Imbongi Gnedich UNikolai Ivanovich: Biography, nobuciko kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich - imbongi kanye umbhali, owayehlala ezweni ekuqa- namakhulu eminyaka th 18-19. Owaziwa kakhulu lapho ehumushela ku Russian of "Iliad" Homer sika, le ndlela isibe inkomba ngesikhathi esifanele. Mayelana nokuphila futhi isiphetho umsebenzi imbongi sika, sixoxa ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko.

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich: A Biography. ebuntwaneni

Umlobi esizayo wazalwa ngo Poltava, February 2, 1784. abazali bakhe beza kusukela imikhaya ubudala ezihloniphekayo, cishe mpofu ngesikhathi. Nicholas Little walahlekelwa unina, bese kunesikhathi lapho yacishe ukulahlekelwa ukuphila kwakhe - ingxibongo ngaleso sikhathi nobulwelwe. Lokho isifo wayonakalisiwe ubuso Gnedich futhi zamhlubula kwamehlo akhe.

Ngo 1793, umfana wathunyelwa ukufundelwa ngo Poltava Theological Seminary. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, esikoleni iye banquma ukuthuthela kanye nabafundi Novomyrhorod kusuka Poltava. Kodwa Ivan Petrovich, le Gnedich uyise, wathatha indodana yakhe esikoleni futhi ithunyelwa Kharkiv Collegium. Ngaleyo minyaka, le nhlangano ayebhekwa yodumo esikoleni Ukraine. Collegium imbongi esizayo lathweswa iziqu ngo-1800, wathuthela yokuhlala unomphela ngo-Moscow.

Lapha-ke kanye nomngane wakhe wakudala Alexei Yunoshevskim wathatha sokuzivocavoca eMoscow University njengoba boarders. Kodwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, njengoba umfana wayiswa umfundi e-Faculty of Philosophy, okuyinto ephothula e 1802 ngonyaka ekhaliphile.

emphakathini kokuqala

Eminyakeni yakhe enyuvesi Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich baba nobungane amalungu Friendly Literary Society, ezazihlanganisa A. Turgenev, u-Alexander Merzlyakov, A. Kaisarov. Njengoba mbongi abangane nge wemidlalo N. Sandunova. Ngaleyo minyaka, le nsizwa ikhathalela imibono tiranoborcheskimi imibono, uyasho Schiller.

1802 kwaphawulwa ngokuba Gnedich isikhathi sokuqala siyajabulisa - okokuqala ukuhunyushwa ishicilelwe. Kwaba yinto embi kakhulu, "Abyufar", eyabhalwa engumFulentshi Jean Dyusisom. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhanya osekuyiminyaka umsebenzi yokuqala umbhali - ". UMaurice, noma isisulu yokuziphindiselela" noveli Ngemva konyaka, kukhona nje ukuhumusha Schiller ezimbili - noveli "Don Corrado de Guerrero" kanye nesibhicongo "Uzungu Fiesco."

Kodwa imali, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwaqala ukunyatheliswa, kusenzima akwanele, ngakho sihlela ukuqhubeka nezifundo zabo kufanele ushiye. Ngo 1802, imbongi kuhanjiswe ku Petersburg. Lapha uthola ezisemthethweni zomphakathi uMnyango wezeMfundo. Le ndawo Gnedich izobamba kuze 1817.

Zonke umbhali wakhe spare time kunikeza izifundo e yaseshashalazini nezincwadi. Kulesi insimu baphumelele eside, futhi wenza ukwazana ka Pushkin, Krylov, Zhukovsky, Derzhavin futhi abanye Decembrists esizayo.

ihhovisi

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich yasheshe notoriety imbongi omkhulu futhi umhumushi. Lokhu udumo wavula phambi kwakhe ekhaya, futhi abaningi nezicukuthwane esiphakeme Petersburg, kuhlanganise Stroganov futhi Olenin. Ngenxa ukusekelwa abantu yembhali 1811, yaba ilungu le-Academy, bese waqokwa yezincwadi we-Imperial Public Library, lapho walibangisa uMnyango ezincwadini zesiGreki.

Ngokushesha Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich abangane abaseduze baka-inyamazane. Ayavumelana ngu azithandayo yaseshashalazini kanye zezwe lasendulo. Lokhu kwakushintsha kakhulu isikhundla impahla kanye esemthethweni imbongi.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke kulezi iminyaka umbhali ezahlukweni isikhathi ukusebenza umtapo. Ngu-1819 kwaba zonke ibhuku amabhuku eyayisezweni umnyango wakhe, futhi iqoshwe nabo isitatimende ekhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Gnedich isikhulumi njalo ku umtapo amaqoqo.

incwadi iqoqo

Ekuphileni, yena kuwubuwula futhi kuyisidala ingenuous Gnedich NI Biography of the umlobi uthi inkolo uthando lwakhe kuphela kwaba izincwadi futhi izincwadi. Eyokuqala wamsiza ukuba isihloko academician futhi elisezingeni State iKhansela. Njengoba izincwadi, Gnedich eqoqwe eqoqweni lakhe siqu cishe 1.250 amavolumu ezingavamile futhi ngezinye izikhathi esiyingqayizivele. Ngemva kokufa imbongi, zozela zonke, wathutha Poltava sokuzivocavoca bequest. Ngemva inguquko, zincwadi zazibalulekile wezincwadi we Poltava, bese ezinye zazo zihanjiswe laseKharkov.

