Love izinkondlo Tiutchev. Izisusa Lyric Tyutchev. izinkondlo

Face of the abasha Fedor Tiutchev ukuthi cishe akekho. Esikhathini ekumeni kwakhe kusenzo iminyaka yakhe ekunqabeni nge sina, ngamehlo adangele, izinwele ezimpunga thinning, a ebunzini okusezingeni eliphezulu, iminwe eside, izindebe ezomile. Ngakho, empeleni, Tiutchev yangena izinkondlo - esingathí sina kodwa futhi ovuthiwe. DEBUT yakhe ubhekwa ukushicilelwa 24 imisebenzi ku 3rd namabhuku 4th "Contemporary" e-1836.

Yayiyini izisusa main lyric Tyutchev? Kubaluleke kangakanani umuzwa emsebenzini wakhe? Ngo "Denisevsky umjikelezo" izokwethulwa njengoba sibonelo esigqamile iningi ukubonakaliswa imizwa nokuhlangenwe nakho kwawo iqhawe izinkondlo esihlokweni. Kuyinto ngemisebenzi, azifaka kuwo, iningi ngokucacile nangokunembile ukudlulisela lyric ethile Tyutchev.

inkosikazi yokuqala

Tiutchev kwesokunxele Russia eneminyaka engu-nesishiyagalolunye, ephuma Munich. Elapho, watholana Emilia Eleanor Botmer. Ngo 1826, washada futhi wazala namadodakazi amathathu kamuva. Ekupheleni kuka-1837, Tiutchev waqokwa uNobhala abaphezulu eTurin. Ngaphambi kwalokho, yena nomkhaya wakhe wavakashela eRussia. Kusukela lapho, umsebenzi omusha Tiutchev wahamba yedwa, kodwa unkosikazi wakhe nezingane zabo washiywa ezandleni lezihlobo. Ekuqaleni wayefuna ukuba bazohlala endaweni entsha. Eleanor namadodakazi akhe ngomkhumbi ngesikebhe kusukela Petersburg. Budebuduze ogwini yasePrussia ngokuzumayo umlilo uqale ebhodini. I ngesitimu yacwila. Eleanor baziphathe heroically - izingane ukutakulwa. Nokho, zonke impahla zalo mkhaya oye phansi. Ngokushesha abaphethwe unkosikazi ukushaqeka Tiutchev wagula kakhulu. Washona ekupheleni Agasti 1838. Ukulahlekelwa ngenxa Fedor kwaba usizi olukhulu. Lapha lwanele ukuba athi ivuliwe ngokuphelele grey eneminyaka engu-35.

Imizwa e imbongi

Laba balandeli ka "art oluhlanzekile 'zinezikhathi isiko okusezingeni eliphezulu, ukukhulekela amasampula ukuphelela umculo we-classic, ebaziwe, imidwebo. Basuke izimpawu a nenshisekelo yothando irhuluphelo ubuhle, isifiso ukujoyina sublime, "ezinye" emhlabeni. Ngokuhlaziya izinkondlo Tiutchev, kungabonwa njengenhlangano sengqondo kwezobuciko sabonakala umsebenzi wakhe. Imisebenzi yakhe igcwele idrama enamandla, tragical umsindo. Lena bonke ngenxa nakho aye aba empilweni yami Tiutchev. Love izinkondlo zizalelwe ngaphandle ukuhlupheka, ubuhlungu bangempela, imizwa wokuzisola becala, ukulahlekelwa ungalungiseki.

"Umjikelezo Denisevsky"

Imisebenzi ezifakwe kulo, kwembula zonke okwakhe of lyric Tiutchev sika. Basuke kubhekwe impumelelo esiphezulu sokuhlukanisa romanticism emsebenzini wakhe. Imisebenzi enikelwe nomuzwa wokuthi imbongi esiye sabhekana Eminyakeni ethile kamuva ukuze Elene Denisevoy. romance wabo eyathatha iminyaka eyishumi nane. Waphetha kokufa Elena Alexandrovna ukusetshenziswa. Amehlo akhe angamalangabi umphakathi wokuziphilisa ubudlelwane eyihlazo, "ongenamthetho". Ngakho-ke, ngemva imbongi ukufa Denisiev aqhubeka basola yena ukuthi obangela ukuhlupheka yowesifazane ayithandayo, kwahluleka ukuvikela kwakhe okuvela ohlolweni womuntu. ibonisa ngokucacile kakhulu imizwa ejulile le nkondlo Tiutchev "Kugcine Love":

Oh, ohlangothini zeminyaka yethu
Mnene sithanda, bakholelwe ezeni ...
Shine, akhanye, yokuvalelisa ukukhanya
Thanda kuhlwa lokugcina kusihlwa!

