Alisher Navoi: Biography of ovelele

Kunezinganekwane eziningi mayelana imbongi edumile emhlabeni wonke, ogama lakhe Alisher Navoi. Umlando wakhe zigcwele izinganekwane nezinkolelo ezihlukahlukene, kodwa sizozama ngibasakaza fika ukucaciseleka kahle endabeni yokuphila kwakhe.

lapho kwazalelwa khona imbongi enkulu

Navoi wazalelwa emzini Herat (manje. Afghanistan) lasendulo ngo 1441, lapho kuzalwa igama lakhe christened Nizamiddin Mir Alisher. Izazi-mlando ungakaqedi zifinyelele umbono olunembile ubunikazi bayo kazwelonke: abanye bakholelwa ke Barlas noma Chagatai, nezinye - Uzbek noma yesi-Uighur. Kodwa nje ukusho ukuthi umsuka kungokwalabo izizwe Turkic. Lokhu kufakazelwa, ngaphezu amavesi komngane wakhe omkhulu Abdurahmana Dzhami (othi "nakuba ngangingakabi Persian futhi Turk, saba abangane abangcono kakhulu"), imibhalo yakhe siqu, lapho ebhala ukuthi abantu bakhe - a Turk. Ngesikhathi kubusa amaSoviet, Alisher Navoi welashelwa ngokufana ncamashí imbongi Uzbek futhi wayecabangisisa.

ngakho umndeni

umndeni imbongi sika wayenothile kakhulu, uyise wayengumuntu olusemthethweni eqavile egcekeni we Timurid kanye nobab 'omncane wakhe - imbongi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kusukela ebuntwaneni Alisher Navoi (kabani biography kuhlobene eduze ekuphathweni komphakathi), wabhala izinkondlo ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene. Nge 1466 ku 1469 iminyaka imbongi abasha wahlala futhi wafunda e Samarkand, wafundisa isikhashana e madrassahs futhi sasekelana imbongi luthela noma usosayensi.

Alisher Navoi: Biography

sibalo Omkhulu ingeyamakhosi Sufi Order of thembekile (Naqshbandi), olahla worldly pilo (Fanny - the impermanence zokuphila) ngakhoke liwuthole imikhaya. Njenganoma yimuphi ilungu Order oNgcwele, Alisher Navoi (kabani izinkondlo uchaze lesi simo, isibonelo, "Lisunov ut-tayir") wayekholelwa ukuthi kukhona uthando eyodwa kuphela - Allah, ngakho wayengazimisele akanandaba wabesifazane nomshado.

Imbongi omkhulu yakhuliswa egcekeni okufanayo izingane Timurid clan. Nge Hussein Baykara (kamuva owaba umbusi Khorasan nesimo) Navoi kwadingeka ubungane abaseduze eyathatha konke ukuphila kwakhe. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi Alisher Navoi (yomlando wakhe kwashintsha kakhulu ngenxa lesi sinqumo) wabuya evela Samarkand ukuba Herat bomdabu, wakhonza njengephayona wokugcotshwa kwaba umngane wakhe Hussein. Ngo 1469, sengibuyile imbongi, Hussein Baykara umbusi wammisa abakhulu labahluleli ukuphrinta Khorasan isimo.

Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, Alisher Navoi, izinkondlo thole kukhona iyafaneleka osukwini lwethu, wakhonza isimo, wabhala enezici futhi ukunikeza usizo impahla zonke izimbongi, ababhali, abaculi kanye abaculi. Emlandweni Central Asia, ukhunjulwa njengomunye umqalisi eyinhloko ukwakhiwa madrasas eziningi, izibhedlela, ngisho imitapo.

Imisebenzi Alisher Navoi

Iningi imisebenzi yakhe imbongi omkhulu futhi sazi, wabhala ngo Chagatai ulimi, ukuthatha igama isigaba Alisher Navoi (e Uzbek kusho "tuneful, omnandi"). inkondlo yakhe yokuqala ebhala ngineminyaka engu-15. Imbongi kwaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ulimi tetemibhalo, wenza banikela ngendlela ebalulekile ngcono isakhiwo chagatay lwesigodi, futhi kamuva ulimi Uzbek.

