Muse Urania - kushukumisa astronomy

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla ungakhulumi ubuciko nesayensi indlela esicabanga ngayo nobuciko bokusina, izinkondlo, imidlalo yaseshashalazini noma ukucula. Iqiniso lokuthi amaGreki asendulo, ngokungafani us, beqonda Space njengoba umsebenzi ephelele kakhulu yobuciko, futhi kushukumisa Urania ukuthi ziqondakala kubo njengoba ugqozi lokwazi kwakhe. Ngokokuqala ngqá igama lakhe ezincwadini Western itholakala umsebenzi Hesiod. Ngaphambi kokuba sithole okwengeziwe Urania kakhulu, simazi kangcono umkhaya saso esivela kuNkulunkulu.

Bobani Muses?

Ngokwe imibono yamaGreki, Muses - amadodakazi ayisishiyagalolunye kankulunkulu ophakeme uZeyusi Mnemosyne, unkulunkulukazi inkumbulo. Ngalinye mkhakha womsebenzi ubhekwa ezibalulekile, ngokusho amaGreki asendulo, kwakufanele ube ngumsizi wabaningi, ayo - Muse, futhi ngalo ukuthuthukisa kanye nempumelelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke Muses, kuhlanganise Muse Urania, ephelezelwa futhi liphefumulelwe Musagete-Apollo, unkulunkulu ubuciko nokuzwana samuntu wonke ohlakaniphileyo, bhá futhi zizinhle, kuhlanganise nokuziphatha, isayensi kanye zonke izinhlobo zobuciko.

Izindawo Ukuvikelwa

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ngqá Muses atholakala imisebenzi zikaHomer, eminye imithombo futhi ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana lamadodakazi ayisishiyagalolunye kaZeyusi izindawo abaqondiswa isayensi art:

1. Calliope ( "izwi elihle") - kushukumisa umhlatshelo futhi ukushisekela ubuzwe, izinkondlo yeqhawe. Kwaba amaGreki wakhe ophakeme babekholelwa muse futhi uvezwa umqhele umfire noma umqhele ekhanda lakhe.
2. Clio ( "inkazimulo umuphi") - kushukumisa umlando, okuyinto, ngokusho amaGreki asendulo, esilotshwe nemiqulu yayo kwanoma iyiphi, ngisho umcimbi kokuncane kunakho konke kuya ukukhunjulwa kwabo ngaye.
3. Melpomene ( "ingoma, ukucula") - kushukumisa nhlekelele, sigqoke izembatho waseshashalazini, ebambe esandleni sakhe buso okukhulu.
4. Talia ( "umusa") - kushukumisa amahlaya, nge Wreath okulula ivy ekhanda lakhe kanye buso ahlekisayo esandleni.
5. Polyhymnia ( "eziningi zezingoma") - kushukumisa emaculweni engengcwele nomvikeli izikhulumi.
6. Terpsichore ( "umdanso merry") - kushukumisa umdanso, kuhlanganise imishado. Egqoke ijazi elula, ekhanda - umqhele omuhle ivy, ezandleni egcina olunezintambo.
7. Euterpe ( "injabulo") - kushukumisa izinkondlo lyric kanye laso lihlotshiswe umqhele omuhle izimbali. ithuluzi Ezazimzungezile - umtshingo double.

8. Erato ( 'emtoti') - kushukumisa uthando futhi lomshado izinkondlo. Yena wayechazwa egqoke umqhele roses and njalo abanye ithuluzi perky futhi bejabule zomculo ezandleni, isibonelo, ithamborini noma ihabhu.

9. Urania - kushukumisa nesayensi isayensi. Omncane yonke amadodakazi uZeyusi nezihlakaniphile ziyingxenye uPallas Athene. I Urania izandla njalo ikhampasi kanye sphere yasezulwini, egqoke ingubo star-igcwele ekhanda lakhe - umqhele imilaza.

Kushukumisa ezimbi kakhulu

Njengoba sekushiwo, kushukumisa Urania (isithombe ukubaza wakhe ubona) - kodwa omncane kunathi sonke kodadewabo eziyisishiyagalolunye, kodwa futhi onolwazi futhi ehlakaniphile wabo. Nanguya enhle, efana lonke Muse, ngoba amaGreki wayekwenza le kalokagathia isimiso, itholakala lokuthi ukuthi kakusikho ukusoka okusobala enyameni enhle njengoba enhle ngaphakathi kanye. Ngakho-ke Ukuvikela Ubuciko kanye Sciences nje alikwazanga ukubukeka ebukekayo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi the Urania nodade ephelezelwa idolo, Musagete, ukudansa ujabule futhi kumnandi ukuba emcimbini behlonipha Dionysus, limelela amandla ulwazi futhi sizindla. Muse Urania soxhumana zonke ungasuki izinxushunxushu khona kwansuku ukuze shí kulolu cwaningo kanye nokucabanga impilo sublime indawo yonke nakho bekanikela izinkanyezi, okubonisa phetho yasemhlabeni. Njengoba sekushiwo, Bonke baneziphiwo ezithile ezivelele muse, Urania kulo mkhakha yasezulwini nekhampasi.