Amandla ngawo string kuthinte umfundi, kusekelwe obuqotho artlessness yokukhuluma ngokusebenzisa ukuhlupheka imicabango ejulile mayelana transience injabulo esiyingqayizivele omkhulu bungasekho, ngeshwa, kuze kube phakade. Thanda ku lyric Tyutchev selivela isipho ophakeme, kuyimpicabadala. It ayikwazi ukulawulwa, kube yinqaba, kuvuse okuthakazelisayo. Tayascheesya ekujuleni umphefumulo isifiso ezingacacile ngokuzumayo Kuqubuka uthando alufakwa. Ukuzidela nesisa ngokushesha nje ingashintsha ibe ibe "ukulwa kwesibhamu." Ukufa owesifazane othandwa amangalelwe izifiso, amaphupho. Imibala wokuphila, elikhanyayo ikakhulukazi, egqwalile kweso. Konke lokhu ngokunembile ezithwetshulwe sifaniso esebenzisa Tiutchev. Poems ngothando, lapho indoda ufaniswa inyoni enamaphiko eziphukile, dlulisa umqondo ukushaqeka okulila, ubuthakathaka futhi ukungabi nalutho.

Wayengubani Elena Deniseva imbongi?

Mayelana nalesi wesifazane - zakamuva, imfihlakalo, uthando buhlungu futhi abanothando Tiutchev - cishe lutho waziwa. Futhi ukuthi siyazi okuningi. Elena Denisiev iyona uya khona imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-nanhlanu ukuthi wabhala Tiutchev. Love izinkondlo abazinikezele kuleli owesifazane waphila ngempela ngebuciko, omunye eyigugu kunazo zonke izinkondlo Russian classical kwekhulu le-19. inombolo enjalo imisebenzi - eningi ukuba owesifazane owathanda ngenhliziyo yonke. Kodwa lokhu okuncane kakhulu ngokwabo imizwa inhliziyo overstrained. Phakathi nokuphila yisisulu uthando kwaba Elena, futhi ngemva kokufa njengomhlatshelo wakhe isisulu walo wayenguNkulunkulu ngokwakhe Tiutchev. Mhlawumbe Wamupha umqondo nomoya omncane kakhulu, kodwa akakwazanga ukuphila ngaphandle kwakhe, nentshiseko yakhe nesisa.

Ubuhlobobo imizwa imbongi

Ngesikhathi kakhulu Tiutchev kwakudingeka enkulu uthando. Ngaphandle-ke akukho ukuphila, wayeqiniseka ngakho. Kodwa isidingo kwakungeyona uthando kangaka njengoba okumelwe athandwe. Umsebenzi, ezibhaliwe ngonyaka 30 ( "Lolu usuku, ngikhumbula ..."), umhlaba omusha savulekelwa imbongi. Ngaye, kwaqala impilo entsha ngokuphelele. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kwenzeke ngoba wayengumuntu onothando, kodwa ngoba wezwa othandekayo. Lokhu kufakazelwa umugqa yakhe:

"Uthando Ukuvuma izono ngokukhululeka nangokusuka igolide
Bekha kusuka ibele lakhe ... "

Izwe liye lashintsha isikhashana lapho imbongi wafunda ukuthi uthando. Nale isipiliyoni umuzwa iba Ukunganeliseki eqondakalayo zalabo Wayemnene naye, sisondele kuye. Ngaye, kwakukhona ukwethembeka, kodwa akazange siqambe ukukhashelwa (kanye ukukhashelwa ukwethembeka ngikwale). Isihloko uthando ku isosha esihlatshelelwayo Tiutchev exhunywe ne idrama, ukuthembeka komunye umuntu amanga, umoya wokushisekela nomuzwa ojulile. bonke badabula impilo imbongi, okwatholakala kubonakala emsebenzini wakhe.