Ngo 1826 Gnedich waklonyeliswa isihloko Okufana iLungu Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Esaphila elihunyushwe imisebenzi uVoltaire, Schiller, Shakespeare.

Ukugula nokufa

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich - imbongi enhle futhi kube kufanele, wayazisa ngisho abantu bangesikhathi sakhe. Kodwa akuyona yonke into ekuphileni kwakhe kamnandi kangaka. Izifo, eyaqala ingane, akazange amshiye. Umlobi waya izikhathi eziningana ukuba aphathwe eCaucasus, ezazidume ngokutshala amanzi amaminerali. Kodwa kuyasiza kuphela okwesikhashana. Futhi ngo-1830, izifo saba sibi ngamandla amasha, futhi bahlanganyela nabo okwamanje, kanye umphimbo obuhlungu. Ukwelashwa emanzini amaminerali yokufakelwa eMoscow yayingakuthinti. Naphezu isimo sempilo, e 1832 imbongi wakwazi ukulungiselela futhi ashicilele iqoqo "Izinkondlo".

Ngo-1833 umbhali has umkhuhlane. umzimba buthaka ayikwazi ukumelana sifo esisha, futhi Februwari 3, 1833 imbongi ufa eneminyaka egu zeminyaka 49. Kulesi Biography emfushane uphela. Gnedich Nicholas wangcwatshwa Petersburg Tikhvin Amathuna. Ngo uhambo lwakhe lokugcina ephelezelwa Pushkin, Krylov, Vyazemsky, Olenin, Pletnev nezinye abanegama kwezincwadi ngesikhathi.

ekudalweni

At inhliziyo umlobi isosha esihlatshelelwayo bekulokhu umqondo ukuthi basizwe sini. Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich wafuna ziveza ekahle amalungelo obunobunye kanye nabasebenzi. iqhawe lakhe kwakugcwele nogqozi kanye nenkululeko. Yilokhu okubangelwa ezifana nesithakazelo esikhulu imbongi uShakespeare, Ossian futhi wakudala bebonke.

izinhlamvu Homer babebonakala Esivelele Gnedich abantu zobuqhawe ukulingana wezinzalamizi. umsebenzi yakhe edume kunazo zonke baba "Abadobi", lapho umbhali bajoyine temdzabu Russian nge isitayela Homeric. Akumangalisi lokhu idyll kubhekwa okungcono ukudalwa kwasekuqaleni Gnedich. Ngisho Pushkin embhalweni wayo waphansi ukuba "Evgeniyu Oneginu" string yabo ocashunwe kwalo mkhiqizo, encazelweni ethile Petersburg nobusuku obungamashumi emhlophe.

Phakathi imisebenzi umbhali ukunikeza lokhu okulandelayo:

• "Ubuhle Ossian."
• "Ihostela".
• "I-Peruvian ukuze ndoda yaseSpain."
• "Ukuze Umngani".
• "Ngesikhathi ethuneni likamama."

"Iliad"

Ngo 1807, wathatha ukuhunyushwa "Iliad" Gnedich UNikolai Ivanovich. I izinkondlo bezingalotshwa hexameters, owawungumnyaka eduze yasekuqaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba Russian vesi ukuhunyushwa kwenguqulo yokuqala, uHomer. Umsebenzi eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, futhi ngo-1829 inguqulo ephelele yanyatheliswa. Labor waba ongowenani elikhulu eziphathelene nenhlalo namasiko kanye senkondlo. Pushkin walibiza ngokuthi "okusezingeni eliphezulu feat."

Umqondo we nguqulo yabizwa Gnedich ngisho zisencane, ngesikhathi eqala ukufunda imisebenzi zikaHomer. Phambi kwakhe, lokhu kwenziwe abalobi abaningi nodumo, kuhlanganise nesazi Lomonosov Trediakovskii. Kodwa akukho mzamo akuphumelelanga. Lokhu eziyimbangela akuniké ukudluliswa Gnedich ngisho inesisindo nokubonwa.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Mina waphila ukuphila kuhle okumangalisayo Gnedich UNikolai Ivanovich. Umlando Omfushane umbhali lingabhalwa kuphela izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo ukuthi kwenzekeni kuye:

• Olenin seziqalile Gnedich njengoba umhumushi ezidumile kakhulu endleleni nokucwala Grand Duchess Catherine futhi Empress Maria Feodorovna. Ujwayele Regal baba juqu for imbongi. Ngenxa wakhe ukusiza umbhali wanikwa impesheni impilo, ukuze akwazi ukunikela sonke isikhathi sakhe ukuze translation "Iliad."
• Gnedich waba ngowokuqala owaqala ukushicilela izinkondlo usemusha futhi engaziwa Pushkin.
• Umlobi waklonyeliswa izindondo ezimbili umsebenzi wakhe etemibhalo - Vladimir IV degree kanye Anna II degree.

Namuhla, wonke wesikole uyazi ubani kwaba Nicholas Gnedich kanye ngeqhaza alibamba izincwadi Russian. Noma kunjalo, igama lakhe liyalondolozwa phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, futhi "ethi Iliad" Ukuhumusha namanje kubhekwa sahlulwa.