Ukubhujiswa okuyoba inhlekelele ungqimba lwe-ozone

Sonke baphile emhlabeni imisebe ilanga efudumele, kodwa uma sonke sazi ngemiphumela yalezi imisebe emzimbeni womuntu?

Zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni kuncike Amandla elanga. Yilokho ultraviolet infrared kukhona umthombo le sethu esiyigugu namandla ethu. Nokho, umthelela emisebeni ultraviolet ku eziphilayo ngokuvamile kuholela ukuphazamiseka ongenakugwenywa isakhiwo acid nucleic namaprotheni, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kuholela yokufa kwamangqamuzana engokwemvelo.

Nature wadala isivikelo kakhulu - ungqimba lwe-ozone Zomhlaba, esebenza njengesikhali yisithiyo eziyingozi emisebe yama-UV. Emoyeni, endaweni engamamitha 20-50 km iqukethe semali-ozone, okuyinto kwakha uhlobo isihlangu sivikela linganisa futhi esintwini.

Umzimba womuntu uyakwazi ukuvikela uqobo ngezithukuthuku le ukwakheka kombala omnyama (melanin), esilibiza ngokuthi hhayi nje njengomuntu tan. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo entwasahlobo, lapho isikhumba iqukethe esincane melanin, umuntu ngeke akwazi ukungakhathazeki uhlale isikhathi eside elangeni: Isikhumba ingase redden ngokushesha, futhi ngemva kwamahora ambalwa ongasukuma jikelele izinga lokushisa komzimba nokugeleza ikhanda zenzeka.

Sekuyisikhathi eside Wonke umuntu kwaziwe ukuthi ososayensi bebona ukubhujiswa esihleliwe ungqimba lwe-ozone. Okuqukethwe i-ozone umkhathi kakhulu encishisiwe, ngaphezu kwalokho, uye wathola okuthiwa "umgodi", esemgwaqweni phezu Antarctica. Ngeshwa, endaweni yaleli imbobo luyanda njalo ngonyaka, futhi okwamanje endaweni yayo kosayizi Antarctica uqobo.

Ukuncipha kwamanzi angaphansi ungqimba lwe-ozone aluphumeleli ziyasibona esintwini, isibonelo, emazweni isondelene oya ezwekazini, kukhona isifo ezikhulayo. Ngokuyisisekelo yizifo ezihlobene nokungabikho anda UV eyisisekelo, njengokuthi leyo ale nkinga, yomdlavuza wesikhumba, futhi abanye.

Ososayensi base- Nenkabazwe yaphawula ukunciphisa we-ozone emkhathini futhi ukubika nesenzakalo we-ozone "umgodi" phezu Svalbard.

Yini esongela ukubhujiswa ungqimba lwe-ozone? Imiphumela ingaba buhlungu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi, lokhu kubonakala ngesikhathi sokuvuna, okuyizona encishisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukuguqula izakhi zofuzo zezitshalo nezilwane, kanye nokukhula izifo. Scary ukucabanga ukuthi ungqimba lwe-ozone inganyamalala ngokuphelele, ngoba nakanjani kungaholela ekulahlekelweni yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene.

Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu yokuchitheka ungqimba lwe-ozone kufihlwe izinto ezenziwa abantu. Emzamweni ukuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwabo okunethezekile, umuntu kudala futhi isebenzisa ezihlukahlukene izinqubo zezimboni. Abahlukahlukene aerosol izifutho eziqukethe freons (chlorofluoromethane), ekhishwe ngomyalelo iphephile kubantu, kodwa lilondolozwe emkhathini iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-70.

Iqiniso lokuthi izidakamizwa aqoqana emkhathini, okuyinto okuyoholela ekubhujisweni we-ozone. Umsebenzi we umkhakha chemical kunikela kakhulu emoyeni ingress lezi izinto. Okokuqala, Ukuwohloka ungqimba lwe-ozone kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya chlorine, ne-athomu elilodwa zazo ubola 100 tysyach molecule i-ozone.

Lokho kwenza kubhujiswa "yisihlangu" yethu futhi kwezempi. Izinjini ezicitshwayo ballistic esetshenziswa ngamasosha, ihlaba umkhosi omningi eziyingozi nitrogen oxides. Ngamunye onjalo kwethulwa missile emkhathini yakha "umgodi" omkhulu ungqimba lwe-ozone. Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa nje, le "umgodi" imisiwe.

Emuva 70s phezu esiqhingini esikude futhi asihlali muntu-United States abahlakazekile amakhemikhali Stratosphere ezibe nomthelela ekwakhekeni "izimbobo" eyathatha kuphela ngemva kwamahora amaningana. Ukuncipha kwamanzi angaphansi ungqimba lwe-ozone ngaphezu esiqhingini kwaholela ekubeni iqiniso lokuthi eziningi zalezi abakhileyo ezweni lesi siqhingi sasibizwa umane ubhujiswe. Izilwane, izitshalo, amagciwane - bonke sebafa. Sakwazi ukusinda izimfudu ezimbalwa kuphela esikhulu zilondolozwe ngenxa obukhulu zempi bony. Nokho, lezi izimfudu bayizimpumputhe, ngoba i-retina wawushiswe ultraviolet.