Nickel kwabantu kanye nezinye izakhiwo. nickel ore

Nickel (Ni) - liyisici amakhemikhali gqwa simiso Mendeleev, okuyinto likhona triad Fe, Co, Ni. Nickel kuyinto metal umbala omhlophe ne sheen lubonakale silvery. Lenza kahle nezinye izinsimbi ukwakha Alloys ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Ukutholakala nickel

nickel ore elaqala ukutholwa nge wemithi Sweden A. Cronstedt ngo-1751. Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba abavukuzi alo okuqala kusukela ore Saxony wayazi kahle ukuthi ngaphandle nibonakala kubantu nilungile wawufana zethusi. It wasetshenziselwa ukwenza oluhlaza imikhiqizo steklovarami. Ngokuvamile steelmakers langaleso sikhathi ezama ukuphuma lokhu ingxubevange zethusi, kodwa yonke imizamo yabo zehlulekile. Ngakho-ke, ekupheleni kwekhulu XVII. Nickel metal lethiwa lokuqala - ". USathane ore" "kupfernikel", okuyinto elihunyushwe ngokuthi Mineralogist Cronstedt namanje wakwazi ukuthola i-nitrous oluhlaza, futhi wokwehla yokugcina laliqongelelwe nickel uqobo.

uphenyo usosayensi metal wahlanganyela Bergman. Ukuthola injalo emsulwa, ikwazi ukusungula ukuthi izakhiwo nickel eduze izici yensimbi. Kabanzi, lokhu metal ufundwa abanye abacwaningi, kusukela Proust. Kancane kancane nithole izakhiwo zabo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise ukuminyana nickel. Empeleni, igama elithi "Nikkel" kuyinto engcolile abavukuzi izwi. It sondela nga Niccolaus esontekile wakhonza isidlaliso duplicitous, abantu lwenkohliso. I incazelo yegama elithi yesibili yayithi kwakumelwe 'umoya abanonya, "" Slacker. "

nickel kwabantu kanye nezinye izakhiwo

Nickel anezakhi ezifana ductility futhi malleability. Lezi zici zenza kube lula ukuba adalule inkokhelo yaso. Kusukela etholwe metal amashidi futhi amashubhu. Nickel - material kunalokho okuhlala. amandla ayo eqine kuyinto 450 MPA. Ngakho-ke vysokoplastichen, futhi ine okusezingeni eliphezulu ukugqwala ukumelana. I conductivity ezishisayo nickel kuyinto 90,1 W / (m · K) (at 25 ° C).

imikhando misela sakhiwe isotopes ezinhlanu esitebeleni. Nickel libhekwa njengoba izinsimbi ezisindayo. Nickel konga 8902 kg / m ^3. Likhulu ngokuphindwe kabili ukudlula okwababhali titanium, kodwa ukubaluleka kwaso zezinombolo uyalingana ukuminyana wethusi.

Ihlanganiswa ne-nickel ukugqwala?

Nickel linamandla okushisa aphakeme. Uma lokhu metal lisetshenziswa imvelo zezimboni, ngokuvamile embozwe oxide ifilimu, ne kancane Ukufiphala kancane. Liphinde engamboziwe nokugqwala. Engathathi isinyathelo kuso, futhi acid - noma organic noma wezinto ezingaphili. Rust awubhekene lokhu metal ngisho utshwala ashisayo. Ngakho-ke, nickel ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa embonini yezokudla.

Lapho nickel kungenzeka zibe ngaphansi kwe ukugqwala?

Sekukonke kukhona ezinye izimo lapho kungase kwensimbi ubhujiswe. Okokuqala, amanzi olwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwathi kabi kuthinta isixazululo hypochlorite ane-alikhali. Sulphur abangela ukugqwala, usawoti izixazululo, amanzi ammonia.

nickel Alloys

Lokhu metal kuyinto okufakiwe kuhle steel. It kwandisa ductility yayo kanye namandla. Ukwengezwa nickel futhi chromium Alloys ukunikeza okusezingeni eliphezulu ukugqwala ukumelana lezinsimbi. Kabanzi umkhakha chromium-nickel insimbi engagqwali, okuyinto ngaleyo ndlela abe ezingeni eliphezulu thermostability.

A-chemistry eyaziwa Alloys lapho nickel iyona element main. Ubuningi Nickel evumela ukusetshenziswa kwayo Alloys ngensimbi, aluminium, manganese, chromium ne-silicon. Alloys ezinjalo zisetshenziswa ngokudala heater. Sinenkosi ezingeni lelisetulu permeability kazibuthe. Futhi esetshenziswa ubunjiniyela cast iron, lapho nickel sengezwe. Industrial ukukhiqizwa lokhu metal zaziqale cishe eminyakeni yikhulu edlule. Ngakho-80% nickel isetshenziswa ngokukhiqiza steel futhi nickel Alloys.

Okunye Amasimu kwesicelo metal

Nickel futhi Alloys yayo azisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa lezinsimbi engagqwali. Izinsimbi kanye Alloys ukusetshenziswa ne iqhaza lakhe ukudalwa imishini zamakhemikhali, shipbuilding. Nichrome futhi chromel kukhona izakhi abamelwe endlu Imishini: Amathosta, ziboshwe ngozankosi, zase heater. Okunye Alloys asetshenziswa ekwakhiweni imikhumbi yempi. ngokuvamile Nickel ezinengilazi kukhona zokuhlobisa.

ubuthi metal

Inani elikhulu nickel angaba nemiphumela emibi emzimbeni. Ukwandiswa okuqukethwe yayo ukudla ungakhuluma mayelana usongo ngqo impilo. Umphumela njalo iningi contact ngokweqile nge nickel umzimba - kuba yokungezwani komzimba. futhi kubangela ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, isifo sezinso, nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kodwa nickel ubuthi kuzibonakalisa kuphela uma umzimba inqwaba.