Lapho futhi indlela yokutshala amakhiwane?

Amakhiwane - omdala isitshalo tropical ngongqimba izakhiwo eliyingqayizivele futhi ewusizo, okuyinto ebonisa ukungabi nabulungisa bengahlonishwa. I-Latin igama isiko okuqondene uhlobo lwe Ficus (Ficus carica). Izitshalo ezindaweni ezahlukene ngokuthi emkhiwaneni, amakhiwane noma komkhiwane. ukuthandwa Wide ithole kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngokusho kweminye ukutolika zeTestamente Elidala, okungukuthi amakhiwane banambitha Adamu no-Eva ngokuthi uma ayengadla isithelo esinqatshelwe.

Abaningi igama izithelo kuyinto ayijwayele, kodwa bambalwa bayazi mayelana izakhiwo ezuzisayo kanye nezinye izici izitshalo endala horticultural, kuhlanganise lapho, ezikhulayo amakhiwane. Izithombe incazelo emfushane ngezansi ngeke embule lonke ulwazi ezithakazelisayo futhi ezibalulekile.

izakhiwo awusizo

Amakhiwane, sibonga izakhiwo ezuzisayo okumunyethwe kuwo, ubhekwa izithelo okunomsoco kakhulu. Akayena ingozi empilweni, kodwa kukhona abanye contraindications ukusebenzisa kwayo, isibonelo, abantu sifo nezifo pheshana emathunjini sibe lesi sithelo bengayi. amajikijolo omisiwe akunconywa abahlukumeza ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngifundise ngesifo sikashukela. Izinga nsuku zonke umuntu enempilo - 3-4 amajikijolo.

Amakhiwane ewusizo ngefomu fresh futhi omisiwe nokuvimbela izifo eziningi futhi ekuthuthukiseni impilo enhle. Kwezokwelapha, izithelo umkhiwane isetshenziswa njengendlela yokuthola:

• elwa namagciwane;
• isilonda ukuphulukisa;
• antiparasitic;
• impilo;
• protivoonkologicheskogo.

Amakhiwane isisindo kanti ekhaya yokupheka

amakhiwane omisiwe ngaphandle yini enye, kuyaphumelela elisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa umzimba, njengoba eshiya umuzwa satiety for isikhathi eside futhi kunomphumela kancane laxative. Futhi izinto ezibalulekile, amajikijolo abe palatability eliphezulu. Kodwa, naphezu ubumnandi bayo caloric izithelo endaweni ongaphakeme kuqhathaniswa (49 kcal 100 grams ngasinye). Izithelo esetshenziswa ezintsha, ezomisiwe kanye ifomu okusemathinini. Ithola a kakhulu ujamu, uswidi ijusi iwayini, ngakho amakhiwane atholwe elinye igama "wamakhiwani."

Amahlamvu womkhiwane eNdiya ezisetshenziswa njengeziwusizo okuphakelayo lemfuyo, futhi eFrance njengoba impahla eluhlaza ukwenziwa ngamakha entsha amakha. Fig latex lolucuketse: malic acid, iraba, renin, inhlaka, nezinye izakhi eziningi ezibalulekile. Ngemva contact nge-latex ubisi ku isikhumba sakho uma kungenziwanga ngokushesha asuswe, ungathola ucasukile.

Indlela yokutshala?

Lokhu izihlahlana ezinkulu (8-10 m) amagatsha uqweqwe bushelelezi umqhele ezibanzi. Stem ubukhulu ifinyelela 18 cm, uhlelo olubanzi impande - 15 m, a ka 6 m ukujula kunezimpande. amaqabunga amakhulu emkhiwa kanzima ngamazinyo engalingani kanye emaphethelweni eluhlaza grey-luhlaza umbala. Ubude Ishidi 15 cm ububanzi - 12 cm.

Good ukwazi: tonkhe tihlahla Ficus zihlukaniswe besilisa abantu besifazane futhi impova yabo iminyovu blastofagi abamnyama. Lezi iminyovu ukwenza kahle imisebenzi yabo, ukuze ubufakazi - ezithela eliphezulu.

I inflorescences sesihlahla som kukhona imbobo encane phezulu lapho impova okwenzeka. Futhi kulokho nomuthi okhula amakhiwane, kuncike, izithelo ezidliwayo noma cha, lezi izinsikazi kuphela, lapho izimbali angadingi impova.