Umbono sezinzwa esibucayi

Ngo ukuqashelwa ebuhlungu eSt George Tiutchev uthi, naphezu okusezingeni eliphezulu imvelo esankondlo Elena Alexandrovna, izinkondlo, akazange penny ngokuvamile abantu bekhabo azange ngokukhethekile. Yilabo kuphela imisebenzi Denisiev waqonda injabulo, lapho imbongi, uveza imizwa yakhe ngokuba wakhe, ukhuluma ngabo obala futhi ngikhulume ngokukhululekile. Lokhu, ngokombono wakhe, kwaba esibalulekile wakhe - emhlabeni wonke wayazi ukuthi ngaye. Encwadini ayibhalela eSt George Tiutchev uthi esenzeka phezu uhambo. Denisiev wazwakalisa isifiso ukuthi imbongi sina waqala ukushicilelwa yesibili yemisebenzi yakhe, bevuma ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthi wayeyoba kuyathokozisa ukubona igama lami ngasekhanda kushicilelwe. Kodwa esikhundleni simthande, uthando nokubonga imbongi awavumelani, ukuqonda isifiso sakhe abanye kwalona. Waba nomuzwa wokuthi le mfuneko akuyona obehlale kwalo, ngoba, ngokwazi degree of ubulungu (Elena wathi, "Wena ngokwakho yami", ebhekise imbongi), wayengenayo kakhulu ukuba namanje iyiphi ngesimo ephrintiwe izitatimende ubufakazi bokuthi kungenzeka ukucasula abanye abantu.

ukufa Denisiev

Ubudlelwano imbongi nge Elenoy Aleksandrovnoy eyathatha iminyaka eyishumi nane. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi Denisiev ubuhlungu obukhulu. izinhlamvu Ilondolozwe yabhalela udadewabo. Kuzo waqamba Fyodor Ivanovich "Nkulunkulu wami othandekayo." Bakhuluma mayelana lokuthi ehlobo lokugcina yakhe yokuphila Denisiev indodakazi, Lelia, cishe njalo kusihlwa nembongi waya ukugibela esiqhingini, babuyela emuva kwesikhathi. Elena futhi ujabulele it, futhi nokudinwa, ngoba eyedwa endlini stuffy noma lowehlukene iyiphi intokazi besisa ababefisa ukumbona. Ngalelo hlobo, ngakho zazifuna kakhulu phesheya. Petersburg umcindezele - kusobala kusukela ukuxhumana nomkakhe wesibili. Kodwa lapho, izwe, washiya waziqonda buhlungu, ngakho akakwazi ukuthola ukusuka ngisho ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili kokufa St George Denisiev Tiutchev ngabhala ukuthi kuphela empilweni Elena Alexandrovna wayengumuntu nje ka-Abigayl nothando wakhe kuphela bona ngokwabo.

Ukuphila imbongi ngemva kokufa Elena Alexandrovna

Denisiev washona ngo-1864, unyaka ku 4 Agasti. Ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, encwadini ayibhalele St George Tiutchev Uyabhala mayelana umuzwa olungenamkhawulo 'nendlala lilambile. " Wayengahlezi wahlala, isilonda akamphulukisanga. Waba nomuzwa Jerk ubuhlungu, ophilayo lutho. Iveza izinkondlo uthando Tiutchev. Zonke izinkondlo sifanekise umzabalazo ezenzeka lapho ngemva kokushonelwa. Nokho, kufanele kusho ukuthi isonto emva incwadi eSt George Imbongi ethile yabhala imigqa azinikele Akinfiev. Kodwa lo msebenzi ungenziwa kuphela kubonise isidingo umphakathi, ikakhulukazi abesifazane, okuyilokho, eqinisweni, akazange ashiye Fedor naphakade. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu kwangaphandle sociability, uthando talkativeness, enkulu nomuzwa wokulahlekelwa ngaphakathi. Ngemva kokufa Denisiev Tyutchev uthando isosha esihlatshelelwayo libonise deadness ngenxa yomphefumulo wakhe, ukucindezeleka zibuthuntu nokungakwazi bona uqobo. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo siphile ukuhlupheka, ukungakwazi nomuzwa wokuthi amandla wayephikisa Denisiev. Konke lokhu kwabonakala imizila yakhe "yokujama tsi obuhlungu."

