Landfills: ilayisensi nokwakhiwa

Okwamanje eRussia khona angaba ngu-24 000 lezinto ezihlobana landfill kukadoti ukuphi. Nokho, eyodwa kuphela kwabayishumi njalo wasebenza nesisekelo esingokomthetho, ingasaphathwa ukuhambisana nemithetho nemigomo zokuhlola ezasungulwa Rosprirodnadzor. Kokunye, lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi izinkinga ezivelayo lapho besanda yokubhalisa, ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa kwezikhungo ezifana. Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi landfills acace kakhulu futhi abeke izidingo ezikhethekile on abanikazi okuqukethwe, kanye kulungiswa noma ukudlulisa kwisimo ezahlukene. Ngayinye yalezi imibuzo kufanele kube isifundo enemininingwane yokuthuthukisa amathuba ukugcwaliseka ipholigoni wanamuhla, ephephile futhi emsulwa ngokomthetho.

Kwamalayisensi landfills

Imisebenzi leqoqo nokulahlwa kwendle akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho ibhaliswe. Document esasivumela ukwelashwa imfucuza ekhaya nasezimbonini, kuyinto ilayisensi. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale inqubo yokubhalisa, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi inkampani ihlangabezana nezidingo neziphathimandla okugada, okuzokwenza ukuhlola landfill. Ilayisensi ikhishwa kuphela ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi isikhungo ihlangabezana kwezinkambiso sanitary epidemiological, kuba ukuhlomisa impahla edingekayo, wakhonza abasebenzi nge ukuqeqeshwa nokunye. D. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfakisicelo kumele ahlinzeke umklamo kohlelo, okuyinto siyofeza control ukukhiqizwa ekuphathweni imfucuza.

Imibhalo ukuthola ilayisensi

Efuna ukuthola ilayisensi yokuqhuba lolu hlobo umsebenzi kumele anikeze iphakethe Rosprirodnadzor ebandakanya elandelayo imibhalo:

• Imibhalo kwenhlangano engokomthetho;
• uhlu imisebenzi, okuyinto kuhlelwe ukuba kwenziwe emkhakheni wokuphathwa imfucuza;
• Imibhalo eqinisekisa ubunikazi umhlaba, okukhulunywa ngawo luzosingathwa esishintshashintshayo seqoqo imfucuza (landfills ngokuvamile zakhelwe izakhiwo ezikhethekile, okuyinto nayo idinga imibhalo efanele);
• nobufakazi kokuphothula Emvelweni;
• izitifiketi ukuphathwa kwemfucuza;
• isitifiketi nokukhokhwa duty isimo ilayisense.

Inqubo selayisense Ukukhishwa

Rosprirodnadzor ihlola ulwazi kanye imibhalo ithunyelwa isicelo zingakapheli izinsuku 5. Ngokusekelwe imiphumela yokuhlolwa isinqumo senziwe ngesimo ekuphikeni noma kunikezelwa kwelayisensi. Ngokuvamile, landfills ezinelayisensi uma ekuqaleni ngokusekelwe nezimfuneko zomsebenzi, zomthetho kanye nezemvelo. Futhi kubaluleke eyakheke kahle setha kwemibhalo. Phakathi ekuphatheni zenqubo ye Rosprirodnadzor izikhulu uqinisekise ukuphelela nokushaya emhloleni ulwazi olushiwo yesicelo kanye nezincwadi.

Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi ukwakhiwa eminyakeni yamuva ayabaluleka kuthandwa okuthiwa umphakathi self-elawula (SRO), okwenza kungabi ingxenye abasha emakethe kusukela isidingo ukuthola ilayisensi. Esikhathini ukuphathwa kwemfucuza ensimini, lo mkhuba kuphela kuragela, kodwa ubulungu in the SRO wale phrofayela kungaba wusizo kakhulu. Abamele amaqembu anjalo hhayi kuphela zivunyelwe landfills yabo, kodwa ezisemthethweni, kanye nolwazi futhi technical support evela nozakwabo, okuyinto ebaluleke ikakhulukazi kusaqalwa ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi.

umklamo amabanga

Kakade ngesikhathi sesigaba yentuthuko yomklamo uyakucabangela ekhethekile injongo ipholigoni njengento, eyenzelwe ukuqoqwa kanye nokulahla ukungcola kwasezindlini. Ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi lezi izakhiwo ku imvelo izindawo ezizungezile, okusalungiswa sihlinzekela izinhlelo zokuzivikela, amehlo aphumele ngaphandle izithiyo ukuze izinto. ukutholakala yabo futhi inquma umehluko phakathi ekhethekile zokulahla ezivamile futhi landfills.

Ukuze neutralization ngempumelelo imiphumela deleterious ekuqhubeni into esizayo, umklamo kuzomele sifake landfills elandelayo imisebenzi:

• Ukuthuthukiswa ungangenisi amanzi systems afanayo enobuthi. Lena ukuze ugweme ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi phansi futhi imali landfill.
• Ukwenaba futhi ukuhlela kwendawo ipholigoni nge emthambekeni ebusweni indawo zokususa kwamanzi.
• Ukudala uhlelo ukupholisa for landfill.
• Kutfutfukiswa nokulawula izinhlelo nokulawula leachate.
• Kwenta tinhlaka engadini uhlelo.

Design Kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nezimiso ukunciphisa amathuba le zezinhlekelele kanye nokungcoliswa imvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nokuphepha kukhona imizimba amanzi.

Ukwakhiwa landfills

Imicimbi nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe amaphrojekthi landfill ngezindlela eziningi ezifanayo ezakhiweni bendabuko. izakhiwo okunjalo kungahlanganisa Tinsita esifanayo, ipulazi izakhiwo, nokunye. E. Ukuze umehluko kuthiwa kubangelwa nezimfuneko ezithile yokuba umtshingo ubethwa ngubani ukukhethwa izinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakhiwa landfill abese eqala ekwakheni izakhiwo sanitary anezibonisi protivofiltratcionnymi, okuyizinto izakhi eziyinhloko kunoma iyiphi eziyinkimbinkimbi yalolu hlobo.

Yemvelo izithiyo Geological ukusabalala ukungcola e umkhuba ezingajwayelekile, ngakho Onjiniyela ukuhlomisa izihlangu ekhethekile zokuzivikela phezu endaweni yokusebenza. Ngosizo izithiyo ezinjalo ukuze unciphise ingozi nolokubhujiswa oluyingozi imvelo ngenxa umthelela okungekuhle imvelo emapholigoni.

landfill sokufunwa

Kusukela design landfill, asikwazi ukuvala amathuba kulungiswa yayo ekugcineni. Lo mcimbi ezibalulekile, lapho phansi elalihlala esiteshini wangaphambili ozuza isimo imvelo enempilo.

Ngakho landfill sokufunwa engenziwa ngokuvumelana nezindlela yokukhiqiza ezihlukahlukene neutralization, kuhlanganise izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlaziywa kwe-site futhi kutholakale izinga ingozi alo.
• Ukubhekwa kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa izindlela sokufuna futhi.
• Ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi ukulahlwa kwezinto okungalawuliwe futhi kulungiswa okwalandela.

Nokho, kukhona amaqembu amaningana izindlela zobuchwepheshe ukuqeda landfill. Ukuze ukwazi ukufaka isicelo yokutakula eziyisisekelo nokulahlwa kwendle kwenye indawo ephephile futhi wabhubhisa ngqo kusayithi.