Amakhiwane, eliphakathi kwe emise akhule 10 cm ubude, amnandi kanye namanzi ophuzi ngokumnyama noma onsomi. Lokhu uyisitsha ozwakala nge izikali esincane esinamanzi ingxenye evaliwe. Usayizi futhi umbala izithelo kuncike ezihlukahlukene. Okuvame kakhulu kucatshangwa ukuthi blue amnyama, ophuzi kanye ophuzi.

amajikijolo angavuthiwe akakwazi ukudla, ngoba ziqukethe latex engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo. Kuye ezihlukahlukene amakhiwane ovuthiwe ingaqukatha kusuka 30 kuya 1600 imbewu encane enkulu. Ukuze zikhule ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle, i-umkhiwane awunakuthela zithela iminyaka engu-200. Blossom isihlahla kungaba izikhathi eziningana eminyakeni, kodwa izithelo nasezinsikeni ekupheleni kwenkathi olufudumele, kusukela ehlobo ekwindla.

Lapho ikhula kanjani?

Ngokwezazi-mlando eziningi, umkhiwane kwakungumuntu domesticated izitshalo kuqala, okuyinto kutshalwa usuku emuva eminyakeni 5000 edlule. Ficus lenkaba zomlando Saudi Arabia, lapho lesi sitshalo kabanzi ukudla kanye nezimboni zezokwelapha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, endaweni lapho likhula amakhiwane, sandile Europe eCanary Islands.

Emuva ngo-1530 nolibo ficus wazama eNgilandi, lapho imbewu okungenisiwe eNingizimu Afrika, e-Australia, eJapane, China ne-India. Umlando amakhiwane American iqala 1560, khona-ke baletha imbewu eqala ukukhuluphala eMexico.

ECaucasus esifundeni (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan), nakwi-black Sea coast Russia (Abkhazia, South coast eCrimea) ficus ikhula isikhathi eside. Lapho amakhiwane sikhule eRussia sezulu endle efudumele futhi omile. Izingxenye ezinkulu emasimini zitholakala engumakhelwane Turkey, eGreece nase-Italy, futhi Portugal.

EVenezuela, lesi sithelo namuhla omunye ethandwa kakhulu. Uhlelo uhulumeni wadalwa 1960, sibonga olwaqala ukuthuthukiswa ezibucayi ukukhiqizwa yezimboni yalesi kwezitshalo. EColombia, isikhathi eside lalibhekwa amakhiwane okunethezeka. Namuhla isimo sengqondo ukuze izithelo kushintshile, ngoba kukhona ezikhulayo amakhiwane kuzo zonke engadini. izimo ingahluphi kakhulu, kodwa uthando berry asikapheli.

Climate nomhlabathi

Ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu futhi ezisondelene nazo amakhiwane ezikhula endaweni inamagquma at 800-1800 m ngaphezu kolwandle. isitshalo Undemanding futhi aqine, ezimelana nokushisa kuze kube -20 ° C. ezomile - kwezimo ezifanele ukutshala izithelo fresh. Lapho umswakama izithelo uqale QHAHAZA ukwehla ngokushesha. Nokho, isimo sezulu overdried kakhulu kubathinta kabi izinga fruiting, izithelo ziqala ukuba ewa, akukho isikhathi uvuthwe.

Ukulima kufanelekile cishe kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi, inqobo nje uma kukhona eziklanywe kahle kusetshenziswa isimiso sokunisela ngenkasa kufanelekile:

• loam ocebile;
• ubumba esindayo;
• isihlabathi ukukhanya;
• limestone;
• enhlabathini ene-asidi.

Amakhiwane zikhule kahle eduze kwamanye amasiko, ku sezwe flat, nemithambeka, amadwala scree. Izihlahla cishe engabathinti izifo, kanye nezinambuzane ahlukahlukene.

Lapho Isithelo exotic ezikhulayo eRussia?

Kubonakala kungenakwenzeka, kodwa bakwazi ukutshala nakwezifudumele kungaba ngempela baphumelele sezulu yethu enyakatho futhi naphezu ezinzima ebusika yesithwathwa oyoziletha isivuno esihle. Kudingeka kuphela amasu efanele wezolimo.

