Leyo izwi ayinhlamba "plebeian" ... Ubani lowo?

NgesiRashiya, igama elithi "plebeian" luye lwaba ngokucacile negative, ukucekela phansi incazelo. Kodwana lokho kutjho bona sifanelwe nesimo sengqondo esinjalo ngokwakho? Ingabe igama elithi "plebeian" - bekhuluma "umkhawulo" "gopota" noma esibhalwe ukuthi "empumulweni yengulube," inkulumo-Russian (okuyinto, njengoba sazi, abakwazi ukuya inombolo Kalashny)? Nokho, yebo nangokuthi cha. Ukuze siyiqonde kahle le ndaba umqondo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kubalulekile lokumba umlando lasendulo, futhi ngokunembile, phakathi kokusungulwa Lomuzi Waphakade. Zazingekho patricians futhi plebeians, izigqila zabo. Kodwa kakade ukubukeka kwabo preconditions ezithile.

Ukuphela "yokuchuma"

Lapho yena-impisi banakekela kukaRomulus wasungula umuzi elinye lala magquma waseRoma lokhu, wachaza kwemingcele yayo alime. Ngaphakathi kuleli banga futhi ngafaka abantu ababebizwa ngokuthi izakhamuzi. Lokhu kumiswa yezenhlalakahle waqhutshelwa senators - amadoda avuthiwe kwalowo wajabulela udumo phakathi kwabantu. Babizwa ngokuthi bangabantu senex - oPhezulu namkha patres - Obaba. Kamuva lawo mazwi waba "Senators" futhi "Patricia". Lesi sakamuva ibizwa kanye nabazukulu senators.

Eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva, kwaba lombhalo wangempela, okuyinto sakhula kakhulu ngokweqile ekuphileni futhi isimo sabo emphakathini ezinye izakhamuzi waseRoma. Awu futhi plebeian? Lokhu omunye akazange hit lucky ukuphila entabeni ngaphakathi esiyingini echazwa kukaRomulus. Basuke njengenkulumo izakhamuzi, yayingenalo ilungelo lokuthola ukusebenzisa izindawo zomphakathi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi wawumpofu. Cha, kwakukhona phakathi kwabo labo abaye baphumelela ekuphileni futhi wakwazi ukuthenga isiqephu sezwe. Babekwazi kube ababazi kanye abahwebi amancane. Kodwa amalungelo ezakhamizi, laba bantu abazange babe.

Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba la plebeians?

Inani labantu base-Rome wakhula esisuka hhayi kuphela ngenxa wokukhula ongokwemvelo. It agcwaliswa le izigqila ezalethwa kusukela imikhankaso yezempi njengoba Trophies. Kodwa lapho bona babedabuka yokuzithandela. Bafika eRoma beyofuna ukuphila, umholo, emakethe kangcono. Lezi "woza ngamanani amakhulu," abakhileyo zomdabu komuzi - inzalo obaba - yase yaziwa ngokuthi "plebs" (kusuka elithi Latin plere, okusho "ukugcwalisa").

Ekuqaleni, leli nani labantu alien wahlala ngaphandle kwezindonga eRoma, engakaze bavikelekile kungenzeka ukuhlasela isitha. Kodwa kamuva zazivunyelwa ukuba axazulule imikhawulo edolobheni. Khona-ke kwencazelo "plebeian" kancane washintsha. Leli gama lisho ikilasi umuntu usebenzisa kwezomnotho, kodwa hhayi amalungelo abantu kanye namalungelo ezepolitiki.

Plebeian - ubani lo?

Izakhamizi lasendulo akhuleka lombhalo. amakilasi - amalungelo nemisebenzi sezizwe zakwa ziye zasebenza out ngokuningiliziwe. Thumela labantu neporaboschennoe - the plebeians - zazihlukaniswe kanye imigqa lobuhlanga Latins, Etruscans futhi Sabines. Akulesi Usuqhubekile Lesisemkhatsini phakathi "abantu baseRoma" (inzalo siqala abampofu, kodwa patricians) nezigqila ababengamthandi amalungelo babephathwa njengoba into ngomqondo zomthetho.

Lokhu isimo senhlalo akajabuli ngokuphelele ne abameleli plebs ubesebenza belingana izakhamuzi yisosha, futhi kunjalo, ungathanda lokuzimbandakanya empilweni ngaphandle komuzi, futhi (kamuva) Republic. Ngakho-ke, nge ekhulwini V-III BC zalwa umzabalazo abanolaka amalungelo "imikhawulo". Futhi ukuphela kwaba yimpumelelo. With III. BC. e. ukuze lo mbuzo: "plebeian - Ingubani le" - balandela impendulo uyaziqhenya: "Ilungu egcwele Abantu wamaRoma." Ukuze amalungu alesi sigaba uyekwa izikweletu ubugqila, futhi ukwazi ukufinyelela izikhundla angakholelwa Superior Council of Magistracy. plebeians Rich nge patricians zaba yezikhulu.

Ilungelo lokuvota, noma "Isinkwa emasekisini!"

Ekuqaleni, abampofu ezisemadolobheni nethuba lokukhetha yemidlalo yeCouncil of Beqondiswa imikhandlu. Lezi zikhulu bakha umzimba ekhethekile - le nhlolo-vo. Izwi ajwayelekile, akunjalo? Ngo 287 BC. e. Lezi zakhamuzi ezintsha ziyadingeka - futhi baphumelele kuwo - ukuthi lokhu umzimba iziqondiso baba saziso lazo zonke izakhamuzi eRoma. Njengoba abantu abaningi abampofu futhi disenfranchised kufanele ihlonishwe. Futhi sazisiza ukuthi zabo yisakhamuzi esebenzayo.

Kodwa kamuva, ezinsukwini zombuso, ukuze placate le plebs futhi ukumphazamisa izinkinga zenhlalo, ababusi eRoma waqala ukusabalalisa isinkwa abampofu ezisemadolobheni kanye ukuhlela imibukiso - ukulwa yezilwi. Ngakho kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, wahamba Ukujabula we-premium da uchungechunge ithelevishini, lapho ubuchopho ijoyina inkulumo-ze isimo. Futhi manje ukuqagela: a plebeian - ubani lo?