Ukuze onecala lako?

Ukuqonda kwethu samanje isayensi ngqo ezifana astronomy akusho bayavuma ukuthi amaphuzu ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo izinkondlo noma ezinye art. Nokho, ngesikhathi kumiswa zamaGreki futhi ukuvela sehlelo astronomy zomculo kwaba ngaphezulu kuyikhono kuka isayensi ngqo. Urania - kushukumisa astronomy iqala wezibalo ngezinkanyezi athuthukile eGrisi lasendulo.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaGreki bakwazi ukufeza eziphakeme kakhulu ekuhloleni kwesibhakabhaka, izinkanyezi yonke. Kwaba eGrisi lasendulo e-BC III ekhulwini. e. Aristarh Samossky kuqala ukwakha umbono ka heliocentrism, futhi ikhompyutha ka Eratosthenes Kirensk, wenza emhlabeni ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakheka isisekelo ikhalenda ukuthi sisebenzisa namuhla. Gipparch WaseNicaea e II ekhulwini BC. e. Wakwazi ukwakha ikhathalogu lokuqala "izinkanyezi kulungisiwe" e ukukhanya kwazo bese ukhetha Ithebula ukuhamba kwenyanga nelanga. Kodwa udadewabo Urania, Clio, umuntu ngempela kuyindida: namuhla eyaziwa kabanzi yokuphambuka theory geocentric ukubeka phambili esikhathini BC II leminyaka. e. UKlawudiyu uPtolemy, owawungumnyaka ngesisekelo Church of the emfundisweni yobuKristu we okuphathelene nokwakheka kwendawo yonke, kunokuba kokutholakala ngaphambili lososayensi ngesiGreki.

Njengoba sekushiwo, ukufunda izinkanyezi - isayensi muse Urania, esinye sezifundo endala. Wafunda nababhuli kwaseBabiloni futhi bili zefilosofi futhi ukuxoxa, izindela kanye Izicukuthwane Yenguquko, ukubhula ngezinkanyezi, nezimfihlakalo ongqondongqondo ezinkulu eduze izikhathi zethu. Kokuqukethwe kanye astronomy imiqondo bezilokhu ngesisekelo imibono evamile yesikhathi esithile futhi babe phakathi nezingxoxo imibono.

Aphrodite Ourania

Ngempela, zamaGreki, wasebenzisa lo epithet "Urania" n

rimenitelno indodakazi kankulunkulu esibhakabhakeni - Aphrodite, limelela amandla yemvelo. Aphrodite Urania - Celestial amaGreki ohlonishwayo hhayi nje njengomuntu nomvikeli uthando nomndeni okumsulwa, kodwa futhi njengendlela unkulunkulukazi wenzalo kanye isitshalo amabutho, ophethe amasimu ezithelo, lezixuku, nezivini.

Umfanekiso-uranium ubuciko

Kusukela kwempahla eGrisi lasendulo sekudlule amakhulu eminyaka, kodwa kushukumisa Urania njalo ephefumulelwe hhayi kuphela ama-astronomer kanye ososayensi ephathelene nayo. Ukubona Urania ingatholakala imidwebo kaSimoni Vouet "I Muses Urania futhi Calliope," Lui Tokke "Muse Yezinkanyezi," Angelica Kauffman futhi Lui De Boulogne, Ioganna Genriha futhi Eustache Le Sur, Yana Geveliya nemifanekiso ngu Hendrick Goltzius. Yiqiniso, kushukumisa kuletitfombe siboniswa nezingubo fashion esikhathini esiningi uma He qamba umculi, kodwa sphere yasezulwini nekhampasi esandleni, noma insimbi yokuloba, futhi ibalazwe esibhakabhakeni likhona ngempela.

Ababhali kanye izimbongi futhi akaphunyuki ukunakwa wakhe: Urania - kushukumisa astronomy ukuthi liphefumulelwe University futhi Tiutchev ku "ukucabanga odic." abadumile wesimanje yethu Iosif Brodsky eyakhishwa ngo-1987, incwadi izinkondlo "Ukuze Urania." Petersburg sihlelwe ukufaka isikhumbuzo imbongi ngesimo steles ezintathu eziqoshwe amavesi "Ukuze Urania."

Moscow izinkanyezi Urania ngisho wadala Museum, lapho obala adalwe-Jan Hevelius inkanyezi imbulunga, enikezwe ababethi XVII ekhulwini umlaza abadumile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Museum izici ezihlukahlukene ezithakazelisayo ezihlobene ekutadisheni emkhathini nezinkanyezi.