Ngakho Wezamafa iqukethe izingcezu ezahlukene izingoma uhlobo kuka 3000. Mhlawumbe omunye wemisebenzi edume kakhulu imbongi kuyinto "Pyateritsa", equkethe 5 dastans. "Layla futhi Majnun", "Farhad futhi Shirin", "Ukudideka nje" - lena izinkondlo ufunde kakhulu Alishera Navoi.

Alisher Navoi: tinkondlo ngesiRashiya

Izenzo eziningi imbongi ezibhalwe ngolimi Persian futhi Chagatai ziye zahunyushelwa Russian. Omunye izinkondlo edume kunazo - "Ababili Frisky ghazals wakhe .." - elihunyushwe imbongi Soviet Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Alisher Navoi inqatshelwe uthando nezinye imizwa kwabesifazane, wabuye wabhala inkondlo izinkanuko kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo - "Ngobusuku yami usizi lonke befuzela emhlabeni zingancipha uyosula ..." "Njalo umphefumulo wami ekhala, cishe ubuhlungu okubi yakhe ..." "ababubulayo intuthu Njengoba ezimbi egeleza, bheka ..!" kanye nabanye.

Nokho, umlobi wabuye waphakamisa izinkinga zezenhlalo nefilosofi ( "Bezdolny begqoke zidwedwe ...", "Hlangana iwayini Kwaba ngukuhlwa, kwaba kwelanga ..." "Zonke akhokhe, wayencisha ngokwakho ..." njalo njalo. D.)

Ngaphezu izinkondlo lyrical, imbongi wadala futhi azibhala zomlando, elichaza ukuphila izibalo edume of isiko. Ngokwesibonelo, "Pyateritsa othobekile" sanikezelwa uthisha wakhe nalowo asebenzisana Abdurakhman Jami.

Ekupheleni kwenkonzo yakhe kwezobuciko Alisher Navoi wabhala inkondlo ezimbili zefilosofi, echaza imibono yakhe mayelana nesimo ekahle. Enye inkondlo - "The Language of Birds", noma njengoba ibizwa, "Iphalamende Izinyoni: Semurg" - kuyinto esivelele emsebenzini wakhe, iNkosi indatshana engokomfanekiso ihlekisa bonke ababusi abangenalwazi, abangamazi izimiso isakhiwo isimo. Zonke imisebenzi Alishera Navoi kukhona okubaluleke gxila ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene kusukela othandweni kwezombusazwe futhi ukwenza ngcono izimpilo zomphakathi of abalimi abavamile.

ezombusazwe

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi Alisher Navoi kwadingeka nemibono ezintweni eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, wayehlale kuqhathaniswa imithetho medieval despotic, obala walahla izikhulu ezathatha ukufumbathisa, kanye uzama ukuvikela izithakazelo labo abahluphekayo. Ngo 1472 Navoi wathola isihloko Emir (eba vizier isimo), wasebenzisa amandla akhe ukuze kwenziwe ngcono izimpilo zabantu abampofu. Naphezu ubungane bakhe umbusi nezinye izikhulu eziphawulekayo, Alisher Navoi wayesalokhu abadingisiwe umbusi Khorasan isimo Bayqara kwenye indawo ukuphikisa kwakhe nekhono lokukhuluma ukuze abakhwabanisi kanye isifumbathiso-abanazo. Ngo Astrabad waqhubeka izinhlelo zakhe yokuthuthukisa kokuphila komphakathi umphakathi wabantu.

Alisher Navoi enza khona umnikelo omkhulu nje kuphela ukuthuthukiswa kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo, uye waba nomthelela obalulekile ngcono ulimi Uzbek. Imisebenzi yakhe eyaziwa emazweni aseMpumalanga eziningi (Uzbekistan, Iran, Turkey nabanye. Central Asia). Imbongi omkhulu ushonele ekhaya, e Herat e 1501.