Lapho amakhiwane ezikhula endle, noma izinga lokushisa nsuku zonke +10 ° C wonke okushisa ezikhulayo inkathi isamba kuziwa +4000 ° C. Ngezinye lezi zilinganiso liyakuthela ezinkulu futhi uzinzile. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba ngokuzimela ukunikeza izimo ezifanayo ukutshala isiko, usebenzisa indlela emseleni.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, kanye nendawo yokuhlala isibopho sokuba okutshalwe ebusika umkhiwane ungaba eRussia emaphakathi. Nakuba eCaucasus kanye eCrimea kwenzeka ifomu zasendle ekhula. Esikhathini Krasnodar esifundeni ngo-Okthoba-November, izihlahla komkhiwane zidinga izimo ezikhethekile hothouse ukuze usinde ebusika. Ezindaweni nge ngokucijile yezwekazi sezulu isiko ezifuywa e conservatories futhi zokugcina. Luyaqhakaza namakhiwane ngonyaka 2-3 emva kokutshala. sokuvuna High kuhambisana iminyaka 7-9. Isiko okusakazwa imbewu, cuttings kanye Bokuhlela.

Indlela yokutshala amakhiwane ekhaya?

Zokutshala ekhaya ezikhethiwe izinhlobo yemifino. Izithombo ngokuvamile ahlale thini noma amabhokisi, ukuthi kungaba lula ukwenza emgwaqweni noma kuvulandi. Isitshalo kumele zithole isabelo sabo elangeni, futhi kuba izinyanga ezimbalwa ngonyaka. Lokhu kwenziwa uma usumisiwe sezulu esifudumele futhi ebusuku Ngokuqinisekile ngeke iqhwa. Umthamo zokutshala akhethiwe eliqinile le ukumelana inhlabathi kahle akhanywa futhi isisindo simila.

Inhlabathi ixubene ngezabelo 2: 1: 2 isihlabathi futhi umquba. Ukuze wakhe owakho olulodwa sesihlahla lapho ukuphakama 0.5 m ingcosana ithiphu. Minyaka yonke, umthamo kumele ishintshwe, kanye inhlabathi, ngoba amakhiwane elikhula ngokushesha kanye izimpande zawo uyayidinga indawo yokuhlala. Ngo esihlahleni ibhokisi ungaveza izithelo kuze kube izikhathi 3 ngonyaka: entwasahlobo, uma sekuyophela ihlobo noma ekwindla sekwephuzile. Kubalulekile ukunikeza ukushisa eyengeziwe kanye nokukhanya yokugcina fruiting imifino kungukuthi khumuza kwesikhathi.

Izici kulinywe

Abalimi abaningi bayakhathazeka ngemiphumela ukumiswa ekukhuleni kwesihlahla nasekuvezeni izithombo ukuchitheka amahlamvu esikhathini esithile ngisho noma ukunakekela efanele. Experience akudingekile ngoba amakhiwane ezikhulayo ezisondelene nazo kanye nabantu kubhekwa isihlahla lezihlahla, okuyinto unesikhathi lokuphumula. Ngalesi sikhathi isihlahla ibekwe endaweni epholile, futhi kufanele uqale okuphakelayo namanzi yekwentiwa.

Amakhiwane esekhulile ekhaya, ngokuvamile bakwazi ukukhiqiza izithelo futhi unikeze izithelo okumnandi, namanzi futhi unempilo, okuyinto ngezakhiwo zayo yokudla okunempilo akuzona nozakwabo phansi kunabaphostoli kusuka engadini ebusika. Isihlahla uyasinda kahle kule ndawo, ikakhulukazi sezulu esishisayo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi sikhule amakhiwane nikhumbule ukuthi ngokusebenzisa izimpande, okuyinto zitholakala umkhiwane cishe emhlabathini, futhi nguye othola zonke izakhi, kuhlanganise nomoya-mpilo yigugu kangaka.

Ngakho-ke, abalimi abanolwazi ngokucophelela njalo athambise umhlabathi eduze sesihlahla. Ezindaweni lapho isimo sezulu akuyona indlela eyomile silula futhi kusiza ukuba sikhule ku eduze emgqonyeni umbuthano utshani sika-ke. ficus abaningi batshala njengoba esimila Ornamental ngoba amahlamvu abe enhle kakhulu - enkulu futhi ezimangelengele.

Ingabe amakhiwane ezikhulayo eCrimea?

