo uhambo komunye division komunye, wagomela endlunkulu ibalazwe, uthole izinkomba ocingweni futhi yocingo imigqa, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi sezisunguliwe ezindaweni ezikude.

Ngo-September, kwathiwa ebuyela kwabanye idolobha: Konotop, Bamach futhi Nizhyn. Ngo-November 1 Ukrainian Front yasungulwa. Chernyakhovsky, ogama biography isibe isibonelo esihle abanye abalawuli, waba nengxenye Imisebenzi eminingi. Kwaba ukuwela Dnieper, Kiev bese abadedela amakhulu nemizana zokulungile-yasebhange Ukraine.

Chief 3 isi-Byelorussian Front

Okthoba 17, 1943 Biography of Jikelele Chernyakhovsky kwaphawulwa isenzakalo esibalulekile. Isiphathiswa waklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union yesibindi sabo lapho bewela Dnieper. Isikhulu eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-37, waqokwa induna 3rd Front isiBelorussia. Waba umuntu omncane kunabo bonke e iRed Army, wanika lezi zibopho. Le mpumelelo engenakuqhathaniswa osekuzuziwe ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi onzima, isibindi kanye wit. Biography of Jikelele Chernyakhovsky, isimiso, neqhaza elikhulu le njongo.

Ngo esifundeni entsha Ivan Danilovich nengxenye yokukhululwa amadolobha ezibalulekile ezifana Vitebsk, Minsk futhi Vilnius. Chernyakhovsky wabuyela endaweni efanayo lapho ahlangana khona ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ngemva esifundeni Soviet Baltic ususuliwe wabahlaseli, ngaphambili wathuthela ensimini Germany.

ukufa

Februwari 18, 1945 Chernyakhovsky waba ngaphansi umlilo emotweni yakhe. Kwathi omuzi Melzak (etholakala yaseMpumalanga Prussia). Naye emotweni kwakuseyimpi abantu 4, kodwa akekho kubo owalimala. Kwakungekho umonakalo obonakalayo imoto.

Kunobufakazi bokuthi biography of Chernyahovskogo I. D. wamnika ithuba ukuhambisa inkonzo nakakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-Jikelele Headquarters yayilungiselela isimemezelo ku ukunikeza kuye isihloko Marshal kweSoviet Union, kodwa ukufa kwanoma akazange avumele ukungasabeli kahle umyalo ukushicilela ephepheni. umzimba Jikelele wangcwatshwa Vilnius. Ngemva kwesikhathi eside (ngo-1992) wayiswa ezweni lakubo, eMoscow.

Imemori ye Chernyakhovsk

Ngokushesha ngemva kokuphela kwempi ngemva Jikelele saqanjwa ngokuthi idolobha laseJalimane Insterburg, ngokuthi Chernyakhovsk. Wathunyelwa eSoviet Union, njengoba kwakunjalo yaseMpumalanga Prussia (manje Kaliningrad esifundeni).

Jikelele Chernyakhovsky empilweni yakho ukuthi subordinated ngokuphelele ibutho kanye empini. Nge intsha ukuba amasosha, yena nokho, washada ngempumelelo. Umndeni nginezingane ezimbili - nendodakazi. ukuphila Siqu Chernyakhovsky abanesifiso eziningi. Umsebenzi wakhe meteoric wakhumula, wayeka eziyingozi ebulalayo, abagxeki abaningi buchaza ukuxhumana ngaleso GHQ. Kodwa ngokuqinisekile akunjalo. eliselincane kwaba phezu Crest igagasi nomunye, ngoba ngosuku olwandulela empi, iRed Army walahlekelwa eziningi izinduna zabo futhi semashi ngesikhathi ekuqothulweni kaStalin. tikhundla ongakhiwe kwakuhlezi ngenxa yenkuthalo futhi abanamakhono, nakuba abasha, new-isizukulwane wezempi.

Biography Chernyakhovsky, ogama izithombe zivame sabanjwa impi emakhasini amaphephandaba Soviet, khona impahla kakhulu izincwadi eziningi abonisa ukushisekela izwe. Imemori ye Jikelele igcinwe eU.SSR nokunakekelwa okukhethekile, kanye konke ihlobene nalezo zikhathi ezibucayi.