Mbhoshongo Ecological - ke .. Ukubusa mbhoshongo semvelo. izibonelo

Ngokuvamile isifundo imibhoshongo emvelweni kubangela ubunzima obukhulu kubafundi. Eqinisweni, ngisho mbhoshongo bakudala kakhulu futhi engasindi emvelweni kokuqala ukufunda okwengeziwe zasenkulisa esikoleni izingane esikoleni samabanga aphansi. Lemvelo njengoba isayensi eminyakeni yamuva aseqalile ukhokhe isamba esikhulu ukunakwa, ngoba lokhu isayensi linendima ebalulekile ezweni lanamuhla. mbhoshongo Ecological - kungcono ingxenye emvelweni njengoba isayensi. Ukuze siyiqonde ukuthi iyini, kumelwe ufunde lesi sihloko.

Kuyini mbhoshongo emvelweni?

mbhoshongo Ecological - kuyinto graphic design ukuthi livame ukuveza esime unxantathu. Letindlela ukumela isakhiwo trophic ka biocenosis. Lokhu kusho ukuthi mbhoshongo kwemvelo amele abantu abaningana, biomass yabo noma inani amandla ezikuyo. Ngamunye wabo angaba abonise iyiphi inkomba eyodwa. Ngakho, lokhu kusho ukuthi amaphiramidi kwemvelo kungaba ngezinhlobo eziningi: isivivane, elibonisa inani labamemezeli, iphiramidi, okutshengisa abaningana emelelwa biomass kanye mbhoshongo zakamuva kwemvelo, okuyinto Babenjalo ubungako bamandla aqukethwe lezi zezinhlobo.

Kuyini iphiramidi izinombolo?

izinombolo Pyramid (noma inombolo) libonisa inombolo eziphilayo ezitholakala ezingeni ngalinye trophic. Le modeli kwemvelo ingcaca ingasetshenziswa isayensi, kodwa akuvamile kakhulu. Izixhumanisi e mbhoshongo emvelweni ngokuchichima kungenziwa emelelwa cishe infinity, okungukuthi, emvelweni isakhiwo umphakathi iphiramidi ukuyichazela kunzima kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezingeni ngalinye trophic kunabantu abaningi, ngenxa okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi cishe akunakwenzeka ukubonisa isakhiwo esiqinile biocenosis isikali okukodwa okuphelele.

ISIBONELO ngokwakha iphiramidi izinombolo

Ukuze uzwisise mbhoshongo lwezinombolo kanye ukwakhiwa yayo, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi yini zinhlobo futhi onjani ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo kuhlanganisa kwalo mbhoshongo semvelo. manje Izibonelo sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe.

Vumela sibalo base kuyoba amathani 1000 utshani. Lesi sihlahlana, uthi unyaka ongu-1 kuyoba bakwazi ukuzondla e izimo zemvelo sokusinda komyalelo wokungabi kwezigidi ezingu-26 zama-izintethe kanye nezinye izinambuzane. Izintethe kulokhu uzobe engaphezulu izimila uqambe yesibili ezingeni trophic. Esesithathu ezingeni trophic kuyoba ayizinkulungwane 90 amaxoxo lowo nyaka kudliwe ukudla ngezansi izinambuzane. Mayelana 300 trout uzokwazi ukusebenzisa lezi amaxoxo yonyaka, ngokulandelana, bayobizwa esisogwini lwesithathu ezingeni trophic e mbhoshongo. Umuntu omdala uzobe elise kakade phezulu mbhoshongo emvelweni, kuyoba isixhumanisi yesihlanu nokokugcina kulesi uchungechunge, okungukuthi zokugcina ezingeni trophic. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ngonyaka abantu bazokwazi ukudla emhlabeni trout 300. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, lo muntu isixhumanisi eliphakeme e eziwukudla, ngokulandelana, kakade yisikhonyane e ukudla akekho okwaziyo. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kulesibonelo izixhumanisi elingekho kulezi kwemvelo mbhoshongo izinombolo engenakwenzeka.

mbhoshongo biomass

Kungaba ezihlukahlukene izakhiwo kuye semvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, mbhoshongo simiso semvelo eliwumhlaba angabukeka ngendlela mbhoshongo amandla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi mbhoshongo biomass wakhiwa ngendlela yokuthi isamba biomass uzokwehla ngamunye amazinga trophic ngokulandelana.

Ngokuvamile, mbhoshongo biomass wafunda ikakhulukazi abafundi, ngoba kwakudingeka ukuqonda ezinye ulwazi emkhakheni wesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, ngemvelo wesayensi yempilo yezilwane. Lokhu mbhoshongo kwemvelo - kuyinto umdwebo ingcaca elimelela ubudlelwano phakathi protsudentami (isb izinto eziphilayo ukusuka abakhiqizi wezinto) futhi abathengi (abasebenzisi yalezi izinto eziphilayo).

Yiziphi abathengi kanye protsudenty?

Ukuze ngokuqinisekile ukuqonda isimiso wokwakha iphiramidi biomass, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ubani abathengi kanye protsudenty.

Protsudentami kukhona izinto eziningi eziphilayo kusuka abakhiqizi wezinto ezingaphili. Lawa izitshalo. Ngokwesibonelo, amaqabunga izitshalo zisebenzisa i-carbon dioxide (nemiyo wezinto), akhiqize ngenxa ye-photosynthesis udaba eziphilayo.