Ekupheleni kuka June, Tiutchev lavuma incwadi eSt George ukuthi akulona usuku olulodwa kudlule ngaphandle kwakhe uzibuze ukuthi abantu bangakwazi ukuqhubeka bephila, nakuba "ukhishwe inhliziyo kanye ekhanda unqunywe." Eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu sele idlulile solo usuku Denisiev ukufa. Ngalelo hlobo, uye wamkhumbula kokufa amabili iminyaka engu-amayunithi wezinhlamvu yakhe ngengoma. Ngo Petersburg ngo-July 15, wabhala: "Namuhla, ngamunye iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu zidlulile ...". Okwesithathu Agasti Ovstug ebhala imigqa mayelana nokugasela lomthwalo memory ngosuku kwesibhamu.

Kunosizi imisebenzi imbongi

Tiutchev wayethola nzima nsuku zonke. izihlobo zakhe waphawula ukucasuka imbongi: wayefuna uzwela esengeziwe engase nginaso. Kwenye incwadi ekhuluma ukunyakaza imizwa, ukungakwazi ukubamba ipeni esandleni sakhe. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, imbongi ubhala mayelana nendlela abantu ezidabukisayo futhi ngidelelekile ngekhono lazo ukuze sisinde kuzo zonke. Kodwa ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, ngo-vesi Bludova ebhala ukuthi "ukuze usinde - akusho ukuphila." Kamuva e imigqa yakhe, uyokwelula ukukhuluma mayelana ukuhlupheka olutholwa umphefumulo wakhe.

Ukufa imbongi

Tiutchev umthwalo umqondo uya phesheya. Wathi kukhona ke nakakhulu, ngisho ngokucace kakhudlwana nabo bake bazizwa ngale wokulahlekelwa. Umkakhe wesibili, wabhala ukuthi amazwi bengasenakubekezela nakakhulu; ngokucasuka kwakhe eba we ukukhathala wafikelwa emva yonke imizamo ngandlela-thile izijabulisa. Yadlula iminyaka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igama ukuxhumana ka Elena Alexandrovna iphele. Tiutchev kwadingeka ukuba aphile isikhathi eside kakhulu. Poet wafa ngo-1873, ngo-July.

Love izinkondlo Tiutchev e zokuphila kwakhe iminyaka yokugcina bekulokhu kunjalo egcwele imizwa. Esikhathini imigqa ukuthi enikelwe abesifazane ezahlukene (izincwadi ukuze Elena Uslar-Bogdanova, Entela usebenza e-Grand Duchess, madrigals ukuba Akinfevoy-Gorcchakova), kuboniswa kuphela "kuveza" ukubaniza nezithunzi, umoya ukukhanya imizwa zokugcina eqinile futhi ezijulile imbongi Elena Denisiev. kamuva Zonke izinkondlo zakhe belimane ngomzamo uvale umuzwa wobuze inhliziyo, okuyinto wabunjwa ngemuva kokuhamba yowesifazane ayemthanda.

"Umjikelezo Denisevsky" - a ngokuyisimangaliso lesikhumbuzo owesifazane

Elena waphefumulela izimbongi iminyaka eyishumi nane. Manje kunzima ukuba wahlulele imizwa Tiutchev Denisiev nomunye ukujula. Ubuhlobo babo Kwakuthé eziyinqaba, engaqondakali eziningi. Kodwa lolu thando ekuphileni imbongi sika. Kuba nzima nakakhulu kwadingeka Elena Alexandrovna - Ezimweni ezinjalo, ngokuvamile ukukhanyisa sithethelele owesilisa nowesifazane abasolwa futhi. Naphezu kwabo bonke ubunzima wokuphila, eyinkimbinkimbi, abanye umhlatshelo, kabuhlungu, konke babonakalisa uthando izinkondlo Tiutchev (amavesi), is ebuswa ngesisa, ukuthuthumela wokudumisa nomunye. Imisebenzi le nkathi kwaba wobuciko olusankondlo ngempela izincwadi emhlabeni.