Ngo eCrimea, amakhiwane ukuthela izithelo kabili, futhi ushayele le izithelo nje ngakho akekho amakhiwane, noma amakhiwane. Isizini yokuqala yokuvuthwa Phakathi nehlobo, owesibili - kusukela ngo-August no-September. Kuhlanganise nezinhlobo amazwe, eCrimea, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-280 zezitshalo. Okwenzeka ukutshala lokhu kwezitshalo zanqwabelana elikhulu, nakuba ukukhiqizwa yezimboni namanje ufinyelelwe. Amakhiwane sikhule eCrimea futhi washiywa amasayithi, kusukela kwalokho, nje ugijima zasendle, kodwa ingabe usekhona.

Academician uPallas P. S. wayekholelwa ukuthi izihlahla ubudala ezikhulayo enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea, wahlala kusukela ezikhathini yaseGrisi yasendulo futhi ubufakazi yokuzalanisa ezolimo isiko lasendulo ku kula mazwe. Nokho, ngekhulu XVIII, ukuthuthukiswa horticultural uye wawela kwamazinyo.

Nikita Botanical Garden

Kusukela ekuqaleni amakhiwane eyalandela wahlanganyela sina ne ososayensi we Nikitsky Botanical Garden, lapho baqala ukutadisha hhayi kuphela isitshalo, kodwa futhi ukubonisa izinhlobo ezahlukene eyayisezweni 1904 kakade 110. Namuhla, kuhlanganise Ukukhetha ukungenisa, iqoqo engadini kuhlanganisa ezingaphezu kuka-200 zama-amakhiwane. Esikhathini ingadi Botanical, ungakwazi ukuthenga izithombo of izinhlobo ezahlukene, kuhlanganise bazivumelanisa izifunda ezehlukene Russia.

Ngokuvamile, izihlahla ezitholakala ogwini oluseningizimu, lapho ungabona onsomi nomhlophe amajikijolo, omisiwe, omisiwe futhi okusemathinini ezimakethe. Kukuphi amakhiwane eCrimea ezikhulayo, ungathenga nezithelo ezintsha nezinhlobonhlobo amazwe emashalofini zingatholakala kakhulu kuyaqabukela. Efomini fresh, bafinyelela nathi nje musa sifinyelele, ngoba akakubekezeleli ezokuthutha eside. Uma benza ukuphatha ukuze uthole imiphumela enjalo, kubalulekile ukukhetha ngokucophelela. Kumele kube mahhala umonakalo, obukhulu, kodwa icindezelwa nge inkinobho encane.

Thanda kudla emakhiwa?

Amakhiwane - isithelo esiyingqayizivele, kuyasiza phambili ngolunye uhlobo noma kuhlanganiswe neminye imikhiqizo. izithelo Fresh rip iqonde emthini phanga njengoba i apula, kuba namanzi futhi sweet kakhulu. Ukuze ezihlukahlukene, unga isizini ngayo ukhilimu, ukhilimu omuncu, ham, utshwala noma amantongomane. berry Dry ukungezwa salads noma amakhekhe, futhi inhlanganisela okumnandi nezinye izithelo ezomisiwe noma izithelo candied. amakhiwane Fresh ezigugayo, ngakho ukugcina it is hhayi Kunconywa kangcono ukudla ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Umkhawulo ukuthi bungabalwa - 3 izinsuku kule esiqandisini.

Kuningi okuye kwashiwo mayelana izakhiwo ezuzisayo futhi indlela yokutshala amakhiwane. Izithombe inganqotshwa yini impumelelo isithelo salowo muthi, abaningi, ngasendleleni, angikuthandi indlela okubukeka ngayo, kodwa ukunambitheka kanye ebaluleke kunayo izakhiwo zalo ningabi kancane.

Yini enye ijabulele izithelo zokuzikhandla umkhiwane?

samakhiwane omisiwe - a real "zosizo lokuqala", kuba antidepressant ezinhle, normalizes kwegazi, ubanika amandla kwandisa amandla okuphila. usizo oluyilo ezinkantolo ngoba imikhuhlane - izithelo omisiwe eliphekwe ngobisi neziphuzo. Usizo Good kanye ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula kanye namathansela. Ngokusho amakhiwane fibre okuqukethwe kungaba irekhodi langempela, i-potassium ne ngaphezulu walnuts kuphela, yensimbi mkhulu kunezinhliziyo apula. Ngakho-ke, kutuswa ukusetshenziswa kubantu abaphethwe yensimbi ukuntula igazi.