Consuments - idatha kwamakhasimende izinto eziphilayo. Zemvelo eliwumhlaba ziyizilwane nabantu, futhi zemvelo zasemanzini - izilwane ezihlukahlukene zasolwandle nenhlanzi.

mbhoshongo ephendukezelwe biomass

mbhoshongo ephendukezelwe biomass kuyinto ukwakhiwa unxantathu nabokhulumile phansi, okungukuthi, isisekelo sayo iyincane ukwedlula phezulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi iphiramidi kuhlehlisiwe noma nabokhulumile. mbhoshongo Environmental has a ukwakhiwa kulesi protsudentov icala biomass (abakhiqizi izinto eziningi eziphilayo) ingaphansi kwe-biomass abathengi (abasebenzisi izinto eziningi eziphilayo).

amandla mbhoshongo

Njengoba sazi, mbhoshongo emvelweni - umfuziselo ecacile eziphilayo. Omunye onobuhle ezibalulekile yezinto eziphilayo nendawo esizungezile ukwakhiwa sokuqhafaza ukugeleza amandla. Isivivane, okutshengisa isivinini kanye nesikhathi ukudlula ukudla ngokusebenzisa eziwukudla, ibizwa ngokuthi amandla iphiramidi. It washayelwa ngoba isazi sesayensi esidumile American, owayengufakazi sezemvelo futhi owayeyisazi sesayensi yezilwane - Raymond Lindeman. Raymond washayelwa umthetho (mbhoshongo ngokuvamile kwemvelo), owathi aphuma sezingeni leliphasi trophic omelelwa okwalandela eziwukudla sihamba cishe 10% (ucishe) amandla ukuthi langena ku ezingeni eyedlule mbhoshongo kwemvelo. Ingxenye esele okuvela kuyo le amandla ngokuvamile okunikezwa inqubo ebalulekile samuntu le nqubo. Ngenxa yalokho yenqubo exchange esigabeni ngasinye eziphilayo ulahlekelwe mayelana 90% bamandla alo.

Iphethini mbhoshongo amandla

Eqinisweni, umthetho ukuthi ngokusebenzisa amazinga engenhla trophic uya ezincane kakhulu (izikhathi eziningana) wamandla ngaphandle engezansi. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi izilo ezinkulu ezizingelayo lincane kakhulu, isibonelo, amaxoxo kanye izinambuzane.

Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga, kwadlula isilo ezinjalo, sona sifana nebhere. Kungaba phezulu, okungukuthi, ekugcineni kakhulu ezingeni trophic, ngoba kunzima ukuthola isilwane ukuthi sidla kubo. Uma kwenzeka noma ngabe kuthiwa ukhona inqwaba izilwane owawuzoba kudliwe ukudla amabhere, ngabe safa ngoba babengakwazi ukuzondla njengoba amabhere iyivela kancane. Lokhu kufakazela mbhoshongo amandla.

Umbhoshongo equilibria yemvelo

abafundi wakhe uqale ukufunda ku 1-wire noma 2-ibanga, ngoba Kulula ukuqonda, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba ingxenye isayensi kwemvelo. yemvelo ibhalansi mbhoshongo usebenza zemvelo ezahlukene, kokubili ubunjalo eliwumhlaba, futhi ngwenya. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ukuze yazi abafundi nge ukubaluleka gcwele dalwa hlaba. Ukuze uzwisise mbhoshongo ka yakhoibrium zemvelo, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele izibonelo.

Izibonelo ekwakheni mbhoshongo equilibria yemvelo

Umbhoshongo equilibria zemvelo bangabonisa ukusebenzisana phakathi emifuleni nasemahlathini. Ngokwesibonelo, umfanekiso ingcaca ingabonisa ukuxhumana okulandelayo kwemithombo yemvelo: amahlathi okuhlumayo lomfula, okuyinto wahamba okujule kakhulu. Umfula kwaba acebile kakhulu, kwathi ngo usebe lwawo wakhula izimbali, amakhowe, sezihlahla. Emifuleni yakhona zazingcono kakhulu zezinhlanzi. Kulesi sibonelo, ukuzinza kwemvelo siyenzeka. Umfula lukhipha umswakama yawo yonke imithi, izihlahla futhi umthunzi, ungavumeli amanzi ukuhwamuka kusukela emfuleni. Cabanga obuhlukile Ngokwesibonelo yakhoibrium zemvelo. Uma kwenzeka into ihlathi, izihlahla uyoshiswa noma unciphise, umfula ayeyobohlisa ngaphandle kokuthola Ukuvikelwa. Lesi isibonelo yokuchitheka ukuzinza kwemvelo.

Into efanayo ingenzeka nge izilwane nezitshalo. Cabanga izikhova, ukhuni amagundane kanye acorns. Acorns kuyisisekelo sesihlalo mbhoshongo esilinganisweni kwemvelo bemvelo, ngoba abazi lutho, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukondla namagundane. Uphiko wesibili elilandelayo trophic kuyoba igundane ihlathi. Zidla on acorns. Phezu mbhoshongo kukhona izikhova, ngoba zidla amagundane. Uma acorns elahlekile ezimila emthini, amagundane kuyoba singenakudla futhi ngokunokwenzeka ziyotholakala afe. Kodwa-ke akekho kuyodingeka izikhova, nawo onke imibono yabo izolahleka. Lona yemvelo ibhalansi iphiramidi.

Ngokusebenzisa le mibhoshongo ezemvelo lungangamela isimo nemvelo, izilwane zasendle futhi sifinyelele eziphethweni ezifanele.