The main izisusa lyric Tyutchev futhi Turgenev. A emfushane incazelo ngokuqhathanisa

Izici Tyutchev izinkondlo ebonakaliswa yokuthi wayezizwa sindiso futhi yithemba, futhi amaphaphu nithela injabulo nokuhlupheka ngenxa yakhe. Futhi konke lokhu idrama kwembuleka emigqeni azinikele Denisiev. Ukwenqaba ngokucacile ewumngcingo subjective yowesifazane akuthandayo, yena ngokwakhe efuna ukwaziwa elibanzi zembula ungubani wakhe, izwe anguye ngaphakathi. Imbongi igxile incazelo kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ngokusebenzisa Ukungena sisondelene naye ngokomoya owesifazane. Lapho lichaza izimpawu umuzwa, lembula emhlabeni anguye ngaphakathi.

Kwenqondo ukwakheka ozithandayo "Denisevskom umjikelezo" iyafana namaqhawekazi Turgenev sika. Futhi Turgenev, Tyutchev futhi umuzwa - "ukulwa kwesibhamu." Kodwa ngesikhathi samanje conditioning lokuqala zomlando nezenhlalakahle ngabanye ezingeni izinzwa. isimo sengqondweni ngempela, njengoba kubonakala ngemisebenzi Turgenev, wabonisa isithombe wangempela ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu 50-60-yalolucwaningo. Kwavela ekuqondeni umthwalo imibuthano ehola ukudalelwa sowesifazane.

Ngo izizindlo zakhe phezu Ingxenye abesifazane, uhlamvu yabo, Tiutchev eduze Turgenev. Ngakho, eziyintandokazi "Denisevskom umjikelezo" ungathi Heroine kwendaba "emihlanganweni emithathu". esimweni sengqondo ngabesifazane ngemisebenzi Fyodor Ivanovich ibonisa hhayi kuphela jikelele kodwa futhi nakho siqu iqhawe wekuvana 50s, zichaziwe ukulandisa isikhathi imisebenzi Ostrovsky, Goncharov, Turgenev. Bebancane uhlamvu ukubonakala kwelase-United ebabayo self-mbisana nokugxekwa. Kwezinye izimo, iqalisa ebonakalayo Kuhlangana imigqa Tyutcheva ngemisebenzi Turgeneva lapho bembonisa uthando ukuhlupheka.

isiphetho

Fedor Ivaanovich Tyutchev adunyiswe ngamandla uzizwa owesifazane. Lokho kwaba into esemqoka kuye. nengoduso yakhe evesini wabonakala njengomuntu Heroine of uthando lweqiniso. Ngakho-ke iyaligodla ilungelo layo ukuzizwa, ukulwela kuye. Heroine lothando lakhe lembula ngokwayo, izimfanelo zakho ezinhle kakhulu futhi amathuba. Ukuzizwa ngokwalo lembula imbongi kanye namandla angokomzwelo lomuntu, futhi kanjani isimo sengqondo sekukhona phakathi kwabantu, kodwa besekela nethonya lomphakathi.

Tiutchev namaqhawe - nabantu abangasithandi banqunywe ngokuphelele, futhi ezivamile, abanamandla nababuthaka ngesikhathi esifanayo, kodwa azikwazi ukwembula tangle eziphikisanayo. Uthando izinkondlo Tiutchev ingenye imisebenzi engcono kwezincwadi olusankondlo Russian. Ezinkondlweni zakhe kuthinta ukujula ongashi isiRashiya. Kanye nalezi izici Tyutcheva maqondana olukhuni amakhono izinkondlo zalo.

UTolstoy, ekhuluma mayelana imbongi ibona wayebonisa ikhono lakhe kwezobuciko futhi ukuzwela yakhe Museum. Wanxusa abalobi abasha ukufunda leli khono ngokuvumelanayo sihlanganise ifomu kanye nokuqukethwe. Izihloko izinkondlo Tiutchev ne ngokuya emihle, igxile elihlale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Hhayi lidlule ngeze imbongi kanye isipiliyoni okwangempela Russian. Ukuphelelisa ngenkathi romanticism, izinkondlo zakhe Tiutchev kudlulela ngalé kwemingcele yayo. Imbongi iba uhlobo kuzalwa ekuqaleni ukunyakaza kwezobuciko ukuthi sekukhona ekuqa- yeshumi nesishiyagalolunye kanye eminyaka lwamashumi amabili.